Neutral theory and community ecology
... neutral theory is primarily concerned with species-rich communities (tropical forests, coral reefs) with many rare species, where the role of stochasticity at the individual scale becomes unavoidable. Attempts to unify these two theories is currently not only hampered by mathematical problems but al ...
... neutral theory is primarily concerned with species-rich communities (tropical forests, coral reefs) with many rare species, where the role of stochasticity at the individual scale becomes unavoidable. Attempts to unify these two theories is currently not only hampered by mathematical problems but al ...
Grade 8 Science Performance Level Descriptors
... conditions at the time of formation (e.g., rocks with ripple marks and moving water, basalt and volcanic activity); Apply the concept of uniformitarianism to determine the relative age of geologic features using the law of superposition, index fossils or crosscutting relationships); Use diagrams or ...
... conditions at the time of formation (e.g., rocks with ripple marks and moving water, basalt and volcanic activity); Apply the concept of uniformitarianism to determine the relative age of geologic features using the law of superposition, index fossils or crosscutting relationships); Use diagrams or ...
Developmental Psychobiology: Chap4
... were living on the islands. They were similar to finches on the American mainland and had an underlying similarity to one another (Lack , 1947) . They often displayed striking differences in morphology , however, such as bill shape and size, and behavior , such as feeding. Could it be that a few pai ...
... were living on the islands. They were similar to finches on the American mainland and had an underlying similarity to one another (Lack , 1947) . They often displayed striking differences in morphology , however, such as bill shape and size, and behavior , such as feeding. Could it be that a few pai ...
1PBIOL - PP8 (Limiting Factors) - youngs-wiki
... Abiotic Limiting Factors Temperature and precipitation are both abiotic factors that can influence where a species lives. For example, cacti thrive in dry conditions. Too much rainfall could destroy their shallow roots by flooding them or causing them to rot in unusually wet soil. ABIOTIC LIMITING F ...
... Abiotic Limiting Factors Temperature and precipitation are both abiotic factors that can influence where a species lives. For example, cacti thrive in dry conditions. Too much rainfall could destroy their shallow roots by flooding them or causing them to rot in unusually wet soil. ABIOTIC LIMITING F ...
Organisms and Their Environment
... species uses in its environment. It is how the species meets its specific needs for food and shelter. It is how and where the species survives and reproduces. A species’ niche includes all its interactions with the biotic and abiotic parts of its habitat. Two species cannot exist for long in the sam ...
... species uses in its environment. It is how the species meets its specific needs for food and shelter. It is how and where the species survives and reproduces. A species’ niche includes all its interactions with the biotic and abiotic parts of its habitat. Two species cannot exist for long in the sam ...
Geographic range of West African freshwater fishes
... point of view. these rivers form a relatively homogeneous set (HUGUENY. 1989b). Data on absence and presence were drawn from LÉVÊQUEel al. (in preparation) and TEUGELS el al. (1988). The Meme and Tabou catchments were not retained even though they are located in the region in question because of the ...
... point of view. these rivers form a relatively homogeneous set (HUGUENY. 1989b). Data on absence and presence were drawn from LÉVÊQUEel al. (in preparation) and TEUGELS el al. (1988). The Meme and Tabou catchments were not retained even though they are located in the region in question because of the ...
slides - UBC Botany
... •Ecological divergence of hybrid species predicted & all but one hybrid species exhibit some degree of ecological divergence •Karyotypic evolution predicted to contribute to reproductive independence of hybrid lineage & 6/14 hybrid species exhibit karyotypic divergence •Hybrid traits frequently caus ...
... •Ecological divergence of hybrid species predicted & all but one hybrid species exhibit some degree of ecological divergence •Karyotypic evolution predicted to contribute to reproductive independence of hybrid lineage & 6/14 hybrid species exhibit karyotypic divergence •Hybrid traits frequently caus ...
AP Biology Summer Assignment- Due Date: Wednesday, Aug 21s
... prey species. Sea urchins were shown to limit the abundance and distribution of seaweeds. Abiotic Factors Global patterns of geographic distributions are influenced by abiotic factors such as regional differences in temperature, rainfall, and light. An environment may have both spatial and temporal ...
