• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
10. defense mechnaism.pptx
10. defense mechnaism.pptx

... —  Complements the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism ...
Inflammation Macrophage Activation and Acute TLR-2 and IL
Inflammation Macrophage Activation and Acute TLR-2 and IL

... hitin is a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine which, after cellulose, is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature. Although it does not have a mammalian counterpart, it is found in the walls of fungi; exoskeleton of crabs, shrimp, and insects; the microfilarial sheath of parasitic nematodes; an ...
Immune response to fungal infections
Immune response to fungal infections

... fungi, through multiple direct effects on their membranes. They have the ability to attack specific external targets simultaneously (Ganz, 2003; Aerts et al., 2008; Steinstraesser et al., 2008). Another major function is their active role in the transition to the adaptive immune ...
Major Histocompatibility Complex I Mediates Immunological
Major Histocompatibility Complex I Mediates Immunological

... inflammation and their expression of immune rejection might lead to recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and immune rejection. However, the cultured trophoblast cells in this experiment continued to express only tolerance-inducing HLA-G. This suggests that the mechanisms that lead to expression of ...
ch22 Lymphatics
ch22 Lymphatics

... or (immunity). B. Lack of resistance is called susceptibility. C. Resistance to disease can be grouped into two broad areas. – Innate and Adaptive 1. Nonspecific resistance or innate immunity are present at birth and includes defense mechanisms that provide general protection against invasion by a w ...
get PDF-file
get PDF-file

... patients with nontumorous diseases. In both the glioblastoma and the nontumor group the EGF production of cultured monocytes was not influenced by medication, especially not by dexamethasone therapy. In a recently published paper10 we could demonstrate that the long-term survival of monocytes derive ...
Immune System - Iowa State University Digital Repository
Immune System - Iowa State University Digital Repository

... cells in the nervous system, Langerhans cells in the skin, and Kupffer cells in the liver. Macrophages are capable of all the activities described above for neutrophils. Macrophages are said to be the second line of defense but are slower to arrive at sites of inflammation and are not as aggressive ...
crosstalk between epithelial cells and macrophages - DORAS
crosstalk between epithelial cells and macrophages - DORAS

... pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, conditioned macrophages became less responsive to Toll-like receptor stimulation, while they kept their phagocytic abilities and maintained TNF-α production. Interestingly, higher expression of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) was observed in conditioned macrophages. T ...
Downloaded - Open Biology
Downloaded - Open Biology

... at 2 weeks, a large number of genes were significantly differentially expressed in response to HN878 infection; this number declined by 4 weeks post-infection. Thereafter, from 4 to 12 weeks post-infection, we observed a gradual but significant increase in both the total number of differentially exp ...
Immune system
Immune system

... which sends in parenchyma prolongations forming trabeculae. These together with the reticular cells network form a support for a great lot of cells. Two types of tissue enter in the spleen structure : the tissue responsible for grown old blood cells destruction and urgent generation of new erythrocy ...
Immunotoxicity derived from manipulating leukocytes with lipid
Immunotoxicity derived from manipulating leukocytes with lipid

... which combine with antibodies or cell surfaces, is constitutive and nonspecific but must be activated in order to function [7,8]. Macrophages mediate crucial innate immune responses via the clearance mechanism: caspase-1-dependent processing and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The second ...
Comparison of Macrophages and Lymphocytes in Non
Comparison of Macrophages and Lymphocytes in Non

... tumors, though contributing to only 0.29% of all cancers diagnosed in these animals. Although considered a rare tumor in cats, late studies showed that feline endometrial adenocarcinomas (FEA) can to be more frequent than once thought. Aware of the importance of the immune system, through a dynamic ...
Inflammation - UK - Tree of Light Publishing
Inflammation - UK - Tree of Light Publishing

... the body’s initial response to irritation, tissue damage or infection ...
Naturally produced opsonizing antibodies restrict the survival of
Naturally produced opsonizing antibodies restrict the survival of

... Nonetheless, the mechanism by which Abs confer protection against intracellular infections largely remains obscure. Phagosome acidification through fusion with lysosomes is critical for killing of the bacilli within macrophages and its inhibition is a major survival mechanism employed by Mtb [13]. A ...
III. Immunosuppression and TLRs - HAL
III. Immunosuppression and TLRs - HAL

... recognized A. fumigatus. In agreement with the latter, Netea et al. (15) indicated that conidia and hyphae activated murine peritoneal macrophages through TLR2 and TLR4. Furthermore, Netea et al. (15) demonstrated that macrophages responded differently to conidia and hyphae. It appears that whereas ...
Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Ventilator
Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Ventilator

