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Grammar: Course compendium
Grammar: Course compendium

... In this section, you will practise basic grammar terms and concepts. Learning the terminology is not a goal in itself. It’s an aid to helping you understand and discuss grammar rules and difficulties. For this reason, it’s not so much a question of learning certain terminology by heart, but rather a ...
Types of Phrases - Louisburg USD 416
Types of Phrases - Louisburg USD 416

... Activity: Read each of the following sentences and examine the underlined phrases. Choose the correct type of phrase from the list of options and write the letter of the correct answer in the blank. ____ 1. The Soviet Union’s 1957 launching of Sputnik, the world’s first artificial satellite, spurred ...
An Analysis of Prepositional Error Correction in TEM8 and Its
An Analysis of Prepositional Error Correction in TEM8 and Its

... Actually, it is really not easy for foreign language learners to use prepositions correctly and even appropriately, for any one of the prepositions can have different usages and functions. Therefore, based on this point, we should learn to observe and use a preposition not only grammatically but als ...
Sentence Sense
Sentence Sense

... Note: 1. that the apostrophe (') replaces missing letters, and 2. that there are no contractions for was and were. At this time, you might want to review the chart on modal auxiliaries in Part Four Verbs: Split Verbs Questions and negative statements split verbs into two parts. In a question, the su ...
Nouns and Verbs in Australian Sign Language: An Open and Shut
Nouns and Verbs in Australian Sign Language: An Open and Shut

... second applies only to the elicited responses in the production test. It involves two other possible alternative strategies for marking or distinguishing nouns and verbs in Auslan that emerged from further examination of the elicited data—mouthing and juxtaposition. I discuss each of these three str ...
Contrastive Analysis of German and Malay Modal Verbs
Contrastive Analysis of German and Malay Modal Verbs

... could also provide a systematical contrastive method. This is done by preparing a model which can be used to contrast languages and make prediction of language problems. Whitman creates a CA model which has four stages of procedures. The stages are description, selection, contrast and prediction mak ...
The Passive and the Notion of Transitivity
The Passive and the Notion of Transitivity

... Even though the structures are syntactically based on a pattern with 3 parts, and the verbs are followed by complements that have more or less the status of objects (« me » in « it fits me » can be regarded as a syntactic object but certainly not « a lot » in « he weighs a lot », which is only a com ...
4/yes/no and where questions with be in the present simple.
4/yes/no and where questions with be in the present simple.

... result or consequence.Exp:I was tired so I went to sleep. So - Indicates effect, result or consequence ...
Chapter The Many Facets of the Cause-Effect Relation
Chapter The Many Facets of the Cause-Effect Relation

... kind B to occur if, when A occurs, B always follows, but when A does not occur, B sometimes occurs and sometimes not. On the other hand, if when A does not occur, B never occurs, but when A occurs, B sometimes occurs and sometimes not, then A is a necessary though not a sufficient condition for B to ...
10 Basic Clause Patterns
10 Basic Clause Patterns

... Until now, we have examined the grammar of English in bits and pieces—phonemes, morphemes, words, and phrases. In this chapter, we put these pieces together into the basic grammatical structure of language—the clause. Clauses are basic for several reasons. First, you need only one of them to make a ...
South African discourse analysis in theory and practice
South African discourse analysis in theory and practice

... “The dog which I saw was chasing a cat as if its entire future was at stake”. The main clause of this sentence would be “The dog was chasing a cat”. The subject “dog” in the main clause is qualified by the adjectival sentence “which I saw”, and the main verb “was chasing” is modified by the adverbi ...
Reteach Workbook
Reteach Workbook

... How spectacular they are! • A compound sentence joins two sentences with similar ideas. The sentences are joined by a comma and the words and, or, or but. I saw fireworks last year, and they were great. Circle the punctuation mark at the end of each sentence. Then write whether the sentence is decla ...
Introducing English Semantics
Introducing English Semantics

