Feb 6 Primary Productivity: Controls, Patterns, Consequences
... LAI is a key parameter governing ecosystem processes because it determines both the area that is potentially available to absorb light and the degree to which light is attenuated through the canopy. GPP correlates closely with leaf area below an LAI of about 4, suggesting that leaf area is a critica ...
... LAI is a key parameter governing ecosystem processes because it determines both the area that is potentially available to absorb light and the degree to which light is attenuated through the canopy. GPP correlates closely with leaf area below an LAI of about 4, suggesting that leaf area is a critica ...
RES Leanna Ballard - Ballard Ecological Consulting
... influence sage-grouse habitat selection across multiple scales. These habitat characteristics were based on different orders of selection that represent four spatial scales at which habitat attributes influence where greater sage-grouse reside and obtain resources necessary for survival and reproduc ...
... influence sage-grouse habitat selection across multiple scales. These habitat characteristics were based on different orders of selection that represent four spatial scales at which habitat attributes influence where greater sage-grouse reside and obtain resources necessary for survival and reproduc ...
building a regional species pool: diversification of the
... contains species that inhabit only water bodies that support fish populations. This ‘‘southeastern’’ clade diversified at a much slower and more steady pace within the fish-lake habitat than the ‘‘New England’’ clade, but four speciation events in this clade appear to have occurred at the same time ...
... contains species that inhabit only water bodies that support fish populations. This ‘‘southeastern’’ clade diversified at a much slower and more steady pace within the fish-lake habitat than the ‘‘New England’’ clade, but four speciation events in this clade appear to have occurred at the same time ...
... Tanner CJ, Salalı GD and Jackson AL (In press). The ghost of social environments past: dominance relationships include current interactions and experience carried over from previous groups. Biology Letters. [email protected] ...
Chapter 14: Interactions in Ecosystems
... are two ways that parasites can use their host. An ectoparasite makes its home on the exterior of an organism, attaching itself to the outside of the host and usually feeding on its fluids. Common ectoparasites include fleas, ticks, and leeches, such as the one seen in FIGURE 2.3. Many types of ecto ...
... are two ways that parasites can use their host. An ectoparasite makes its home on the exterior of an organism, attaching itself to the outside of the host and usually feeding on its fluids. Common ectoparasites include fleas, ticks, and leeches, such as the one seen in FIGURE 2.3. Many types of ecto ...
Immigration and the Maintenance of Local Species Diversity
... consistent with observed patterns in plant and insect communities (e.g., Hanski 1982; Grubb 1986; Loreau 1994). Not all patterns are consistent with the model (Gaston and Lawton 1989), however, and its mechanistic basis has been ...
... consistent with observed patterns in plant and insect communities (e.g., Hanski 1982; Grubb 1986; Loreau 1994). Not all patterns are consistent with the model (Gaston and Lawton 1989), however, and its mechanistic basis has been ...
Ch 52 2 Notes - Dublin City Schools
... • Ecologists have long recognized global and regional patterns of distribution of organisms within the biosphere • Biogeography is a good starting point for understanding what limits geographic distribution of species • Ecologists recognize two kinds of factors that determine distribution: biotic, o ...
... • Ecologists have long recognized global and regional patterns of distribution of organisms within the biosphere • Biogeography is a good starting point for understanding what limits geographic distribution of species • Ecologists recognize two kinds of factors that determine distribution: biotic, o ...
Chapter 11 Sampling the Marine Realm
... in the sea (around 250,000 known species) than on land (between 1.4 and 1.7 million known species), probably because dispersal is more wide-ranging in water than on land and genetic connectivity is maintained over vast expanses (but see Paulay & Meyer, 2006). This may be partly the result of broader ...
... in the sea (around 250,000 known species) than on land (between 1.4 and 1.7 million known species), probably because dispersal is more wide-ranging in water than on land and genetic connectivity is maintained over vast expanses (but see Paulay & Meyer, 2006). This may be partly the result of broader ...
