Chapter 34` The Biosphere: An introduction
... – organism, – population, a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular geographic area, – community, an assemblage of all the populations of organisms living close enough together for potential interaction, and – ecosystem, both the abiotic and biotic components of the environme ...
... – organism, – population, a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular geographic area, – community, an assemblage of all the populations of organisms living close enough together for potential interaction, and – ecosystem, both the abiotic and biotic components of the environme ...
Interspecific interactions through 2 million years: are competitive
... among living organisms, they have to be inferred for extinct species and populations, using modern analogues and relevant morphological and ecological information preserved in the fossil record. On the flip side, the evolutionary consequences of interactions observable among organisms are not easily ...
... among living organisms, they have to be inferred for extinct species and populations, using modern analogues and relevant morphological and ecological information preserved in the fossil record. On the flip side, the evolutionary consequences of interactions observable among organisms are not easily ...
book of abstracts
... stochasticity on the dynamics at the genetical, population and community level, which have emerged from a combination of theoretical analyses and comparative studies of empirical data. I propose that these patterns provide a foundation for a new synthesis in which different sub-disciplines in ecolog ...
... stochasticity on the dynamics at the genetical, population and community level, which have emerged from a combination of theoretical analyses and comparative studies of empirical data. I propose that these patterns provide a foundation for a new synthesis in which different sub-disciplines in ecolog ...
The Theory of Natural Selection of Alfred Russel Wallace FRS
... determined by their relative level of adaptation, less well-adapted species being less abundant than better-adapted species. (iii) This argument can be extended to different varieties within a species, less well-adapted varieties being less abundant than better-adapted varieties. (iv) If the environ ...
... determined by their relative level of adaptation, less well-adapted species being less abundant than better-adapted species. (iii) This argument can be extended to different varieties within a species, less well-adapted varieties being less abundant than better-adapted varieties. (iv) If the environ ...
as a PDF
... et al., 2010). However, even less is known on the factors structuring post-metamorphic anuran assemblages; the majority of our understanding comes through studies focused on habitat use or diet (Wells, 2010). An ecomorphological approach to understanding the structure of these assemblages has yet to ...
... et al., 2010). However, even less is known on the factors structuring post-metamorphic anuran assemblages; the majority of our understanding comes through studies focused on habitat use or diet (Wells, 2010). An ecomorphological approach to understanding the structure of these assemblages has yet to ...
The Cronus hypothesis – extinction as a necessary and dynamic
... extinction events since the Cambrian period (i.e., failed to confirm any detectable periodicity in during the Ordovician [490–443 million years ago extinction events (Benton 1995), and even species (mya)], Devonian [417–354 mya], Permian [299–250 recovery post-event differs markedly (Conwaymya], Tri ...
... extinction events since the Cambrian period (i.e., failed to confirm any detectable periodicity in during the Ordovician [490–443 million years ago extinction events (Benton 1995), and even species (mya)], Devonian [417–354 mya], Permian [299–250 recovery post-event differs markedly (Conwaymya], Tri ...
Lesson Overview
... Ecology and Economics Economics is concerned with interactions based on money. Economics and ecology share the same word root oikos (economics). Indeed, human economics and ecology are linked. Humans live within the biosphere and depend on ecological processes to provide such essentials as food and ...
... Ecology and Economics Economics is concerned with interactions based on money. Economics and ecology share the same word root oikos (economics). Indeed, human economics and ecology are linked. Humans live within the biosphere and depend on ecological processes to provide such essentials as food and ...
Biodiversity Webquest
... 4. Scientist are not finding a diverse population of organism on the coral reefs in the Bahamas, why? ...
... 4. Scientist are not finding a diverse population of organism on the coral reefs in the Bahamas, why? ...
Sample Essay ( version)
... goes on to state that different breeds of organisms do not have a definite origin, pointing out that, at some point, a breeder happened upon a desirable variation that occurred naturally in a member of a population and decided to encourage that variable trait through selective breeding (Origin, pg ...
