Darwin`s Gala´ pagos finches in modern biology
... collected these birds on the Galápagos Islands in 1835 and introduced them to science, they have been the subjects of intense research. Many biology textbooks use Darwin’s finches to illustrate a variety of topics of evolutionary theory, such as speciation, natural selection and niche partitioning. ...
... collected these birds on the Galápagos Islands in 1835 and introduced them to science, they have been the subjects of intense research. Many biology textbooks use Darwin’s finches to illustrate a variety of topics of evolutionary theory, such as speciation, natural selection and niche partitioning. ...
Outline for the next 2 weeks Habitat loss, degradation and
... Edges and animal distributions Edge effects on mammals are often +ve or neutral Why? Foraging opportunities at edge or adjacent areas + taller vegetation for other needs ...
... Edges and animal distributions Edge effects on mammals are often +ve or neutral Why? Foraging opportunities at edge or adjacent areas + taller vegetation for other needs ...
Keystone Study Guide
... Place the following levels of organization in order from smallest to largest: organ systems, cells, organelles, tissues, organisms, communities, biomes, ecosystems, biosphere, populations ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ ...
... Place the following levels of organization in order from smallest to largest: organ systems, cells, organelles, tissues, organisms, communities, biomes, ecosystems, biosphere, populations ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ ...
Criteria for Categorizing Invasive Non
... primary goals, which included the development of the criteria, a revision of the list for California and development of lists for Arizona and Nevada, and the compilation of supporting documentation on all species evaluated with the criteria. Early in the process, the committee reviewed several crite ...
... primary goals, which included the development of the criteria, a revision of the list for California and development of lists for Arizona and Nevada, and the compilation of supporting documentation on all species evaluated with the criteria. Early in the process, the committee reviewed several crite ...
Positive interactions expand habitat use and the realized niches of
... habitats, driven by habitat amelioration and associational defenses. The SGH has been widely tested by plant ecologists, typically with single species along physical stress gradients (He et al. 2013). Consumer pressure gradients and associational defenses have received little attention, as has the g ...
... habitats, driven by habitat amelioration and associational defenses. The SGH has been widely tested by plant ecologists, typically with single species along physical stress gradients (He et al. 2013). Consumer pressure gradients and associational defenses have received little attention, as has the g ...
Notes from Introduction - Forest Landscape Ecology Lab
... discrete event in time that disrupts ecosystem, community, or population structure and changes resources, substrate availability, or the physical environment." "Primary focus of LE includes: spatially heterogeneous areas, fluxes and changes of materials and energy among LS elements, human actions as ...
... discrete event in time that disrupts ecosystem, community, or population structure and changes resources, substrate availability, or the physical environment." "Primary focus of LE includes: spatially heterogeneous areas, fluxes and changes of materials and energy among LS elements, human actions as ...
Despite its inhospitable appearance and lack of
... therefore occasional guests in this habitat, to which they are generally carried by water percolating from the surface. This situation is very frequent in surface and underground karstic aquifers, with infiltration passages which are very efficient (sinkholes) or slower (like micro- and macro-fissur ...
... therefore occasional guests in this habitat, to which they are generally carried by water percolating from the surface. This situation is very frequent in surface and underground karstic aquifers, with infiltration passages which are very efficient (sinkholes) or slower (like micro- and macro-fissur ...
Minireview: The importance of benthic
... Information on the physiology of resting stages of aquatic organisms is needed because physiological and biochemical processes influence longevity and thus the potential for future recruitment from the sea bed. Dehydrated stages (e.g. Artemia cysts) are ametabolic (Clegg 1986), which greatly extends ...
... Information on the physiology of resting stages of aquatic organisms is needed because physiological and biochemical processes influence longevity and thus the potential for future recruitment from the sea bed. Dehydrated stages (e.g. Artemia cysts) are ametabolic (Clegg 1986), which greatly extends ...
AAG_Article_Titles_1942-1959
... Road and Rail in the Central Massif of France, pp. 1-14 The Surface Water Supply of American Municipalities, pp. 15-32 Small-Scale Continental Landform Maps, pp. 33-42 Upstream Storage Problems in Columbia River Power Development, pp. 43-50 France and "Les Limites Naturelles" from the Seventeenth to ...
