Duties to Ecosystems
... trees replace gray birch, and beech replace maples; each on average out-competes the other in the deepening shade. In a network of invasions there is minimal integrated process. The fox, its heart, and liver together need meat and water. But the members of a biotic community have no shared needs; th ...
... trees replace gray birch, and beech replace maples; each on average out-competes the other in the deepening shade. In a network of invasions there is minimal integrated process. The fox, its heart, and liver together need meat and water. But the members of a biotic community have no shared needs; th ...
Benchmarking novel approaches for modelling species range
... hybrids (Fig. 1, Appendix S1 in Supporting Information). The simplest SDM hybrid, MigClim, supplements SDM predictions with distance-dependent colonisation probabilities (Engler & Guisan, 2009, Normand et al., 2013). However, local demographic processes including regeneration and mortality are not e ...
... hybrids (Fig. 1, Appendix S1 in Supporting Information). The simplest SDM hybrid, MigClim, supplements SDM predictions with distance-dependent colonisation probabilities (Engler & Guisan, 2009, Normand et al., 2013). However, local demographic processes including regeneration and mortality are not e ...
Pangea - Mrs. LeFevre`s Class
... Australia, and Antarctica) were one gigantic continent which scientists call Pangaea (pan-gee-uh). The name Pangaea is derived from the Ancient Greek words “pan” meaning "entire," and “Gaia” meaning "Earth." Continental drift, the process by which the continents broke apart and spread out across t ...
... Australia, and Antarctica) were one gigantic continent which scientists call Pangaea (pan-gee-uh). The name Pangaea is derived from the Ancient Greek words “pan” meaning "entire," and “Gaia” meaning "Earth." Continental drift, the process by which the continents broke apart and spread out across t ...
McPeek, M. A. 2008. Ecological factors limiting the
... of a day they consume the same total amount of food. However, they are physiologically less able to convert ingested food into their own biomass in the presence of mortality threats. These stress responses can reduce larval growth rates by more than 50% in some species, and the interspecific variati ...
... of a day they consume the same total amount of food. However, they are physiologically less able to convert ingested food into their own biomass in the presence of mortality threats. These stress responses can reduce larval growth rates by more than 50% in some species, and the interspecific variati ...
Within outlying mean indexes: refining the OMI analysis for
... To study niche dynamics, some researchers have used several distinct OMI analyses on habitat condition subsets. For example, Grüner et al. (2011) performed 40 OMI analyses (one per year) on a time series of three phytoplankton species to depict their temporal niche trajectories. Hof, Rahbek & Arau ...
... To study niche dynamics, some researchers have used several distinct OMI analyses on habitat condition subsets. For example, Grüner et al. (2011) performed 40 OMI analyses (one per year) on a time series of three phytoplankton species to depict their temporal niche trajectories. Hof, Rahbek & Arau ...
Theme 2 – Scientific Highlight
... What is it that different organisms do for ecosystem function? What is the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function anyway? (Widdicombe & Spicer. In press. Predicting the impact of Ocean acidification on benthic biodiversity: What can physiology tell us? Journal of Experimental Marin ...
... What is it that different organisms do for ecosystem function? What is the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function anyway? (Widdicombe & Spicer. In press. Predicting the impact of Ocean acidification on benthic biodiversity: What can physiology tell us? Journal of Experimental Marin ...
estimating species richness three different ways
... ants. In most terrestrial ecosystems ants are a conspicuous presence, and they are among the most commonly studied terrestrial invertebrates. They are mostly scavengers and predators, and they have large impacts on soil formation, seed predation and dispersal, and invertebrate community structure (F ...
... ants. In most terrestrial ecosystems ants are a conspicuous presence, and they are among the most commonly studied terrestrial invertebrates. They are mostly scavengers and predators, and they have large impacts on soil formation, seed predation and dispersal, and invertebrate community structure (F ...
Secondary succession in overgrazed Pannonian sandy
... Thomas & Dale 1976), but only a few studies evaluate the role of microtopography on annual-perennial dynamics (e.g., Pemadasa et al. 1974). Sandy grasslands, like many other types of grassland in the Pannonian region have undergone major compositional changes during the last few decades due to chang ...