... goes on to state that different breeds of organisms do not have a definite origin, pointing out that, at some point, a breeder happened upon a desirable variation that occurred naturally in a member of a population and decided to encourage that variable trait through selective breeding (Origin, pg ...
2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale
... The first living things on Earth were probably prokaryotes, or single-celled organisms without nuclei. These early organisms did not need oxygen to survive. However, more than 3 billion years ago, organisms called cyanobacteria began to develop. Cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis. During photosynt ...
... The first living things on Earth were probably prokaryotes, or single-celled organisms without nuclei. These early organisms did not need oxygen to survive. However, more than 3 billion years ago, organisms called cyanobacteria began to develop. Cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis. During photosynt ...
LOTPL_MWRA - University of Massachusetts Boston
... • IDs done by: – field guides, print and online (main source) – Citizen Scientists registered for the LOTPL project, other Flickr experts (retired biologists, naturalists, etc.) – various outside experts (including those at Bugguide.net) ...
... • IDs done by: – field guides, print and online (main source) – Citizen Scientists registered for the LOTPL project, other Flickr experts (retired biologists, naturalists, etc.) – various outside experts (including those at Bugguide.net) ...
Connections between ecology, biogeography, and paleobiology
... abundance, including more colonization and extinction events, between the Pleistocene interglacial sample and the Recent one. The constraint of location in the geographic range on maximal local and regional abundance appears to offer an example of a connection between patterns and processes on local ...
... abundance, including more colonization and extinction events, between the Pleistocene interglacial sample and the Recent one. The constraint of location in the geographic range on maximal local and regional abundance appears to offer an example of a connection between patterns and processes on local ...
Ecological Applications at the Level of Organisms and Single
... Here we switch attention to how this knowledge can be turned to advantage by resource managers. At the end of the second and third sections of the book we will address, in a similar manner, the application of ecological knowledge at the level of population interactions (Chapter 15) and then of commu ...
... Here we switch attention to how this knowledge can be turned to advantage by resource managers. At the end of the second and third sections of the book we will address, in a similar manner, the application of ecological knowledge at the level of population interactions (Chapter 15) and then of commu ...
BIOSC 145-S14 121KB Jul 14 2014 05:40:02 PM
... COURSE CONTENT (Lab): 1. Embryology and development 2. Simple bodies: Porifera and Cnidaria 3. Worm diversity: Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, and Annelida 4. Arthropod body plan and diversity 5. Chordate diversity 6. Prokaryotic structure and function 7. Fungal structure and diversity 8. Diverse algae: ...
... COURSE CONTENT (Lab): 1. Embryology and development 2. Simple bodies: Porifera and Cnidaria 3. Worm diversity: Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, and Annelida 4. Arthropod body plan and diversity 5. Chordate diversity 6. Prokaryotic structure and function 7. Fungal structure and diversity 8. Diverse algae: ...
Pangaea and Seafloor Spreading Notes
... seemed to have edges that could readily fit into each other, and that the climates many continents were now experiencing would not support the fossil types found there. Continental drift states that all the continents moved from their place of origin-Pangaea, to where they are presently located. 2. ...
... seemed to have edges that could readily fit into each other, and that the climates many continents were now experiencing would not support the fossil types found there. Continental drift states that all the continents moved from their place of origin-Pangaea, to where they are presently located. 2. ...
Peterson et al. 2013
... mechanisms and trade-offs underlying niche divergence and local patterns of allopatry and sympatry. Mimulus guttatus thrives in perennial streams, whereas its close relative Mimulus laciniatus occupies nearby fast-drying seeps; either species is absent from the above habitat occupied by its congener ...
... mechanisms and trade-offs underlying niche divergence and local patterns of allopatry and sympatry. Mimulus guttatus thrives in perennial streams, whereas its close relative Mimulus laciniatus occupies nearby fast-drying seeps; either species is absent from the above habitat occupied by its congener ...