... Road and Rail in the Central Massif of France, pp. 1-14 The Surface Water Supply of American Municipalities, pp. 15-32 Small-Scale Continental Landform Maps, pp. 33-42 Upstream Storage Problems in Columbia River Power Development, pp. 43-50 France and "Les Limites Naturelles" from the Seventeenth to ...
Ecosystems - Learning for a Sustainable Future
... foreign species into ecosystems, and altering organisms directly through selective breeding and genetic engineering45. The role of living things within ecosystems Ecosystems are better able to respond to changes and recover when they contain the greatest biodiversity at the genetic, species, and n ...
... foreign species into ecosystems, and altering organisms directly through selective breeding and genetic engineering45. The role of living things within ecosystems Ecosystems are better able to respond to changes and recover when they contain the greatest biodiversity at the genetic, species, and n ...
CoML Atlas Squid Draft: c. 3500 words CoML/CAML Atlas
... has been found in the gut contents of sperm whales as far north as southern Africa and Australia (Clarke, 1980; Filippova, 2002). It is possible that the whales had taken them further south but it is equally conceivable that the squid extends northwards in Antarctic deep water. Given the extremely l ...
... has been found in the gut contents of sperm whales as far north as southern Africa and Australia (Clarke, 1980; Filippova, 2002). It is possible that the whales had taken them further south but it is equally conceivable that the squid extends northwards in Antarctic deep water. Given the extremely l ...
table - cabi-isc
... This form should be completed electronically, but please save the text sections followed by all references (for text and tables) in a separate file. A checklist of the text sections and suggested subheadings is repeated at the end of this form. See Instructions to Authors for further information. Pl ...
... This form should be completed electronically, but please save the text sections followed by all references (for text and tables) in a separate file. A checklist of the text sections and suggested subheadings is repeated at the end of this form. See Instructions to Authors for further information. Pl ...
Biodiversity in grasslands: current changes and scenarios for the
... l changes in energy and material transfers (e.g. individual plant growth and nutrient mineralization); l changes in species composition (e.g. addition of crops and weeds) and substances (i.e. agrochemicals, principally pesticides and fertilizers); and l changes in the disturbance regime (e.g. cultiv ...
... l changes in energy and material transfers (e.g. individual plant growth and nutrient mineralization); l changes in species composition (e.g. addition of crops and weeds) and substances (i.e. agrochemicals, principally pesticides and fertilizers); and l changes in the disturbance regime (e.g. cultiv ...
The community of an individual: implications for the community
... at different time periods. Organisms that substantially change size may also increase in the number of individuals with which they simultaneously interact. For a focal individual, therefore, communities are represented by a dynamic turnover of individuals with which it interacts that may represent v ...
... at different time periods. Organisms that substantially change size may also increase in the number of individuals with which they simultaneously interact. For a focal individual, therefore, communities are represented by a dynamic turnover of individuals with which it interacts that may represent v ...
American Scientist A reprint from
... Figure 1. The blind cave tetra, Astyanax fasciatus, shows a classic morphological emblem of life in permanent darkness, eyelessness. Darwin himself tried to explain what he called rudimentation, or loss of morphological apparatus through evolution underground. Recent field work in biospeleology and ...
... Figure 1. The blind cave tetra, Astyanax fasciatus, shows a classic morphological emblem of life in permanent darkness, eyelessness. Darwin himself tried to explain what he called rudimentation, or loss of morphological apparatus through evolution underground. Recent field work in biospeleology and ...
A hands-on activity to introduce the effects of transmission by an
... the food web and add EAB. This helps stress the impact that EAB has not only on trees but on entire ecosystems. Some questions that might be addressed by students, particularly at the older grade level, include (1) At what trophic level does the invasive species exist? (2) Which species occupy the s ...
... the food web and add EAB. This helps stress the impact that EAB has not only on trees but on entire ecosystems. Some questions that might be addressed by students, particularly at the older grade level, include (1) At what trophic level does the invasive species exist? (2) Which species occupy the s ...