... Thomas & Dale 1976), but only a few studies evaluate the role of microtopography on annual-perennial dynamics (e.g., Pemadasa et al. 1974). Sandy grasslands, like many other types of grassland in the Pannonian region have undergone major compositional changes during the last few decades due to chang ...
The Science of Ecology for a Sustainable World
... This word did not acquire much of its current meaning, however, until it was adopted several decades later by the Danish botanist Eugenius Warming (1841–1924). In his pioneering text on plant ecology of 1895, this scientist defined ecology as the study of “the manifold and complex relations subsisti ...
... This word did not acquire much of its current meaning, however, until it was adopted several decades later by the Danish botanist Eugenius Warming (1841–1924). In his pioneering text on plant ecology of 1895, this scientist defined ecology as the study of “the manifold and complex relations subsisti ...
Evolutionary change in human-altered environments
... adaptation. Using key empirical examples from his own work on sunflowers, as well as from fruit flies and great apes, he showed that these organisms were at the upper limit of theoretical rate of adaptation. Rieseberg provocatively closed his talk by concluding that acceleration in the rate of envir ...
... adaptation. Using key empirical examples from his own work on sunflowers, as well as from fruit flies and great apes, he showed that these organisms were at the upper limit of theoretical rate of adaptation. Rieseberg provocatively closed his talk by concluding that acceleration in the rate of envir ...
1.1 The Geographer`s Tools
... • Equator--An imaginary line that circles the globe at its widest point (halfway between the North and South poles), dividing Earth into two halves called hemispheres; used as a reference point from which north and south latitudes are measured. • Prime Meridian—runs through Greenwich, England, is 0 ...
... • Equator--An imaginary line that circles the globe at its widest point (halfway between the North and South poles), dividing Earth into two halves called hemispheres; used as a reference point from which north and south latitudes are measured. • Prime Meridian—runs through Greenwich, England, is 0 ...
Climate Change and Fish Communities: A Conceptual Framework
... possible effects of climatic warming on fishes and their habitats. However, the problem of extrapolating these or other relations to multispecies assemblages is not straightforward, given the complexity of community-level phenomena. I present a conceptual framework that views fish assemblages as pro ...
... possible effects of climatic warming on fishes and their habitats. However, the problem of extrapolating these or other relations to multispecies assemblages is not straightforward, given the complexity of community-level phenomena. I present a conceptual framework that views fish assemblages as pro ...
The Mediterranean deep-sea fauna: historical ... variations and geographical changes
... characteristics and by a relative impoverishment. Both are a result of events after the Messinian salinity crisis (Late Miocene). The three main classes of phenomena involved in producing or recording these effects are analysed and discussed: - Historical: Sequential faunal changes during the Plioce ...
... characteristics and by a relative impoverishment. Both are a result of events after the Messinian salinity crisis (Late Miocene). The three main classes of phenomena involved in producing or recording these effects are analysed and discussed: - Historical: Sequential faunal changes during the Plioce ...
Ecological Concepts, Principles and Applications
... The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity provides a similar definition for biodiversity: “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia [among other things], terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are p ...
... The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity provides a similar definition for biodiversity: “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia [among other things], terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are p ...
chapter 9 biological invasions and the homogenization of faunas
... those species that are likely to experience natural longdistance dispersal. The rate at which non-native populations are establishing around the world is consistently several orders of magnitude larger than fossil-derived estimates for natural dispersal events at the same locations. For example, the ...
... those species that are likely to experience natural longdistance dispersal. The rate at which non-native populations are establishing around the world is consistently several orders of magnitude larger than fossil-derived estimates for natural dispersal events at the same locations. For example, the ...
140818 PPR Redef of Anthroposphere R7.1
... species. We not only share the same DNA coding schema, the same proteins and the same amino acids as all of the other species, we must also ingest those other species as food. We evolved as a part of the Earth’s trophic web, in which are omnivores and top predators, and we are 100% dependent on it t ...
... species. We not only share the same DNA coding schema, the same proteins and the same amino acids as all of the other species, we must also ingest those other species as food. We evolved as a part of the Earth’s trophic web, in which are omnivores and top predators, and we are 100% dependent on it t ...