... prey species. Sea urchins were shown to limit the abundance and distribution of seaweeds. Abiotic Factors Global patterns of geographic distributions are influenced by abiotic factors such as regional differences in temperature, rainfall, and light. An environment may have both spatial and temporal ...
Weak and variable relationships between environmental severity
... observed and simulated random co-occurrence patterns for each plot. These standardized effect sizes were correlated to indicators of environmental severity by means of linear mixed models. In a factorial design, separate analyses were made for four different indicators of environmental severity (the ...
... observed and simulated random co-occurrence patterns for each plot. These standardized effect sizes were correlated to indicators of environmental severity by means of linear mixed models. In a factorial design, separate analyses were made for four different indicators of environmental severity (the ...
2002 Benthic Ecology Meeting, Tallahassee, Florida
... control). The opportunity to test the generality of these interactions arose in the spring of 2000, when a pulse of blue mussel recruitment covered large areas (over 7,200 m2) of the benthos in Narragansett Bay to depths exceeding 7 m. The following spring we initiated a series of surveys and experi ...
... control). The opportunity to test the generality of these interactions arose in the spring of 2000, when a pulse of blue mussel recruitment covered large areas (over 7,200 m2) of the benthos in Narragansett Bay to depths exceeding 7 m. The following spring we initiated a series of surveys and experi ...
Standard 7: Select terrestrial, freshwater and marine conservation
... plant associations and obtaining such information is financially impractical; • Plant associations are not generally mapped over broad regions; • Ecological systems are more comparable in scale to information available from remote sensing; • Using ecological systems reduces the number of targets to ...
... plant associations and obtaining such information is financially impractical; • Plant associations are not generally mapped over broad regions; • Ecological systems are more comparable in scale to information available from remote sensing; • Using ecological systems reduces the number of targets to ...
Conditions when hybridization might predispose
... between purging and the evolution of coupling to loci that are under divergent ecological selection as two alternative evolutionary paths to increased mean fitness. Exploring the conditions under which coupling or purging prevails requires modelling, but I expect that weak genetic population structu ...
... between purging and the evolution of coupling to loci that are under divergent ecological selection as two alternative evolutionary paths to increased mean fitness. Exploring the conditions under which coupling or purging prevails requires modelling, but I expect that weak genetic population structu ...
Competitive dominance among sessile marine organisms in a high
... Although crustose coralline algae were the major space occupiers in this high Arctic ecosystem, they were not the competitive dominants in many of the interactions with other sessile organisms, particularly invertebrates. This is not unusual as overgrowth dominants often do not monopolize space, and ...
... Although crustose coralline algae were the major space occupiers in this high Arctic ecosystem, they were not the competitive dominants in many of the interactions with other sessile organisms, particularly invertebrates. This is not unusual as overgrowth dominants often do not monopolize space, and ...
Three selected ecological observations interpreted in
... them. As a consequence, we may find a large number of non-universal tentative generalisations in biology and ecology. Biology and ecology are more complex than physics, and it will, therefore, be much more difficult to develop an applicable, predictive ecological theory. Testing explanatory hypothes ...
... them. As a consequence, we may find a large number of non-universal tentative generalisations in biology and ecology. Biology and ecology are more complex than physics, and it will, therefore, be much more difficult to develop an applicable, predictive ecological theory. Testing explanatory hypothes ...
Ecology - Zanichelli online
... Prey have evolved defences to escape predators: senses, speed, protective body parts, and chemicals. Some species are able to deceive predators by camouflage, cryptic coloration, and mimicry. Camouflage of a Shield Mantis (also called Leaf Mantis) in the ...
... Prey have evolved defences to escape predators: senses, speed, protective body parts, and chemicals. Some species are able to deceive predators by camouflage, cryptic coloration, and mimicry. Camouflage of a Shield Mantis (also called Leaf Mantis) in the ...