... that fact and what is a likely consequence, or entailment of it; what statements are mutually contradictory, which sentences express the same meaning in different words, and which are unrelated. (There is more about presupposition and entailment later in this chapter.) Linguists want to understand h ...
sentence structure basics
sentence structure basics

... Yesterday, both Christine and Philip studied hard for their biology midterm and wrote essays for English. Introductory word (adverb of time) ...
pdf version - Universität Leipzig
pdf version - Universität Leipzig

... University of Leipzig. As is tradition, there are four invited speakers to cover the four main disciplines in theoretical linguistics. The first one is Željko Bošković, a syntactician from the University of Connecticut. The field of phonology is represented by Ricardo Bermúdez-Otero from the Univers ...
Fontenelle, T. 1994. “What on earth are collocations?”.
Fontenelle, T. 1994. “What on earth are collocations?”.

... b) Pronominalization *The student had licked my colleagues’ boots but hesitated to lick mine. c) Cleft sentence *It was my boots that he had tried to lick. d) Insertion of material *The student tried to lick the teacher’s leather boots. Of course, the variations described above are possible if one w ...
LESSON PLAN Date: Class and Grade Level: Title/Subject of
LESSON PLAN Date: Class and Grade Level: Title/Subject of

... we did with your narrative writing piece. Do you remember last week when we talked about adjectives and adjective clauses? Why do we add things like adjective to sentences? We do this to create imagery. Why would this be something useful and important to use in your writing pieces? Let’s take a look ...
Parts of the Sentence
Parts of the Sentence

... many improbable tales. ...
Peace Corps Standard Biko Course
Peace Corps Standard Biko Course

... ROUGH DIALECT MAP OF BIKOL ...
a note on a potential textual feature of putative should
a note on a potential textual feature of putative should

... Huddleston and Pullum (2002, 187) describe should in this construction as a use "with little discernible modal meaning of its own", occurring primarily with predicative lexemes indicating surprise or evaluation (odd, remarkable, surprising, good, bad, a pity, etc.) (p. 188). "The should clause can g ...
Using Unknown Word Techniques to Learn Known Words
Using Unknown Word Techniques to Learn Known Words

... However, because of data sparseness problems, this method is only able to handle unigrams and bigrams. Another potential problem is the absence of criteria to determine when to use unigrams and when bigrams to represent forms within a given sentence. Consider the trigram w1 , w2 , w3 where w2 is the ...
Diminutives and augmentatives in Beja (North-Cushitic) - Hal-SHS
Diminutives and augmentatives in Beja (North-Cushitic) - Hal-SHS

... even from Afar and Saho, the closest and neighbouring East-Cushitic languages, or Agaw, its other closest central Cushitic relative (Cohen 1988: 267). Beja is verb-final and predominantly head-final. It possesses a very rich morphology with three nominal core cases: nominative, accusative and geniti ...
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar
A Basic Modern Russian Grammar

... The nouns of all Genders make Plural forms with the help of 2 groups of endings: First Group -û or -è ending: Big Group of Masculine& Feminine Nouns ...
structure 3
structure 3

... The predicate of a sentence must start with a finite verb or a finite verb group (a finite verb is the one which changes its form, depending on the number of the subject and the time reference). The following are examples of sentences and the brackets contain the types of predicate used in the sente ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University

... Borrowing of lexical items is a subject that has given rise to many offhand remarks, but to little systematic study. The reasons for this are twofold. First, lexical borrowing has not been perceived as particularly interesting from a structural perspective, but rather as a cultural phenomenon. Secon ...
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Japanese grammar

Japanese grammar refers to word order and inflection characteristic of the Japanese language. The language has a regular agglutinative verb morphology, with both productive and fixed elements. In language typology, it has many features divergent from most European languages. Its phrases are exclusively head-final and compound sentences are exclusively left-branching. There are many such languages, but few in Europe. It is a topic-prominent language.
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