Patterns in the structure of Asian and North American desert small
... desert rodent communities suggest that these are not strongly influenced by competition; in fact, they have greater numbers of ecologically and morphologically similar species than expected. These results appear to reflect strong habitat selection, with positive associations among species that share ...
... desert rodent communities suggest that these are not strongly influenced by competition; in fact, they have greater numbers of ecologically and morphologically similar species than expected. These results appear to reflect strong habitat selection, with positive associations among species that share ...
Body size evolution in insular vertebrates: generality of the island rule
... of insular environments. In fact, Meiri et al.’s analyses of these data reveal different patterns of variation for the three different measures, and Meiri & Dayan’s (2003, p. 331) study of a related pattern (Bergmann’s rule) found that ‘studies using body mass in mammals show the greatest tendency t ...
... of insular environments. In fact, Meiri et al.’s analyses of these data reveal different patterns of variation for the three different measures, and Meiri & Dayan’s (2003, p. 331) study of a related pattern (Bergmann’s rule) found that ‘studies using body mass in mammals show the greatest tendency t ...
Niche construction, co-evolution and biodiversity
... Other recent studies of ecosystem engineers' importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning have a more observational character; they compare habitats with and without engineers. For example, patches of cushion plant Azorella monantha enable other species to survive in the harsh environment o ...
... Other recent studies of ecosystem engineers' importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning have a more observational character; they compare habitats with and without engineers. For example, patches of cushion plant Azorella monantha enable other species to survive in the harsh environment o ...
Spatial structure - e
... commonly consisting of trees of similar age. The group could be either small or large. ...
... commonly consisting of trees of similar age. The group could be either small or large. ...
biogeographic atlas of the southern ocean
... Including undescribed species, approximately 12 species of ctenophores, 18 species of scyphomedusae, 30 species of siphonophores and 71 species of hydromedusae are known to inhabit the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. Their latitudinal ranges can be divided into several ca ...
... Including undescribed species, approximately 12 species of ctenophores, 18 species of scyphomedusae, 30 species of siphonophores and 71 species of hydromedusae are known to inhabit the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. Their latitudinal ranges can be divided into several ca ...
Abstract, 1. Introduction, 2. Methodology and 3. Ecological character
... which are not well represented in existing protected natural areas, and to retain the greatest possible diversity of landform and vegetation patterns consistent with what was originally present. To achieve this, representative biological and landscape features that are common or extensive within an ...
... which are not well represented in existing protected natural areas, and to retain the greatest possible diversity of landform and vegetation patterns consistent with what was originally present. To achieve this, representative biological and landscape features that are common or extensive within an ...
MEEC2017_Abstracts
... cascades, rarely incorporates variation at a finer scale than species. Investigating the influences of interspecific variation can further our understanding of these complex ecological interactions. In this project, we explore the impacts of body size variation in a top predator population on an aqu ...
... cascades, rarely incorporates variation at a finer scale than species. Investigating the influences of interspecific variation can further our understanding of these complex ecological interactions. In this project, we explore the impacts of body size variation in a top predator population on an aqu ...
Sample Chapter 03
... described the parallel colonization of finches on two small islands in the Tristan da Cunha archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean. Tristan is one of the world’s most isolated island systems, lying midway between South America and the tip of South Africa. Of the three islands, two of them, Inaccessi ...
... described the parallel colonization of finches on two small islands in the Tristan da Cunha archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean. Tristan is one of the world’s most isolated island systems, lying midway between South America and the tip of South Africa. Of the three islands, two of them, Inaccessi ...
Nordic Society Oikos
... In spite of the importance of delineating guilds in assembly-rules studies, it is probably impossible to describe explicit "rules" for inclusion and exclusion of particular species. At the start of our study, one of us (JAW) divided the lists of congeners from Blakers et al. (1984) into guilds of ec ...