Not seeing the ocean for the islands
... forest communities. It is also important to note that edge effects, while related to the effects of reduced forest area through the ratio of edge:interior habitat, are a function of spatial configuration independent of habitat amount. Changes in abiotic conditions along edges lead typically to bioti ...
... forest communities. It is also important to note that edge effects, while related to the effects of reduced forest area through the ratio of edge:interior habitat, are a function of spatial configuration independent of habitat amount. Changes in abiotic conditions along edges lead typically to bioti ...
1091-Lec8Fraga
... Edges and animal distributions Edge effects on mammals are often +ve or neutral Why? Foraging opportunities at edge or adjacent areas + taller vegetation for other needs ...
... Edges and animal distributions Edge effects on mammals are often +ve or neutral Why? Foraging opportunities at edge or adjacent areas + taller vegetation for other needs ...
Scale-dependent distribution of soft
... of these studies is that the special features of the Baltic Sea, such as clear gradients of salinity, organic enrichment and oxygen levels, seem to be driving much of the observed community patterns over space and time (Bonsdorff & Pearson 1999, Bonsdorff 2006) and this will also apply to some exten ...
... of these studies is that the special features of the Baltic Sea, such as clear gradients of salinity, organic enrichment and oxygen levels, seem to be driving much of the observed community patterns over space and time (Bonsdorff & Pearson 1999, Bonsdorff 2006) and this will also apply to some exten ...
Biomes, Ecosystems, and Communities Worksheets
... Oceanic biomes occur in the open ocean beyond the continental shelf. There are lower concentrations of dissolved nutrients away from shore, so the oceanic zone has a lower density of organisms than the neritic zone. The oceanic zone is divided into additional zones based on water depth. • The epipel ...
... Oceanic biomes occur in the open ocean beyond the continental shelf. There are lower concentrations of dissolved nutrients away from shore, so the oceanic zone has a lower density of organisms than the neritic zone. The oceanic zone is divided into additional zones based on water depth. • The epipel ...
Why evolutionary biologists should get seriously involved in
... 2010; Hansen et al. 2012). Unfortunately, practical reality is very far from beginning to achieve this. Integrating evolutionary process requires genetic and phenotypic data for individuals within populations. This is important not only to document existing biodiversity below the species level, but ...
... 2010; Hansen et al. 2012). Unfortunately, practical reality is very far from beginning to achieve this. Integrating evolutionary process requires genetic and phenotypic data for individuals within populations. This is important not only to document existing biodiversity below the species level, but ...
How functional is functional? Ecological groupings in terrestrial
... Trait selection Effect group Response group Environmental relationships ...
... Trait selection Effect group Response group Environmental relationships ...
Maureen McClung - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... temperature, food size, etc.) determined the fundamental niche of a species, but then interactions such as competition limited species so that they occur in a smaller realized niche. The concept of a realized niche explained how two species could have similar fundamental niches and still coexist. H ...
... temperature, food size, etc.) determined the fundamental niche of a species, but then interactions such as competition limited species so that they occur in a smaller realized niche. The concept of a realized niche explained how two species could have similar fundamental niches and still coexist. H ...
Using standardized sampling designs from population ecology to
... reproduction as well as for sampling individuals for autecological experiments and genetic analysis. One might argue that studying vegetation diversity on these plots which had been selected from the perspective of population ecology cannot be more than a byproduct. On the contrary, we consider this ...
... reproduction as well as for sampling individuals for autecological experiments and genetic analysis. One might argue that studying vegetation diversity on these plots which had been selected from the perspective of population ecology cannot be more than a byproduct. On the contrary, we consider this ...
Depth segregation phenomenon and the macrofaunal diversity associated to
... equal representation of all species. 3. Results and discussion: 3.1. Length frequency distribution: The length frequency distribution and mean length variation against depth for Callista chione and Acanthocardia tuberculata populations at the two sampling areas are shown in Figure 1. In this study b ...
... equal representation of all species. 3. Results and discussion: 3.1. Length frequency distribution: The length frequency distribution and mean length variation against depth for Callista chione and Acanthocardia tuberculata populations at the two sampling areas are shown in Figure 1. In this study b ...
Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.