Pangaea and Seafloor Spreading Notes
... to support it. III. Pangaea and Seafloor Spreading A. Pangaea is the idea put forth by Wegener that, once an incredibly long time ago, all the continents were connected as one large landmass. 1. Wegener formed the idea of Continental Drift based on his observations that many fossils of the same type ...
... to support it. III. Pangaea and Seafloor Spreading A. Pangaea is the idea put forth by Wegener that, once an incredibly long time ago, all the continents were connected as one large landmass. 1. Wegener formed the idea of Continental Drift based on his observations that many fossils of the same type ...
Chapter 2
... Why do most aquatic insects leave the water to mate? It allows for dispersal and gene flow. Also aquatic insects arose from terrestrial forms that have winged reproductive adults. It is a disadvantage to have delicate wings underwater. Why has behavior evolved to be more complex, but biochemistry le ...
... Why do most aquatic insects leave the water to mate? It allows for dispersal and gene flow. Also aquatic insects arose from terrestrial forms that have winged reproductive adults. It is a disadvantage to have delicate wings underwater. Why has behavior evolved to be more complex, but biochemistry le ...
Ecological Factors Affecting Community Invasibility
... Lewis) and manipulative experiments in both marine and terrestrial systems (Britton-Simmons 2006; Kennedy et al. 2002; Levine 2000; Naeem et al. 2000; Stachowicz et al. 1999, 2002a; White and Shurin 2007) generally (but not unequivocally—see Arenas et al. 2006) support the idea that increasing diver ...
... Lewis) and manipulative experiments in both marine and terrestrial systems (Britton-Simmons 2006; Kennedy et al. 2002; Levine 2000; Naeem et al. 2000; Stachowicz et al. 1999, 2002a; White and Shurin 2007) generally (but not unequivocally—see Arenas et al. 2006) support the idea that increasing diver ...
1 Theories
... 8.4 Intensity of competition ................................................................................................... 22 8.5 The competitive process: R* ............................................................................................ 22 ...
... 8.4 Intensity of competition ................................................................................................... 22 8.5 The competitive process: R* ............................................................................................ 22 ...
some features of ecosystems
... cent. Energy efficiency is the percentage of assimilated energy that is incorporated into new biomass. Once energy has been transferred randomly into heat it can no longer be used as energy by organisms, except momentarily to maintain body temperature. The proportion of nutrients in living biomass a ...
... cent. Energy efficiency is the percentage of assimilated energy that is incorporated into new biomass. Once energy has been transferred randomly into heat it can no longer be used as energy by organisms, except momentarily to maintain body temperature. The proportion of nutrients in living biomass a ...
Lesson Two: Moving Continents Vocabulary Station
... Hands-On Activity Station Read the following information about the moving plates. Then complete the activity and questions below. According to the Continental Drift Theory, the continents once formed a giant landmass named Pangaea. It wasn’t until the 1950s and 1960s that scientists began to explain ...
... Hands-On Activity Station Read the following information about the moving plates. Then complete the activity and questions below. According to the Continental Drift Theory, the continents once formed a giant landmass named Pangaea. It wasn’t until the 1950s and 1960s that scientists began to explain ...
Alpine and Arctic Ecosystems
... reduction of land area, due to the cone-shapes of mountains (Körner 2000), therefore the species richness per area remains constant with elevation. The magnitude of genetic diversity within species does not change with latitude or altitude within either the arctic or the alpine floras (McGraw 1995; ...
... reduction of land area, due to the cone-shapes of mountains (Körner 2000), therefore the species richness per area remains constant with elevation. The magnitude of genetic diversity within species does not change with latitude or altitude within either the arctic or the alpine floras (McGraw 1995; ...
Animal behaviour and plant responses SLO`s - MrHay
... Description Demonstrate understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (91603) vs1 ...
... Description Demonstrate understanding of the responses of plants and animals to their external environment (91603) vs1 ...
Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.