... In spite of the importance of delineating guilds in assembly-rules studies, it is probably impossible to describe explicit "rules" for inclusion and exclusion of particular species. At the start of our study, one of us (JAW) divided the lists of congeners from Blakers et al. (1984) into guilds of ec ...
(Part 2) The adaptationist program
... What is adaptation? 1. Acclimatization • refers to the physiological adjustment of individual organisms to different conditions (e.g., temperature, photoperiod). NO genetic change. ...
... What is adaptation? 1. Acclimatization • refers to the physiological adjustment of individual organisms to different conditions (e.g., temperature, photoperiod). NO genetic change. ...
Progress in Physical Geography
... ities of tropical rain forest diversity are understood so that theories are not accepted uncritically or viewed in isolation. The discussion outlines the academic debate today as the subject remains actively researched and published. Scholarly research, polarized according to scale and discipline in ...
... ities of tropical rain forest diversity are understood so that theories are not accepted uncritically or viewed in isolation. The discussion outlines the academic debate today as the subject remains actively researched and published. Scholarly research, polarized according to scale and discipline in ...
habitat and landscape characteristics underlying anuran
... requiring post-breeding upland habitats. Anurans most affected by urbanization were those associated with short hydroperiods, early breeding activity, and substantial upland habitat use. We suggest that broad-scale landscape fragmentation is an important factor underlying anuran community structure ...
... requiring post-breeding upland habitats. Anurans most affected by urbanization were those associated with short hydroperiods, early breeding activity, and substantial upland habitat use. We suggest that broad-scale landscape fragmentation is an important factor underlying anuran community structure ...
Flanagan Contextual Teaching Assignment
... Stage I 12A 5 Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to explain tests of evolutionary evidence, analyzing acceptance of geologic and fossil records, researching comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry and cytology studies of analogous and homologous structures. Stage I 12B 1 Apply ...
... Stage I 12A 5 Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to explain tests of evolutionary evidence, analyzing acceptance of geologic and fossil records, researching comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry and cytology studies of analogous and homologous structures. Stage I 12B 1 Apply ...
Spatial patterns of weeds along a gradient of landscape complexity
... A major current issue in ecology concerns the identification and the explanation of the spatial pattern in ecological communities (Wiens 1989; Liebhold & Gurevitch 2002). Spatial patterns can result from a combination of processes acting at different scales. At fine spatial scales, many processes un ...
... A major current issue in ecology concerns the identification and the explanation of the spatial pattern in ecological communities (Wiens 1989; Liebhold & Gurevitch 2002). Spatial patterns can result from a combination of processes acting at different scales. At fine spatial scales, many processes un ...
A Biodiversity Primer for Ontario
... Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources, including inter alia [among other things], terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. There ...
... Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources, including inter alia [among other things], terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. There ...
Using Biodiversity and Evenness Comparisons Among Plant
... Daubenmire 1968; Barbour et al. 1999). However, description alone could not provide the basis for understanding variation in plant communities. In the late twentieth century, changes in land use, damaging effects of pollution and climate change began to alter vegetation communities. These changes we ...
... Daubenmire 1968; Barbour et al. 1999). However, description alone could not provide the basis for understanding variation in plant communities. In the late twentieth century, changes in land use, damaging effects of pollution and climate change began to alter vegetation communities. These changes we ...
Assessing the health of European rivers using
... to river continuum concept, Vannote, Minshall, Cummins, Sedell & Cushing 1980). Within this, any changes in, or disturbance to, the functionality and structure of the riverine habitat will be reflected by responses in the functional structure of the fish community. Multi-metric indices comprise a numb ...
... to river continuum concept, Vannote, Minshall, Cummins, Sedell & Cushing 1980). Within this, any changes in, or disturbance to, the functionality and structure of the riverine habitat will be reflected by responses in the functional structure of the fish community. Multi-metric indices comprise a numb ...
Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.