... Toll like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogens and generate an immediate defense response by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which rapidly destroy or limit the pathogens (1). In their bridging role, TLR downstream signals link innate and adaptive immunity, particularly by medi ...
Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

... Ans: After an injury occurs, histamine is released, which causes the capillaries to dilate. The dilated capillaries cause the skin to redden and proteins and fluids escape, resulting in swelling. Neutrophils and monocytes begin to phagocytize microbes, which have entered through the injured skin. As ...
Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

... Ans: After an injury occurs, histamine is released, which causes the capillaries to dilate. The dilated capillaries cause the skin to redden and proteins and fluids escape, resulting in swelling. Neutrophils and monocytes begin to phagocytize microbes, which have entered through the injured skin. As ...
Trained immunity: a new avenue for tuberculosis vaccine development
Trained immunity: a new avenue for tuberculosis vaccine development

... Below we will discuss the mechanisms of latent TB and early clearance. Control of M. tuberculosis infection during latent tuberculosis Inside TB granulomas, innate immunity acts in alliance with adaptive immunity to control M. tuberculosis infection. The immunological mechanisms that contribute to t ...
review on herbal plants useful in tuberculosis
review on herbal plants useful in tuberculosis

... implicated in the pathogenesis of T-cell-mediated pathology because it drives antigen-naive TH cells towards development into TH1 cells.25 TNF-α is believed to play multiple roles in the immune and pathological responses in tuberculosis. M tuberculosis induces TNF-α secretion by macrophages, dendrit ...
Relevance of granulocyte apoptosis to resolution of
Relevance of granulocyte apoptosis to resolution of

... to combat helminthic infection. Increasingly, new roles for eosinophils are being identified and it seems likely that they have a role in combating viral infection as eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin have been shown to degrade single-stranded RNA viruses. They are said t ...
everyday immune defence
everyday immune defence

... new immune optimiser, ProglucamuneTM , USANA now offers a 3-phase approach with products that work together to support and improve immunity. ...
the 30th Annual Conference of the
the 30th Annual Conference of the

... annual EMDS meeting. Basic aspects, such as control of APC function, metabolism, signalling, heterogeneity, antigen processing & presentation, and microbe-host crosstalk will be discussed. Additionally, many clinical aspects of APC dysfunction in chronic inflammatory disorders and cancer will be add ...
Wolbachia bacteria in filarial immunity and disease
Wolbachia bacteria in filarial immunity and disease

... of lymphatic endothelia (53) are elevated in lymph from parasitized lymphatics (54). The activation of lymphatic endothelium may be important in controlling the composition and pressure of interstitial fluid and in facilitating lymphocyte trafficking and thus have an important role in inflammatory p ...
Lung inflammatory responses
Lung inflammatory responses

... number of mediators that are present in all species of animals; however, they may vary in their responsiveness and reactivity to the various initiating factors. In addition to bacteria and viruses, the environment can produce inflammation in the respiratory tract [34, 47, 65, 69, 101]. Because of th ...
< 1 ... 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ... 50 >

Macrophage



Macrophages (Greek: big eaters, from makros ""large"" + phagein ""eat""; abbr. MΦ) are a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the types of proteins specific to the surface of healthy body cells on its surface in a process called phagocytosis. Macrophages were first discovered by Élie Metchnikoff, a Russian bacteriologist, in 1884. They are found in essentially all tissues, where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboid movement. They play a critical role in non-specific defense (innate immunity), and also help initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) by recruiting other immune cells such as lymphocytes. In humans, dysfunctional macrophages cause severe diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease that result in frequent infections.Beyond increasing inflammation and stimulating the immune system, macrophages also play an important anti-inflammatory role and can decrease immune reactions through the release of cytokines. Macrophages that encourage inflammation are called M1 macrophages, whereas those that decrease inflammation and encourage tissue repair are called M2 macrophages. This difference is reflected in their metabolism, M1 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""killer"" molecule nitric oxide, whereas M2 macrophages have the unique ability to metabolize arginine to the ""repair"" molecule ornithine.Human macrophages are about 21 micrometres (0.00083 in) in diameter and are produced by the differentiation of monocytes in tissues. They can be identified using flow cytometry or immunohistochemical staining by their specific expression of proteins such as CD14, CD40, CD11b, CD64, F4/80 (mice)/EMR1 (human), lysozyme M, MAC-1/MAC-3 and CD68.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report