The structure of N eotropical mammal communities: an appraisal of
... Patterns and processes of community organization in the tropics have intrigued biologists since the early development of theoretical ecology. Indeed, many of the major hypotheses about community structure were developed by ecologists attempting to understand the complexity of tropical systems. Hypot ...
... Patterns and processes of community organization in the tropics have intrigued biologists since the early development of theoretical ecology. Indeed, many of the major hypotheses about community structure were developed by ecologists attempting to understand the complexity of tropical systems. Hypot ...
Population dynamics of shrews on small islands
... 10 ha. Some species occur on practically every island greater than a critical size (e.g. S. araneus in Fig. 2), suggesting a minimum viable population size; other species occur more erratically (e.g. S. caecutiens in Fig. 2), suggesting that factors other than island area can be important in determi ...
... 10 ha. Some species occur on practically every island greater than a critical size (e.g. S. araneus in Fig. 2), suggesting a minimum viable population size; other species occur more erratically (e.g. S. caecutiens in Fig. 2), suggesting that factors other than island area can be important in determi ...
Vol. 21, No. 2 - North Pacific Marine Science Organization
... and often conflicting experimental data. Moreover, the few longer-term datasets that exist on HAB events in almost all cases lack the oceanographic data essential for statistical assessment. So scientific debate cannot establish a link between HABs and climate change at this time, let alone forecast ...
... and often conflicting experimental data. Moreover, the few longer-term datasets that exist on HAB events in almost all cases lack the oceanographic data essential for statistical assessment. So scientific debate cannot establish a link between HABs and climate change at this time, let alone forecast ...
Conceptual problems and scale limitations of defining ecological
... Introduction to the Looijen & van Andel model of ecological communities Looijen & van Andel (1999) provided two criteria that are linked together as their approach to defining communities. The first of these could be called ‘restricted membership’. Looijen & van Andel (1999) noted that researchers h ...
... Introduction to the Looijen & van Andel model of ecological communities Looijen & van Andel (1999) provided two criteria that are linked together as their approach to defining communities. The first of these could be called ‘restricted membership’. Looijen & van Andel (1999) noted that researchers h ...
Moving beyond assumptions to understand abundance distributions
... Distributions of abundance are non-existent currently for most taxa, yet they can provide crucial baseline data for monitoring populations and for testing hypotheses related to conservation biology and species responses to climate change. Ceballos and Ehrlich [61] emphasized that conservation effort ...
... Distributions of abundance are non-existent currently for most taxa, yet they can provide crucial baseline data for monitoring populations and for testing hypotheses related to conservation biology and species responses to climate change. Ceballos and Ehrlich [61] emphasized that conservation effort ...
Plant ecotype affects interacting organisms across multiple trophic
... Honnay et al. 2002), and climate change can disrupt habitat adaptation of populations (Parmesan 2006). To help the affected organisms survive, a number of practical measures have been suggested, from the creation of new habitats with the help of seed introduction (Hölzel et al. 2012) to the transfer ...
... Honnay et al. 2002), and climate change can disrupt habitat adaptation of populations (Parmesan 2006). To help the affected organisms survive, a number of practical measures have been suggested, from the creation of new habitats with the help of seed introduction (Hölzel et al. 2012) to the transfer ...
Distribution and status of native carnivorous land snails in the
... 1.iv.1992). Further south it occurs at all altitudes down to near sea level (e.g., A.C. OConnor Porirua 50 feet Powell 1946; Lowry Bay 20 m, M.G. Efford, 1990). Highest record is from 1474 m on the summit of Mt Pukemoremore, northern Tararua Range (G. Ramsay, 12.ii.1985, NMNZ M84487). Absent fro ...
... 1.iv.1992). Further south it occurs at all altitudes down to near sea level (e.g., A.C. OConnor Porirua 50 feet Powell 1946; Lowry Bay 20 m, M.G. Efford, 1990). Highest record is from 1474 m on the summit of Mt Pukemoremore, northern Tararua Range (G. Ramsay, 12.ii.1985, NMNZ M84487). Absent fro ...
Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.