Habitat productivity constrains the distribution of social spiders
... is particularly scarce. Thus, the quantity of food supply at certain life-stages might be more important than the constancy of prey. While food and predators are widely recognised as two major factors underlying the formation of groups, the evolution of cooperative breeding is not necessarily facili ...
... is particularly scarce. Thus, the quantity of food supply at certain life-stages might be more important than the constancy of prey. While food and predators are widely recognised as two major factors underlying the formation of groups, the evolution of cooperative breeding is not necessarily facili ...
AP Biology
... The Mesohippus, Merychippus, and Pliohippus are all thought to be transitional fossils, documenting the evolution of the Eohippus into the ...
... The Mesohippus, Merychippus, and Pliohippus are all thought to be transitional fossils, documenting the evolution of the Eohippus into the ...
Biological Collections From The Marine Ecosystem
... Our overall approach was to collect organisms using a sampling plan developed from previous work at Amchitka and in the Aleutians, modified to reflect foods eaten by Aleuts and caught for commercial fisheries, and to provide information needed for developing a long term biomonitoring/stewardship pla ...
... Our overall approach was to collect organisms using a sampling plan developed from previous work at Amchitka and in the Aleutians, modified to reflect foods eaten by Aleuts and caught for commercial fisheries, and to provide information needed for developing a long term biomonitoring/stewardship pla ...
a full - British Ecological Society
... among populations in different local habitats. The scale of the local habitat depends upon the taxon in question. It may be a lOOm2 old field for an assemblage of herbivorous insects, a 1-ha pond for dragonflies or salamanders, or a several hectare woodland for a guild of foliage-gleaning birds. The ...
... among populations in different local habitats. The scale of the local habitat depends upon the taxon in question. It may be a lOOm2 old field for an assemblage of herbivorous insects, a 1-ha pond for dragonflies or salamanders, or a several hectare woodland for a guild of foliage-gleaning birds. The ...
- Wiley Online Library
... these potential outcomes. Future models should evaluate multiple species, species interactions other than competition, and multiple traits. Future experiments should manipulate factors such as genetic variation and dispersal to determine their joint effects on responses to climate change. Currently, ...
... these potential outcomes. Future models should evaluate multiple species, species interactions other than competition, and multiple traits. Future experiments should manipulate factors such as genetic variation and dispersal to determine their joint effects on responses to climate change. Currently, ...
A crucial step toward realism: responses to climate
... these potential outcomes. Future models should evaluate multiple species, species interactions other than competition, and multiple traits. Future experiments should manipulate factors such as genetic variation and dispersal to determine their joint effects on responses to climate change. Currently, ...
... these potential outcomes. Future models should evaluate multiple species, species interactions other than competition, and multiple traits. Future experiments should manipulate factors such as genetic variation and dispersal to determine their joint effects on responses to climate change. Currently, ...
Species interactions, local and regional processes, and limits to the
... dragonflies or salamanders, or a several hectare woodland for a guild of foliage-gleaning birds. The scale of the local habitat will generally increase for taxa having larger body sizes and wider home ranges. The distinction between local and regional spatial scales is important because the relative ...
... dragonflies or salamanders, or a several hectare woodland for a guild of foliage-gleaning birds. The scale of the local habitat will generally increase for taxa having larger body sizes and wider home ranges. The distinction between local and regional spatial scales is important because the relative ...
Stable coexistence of ecologically identical species: conspecific
... In general, coexistence among competitors requires that intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition (Chesson 2000). In spatially structured populations, this can happen if the spatial distributions of the species are not completely correlated. In the 1980s, several researche ...
... In general, coexistence among competitors requires that intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition (Chesson 2000). In spatially structured populations, this can happen if the spatial distributions of the species are not completely correlated. In the 1980s, several researche ...
PDF
... jaguars are dominant over pumas. Despite it is difficult to detect the intraguild predator phenomenon between solitary, forested and low-density species such as jaguars and pumas, there are records of jaguars killing pumas in areas of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina [27–30]. Thus coexisting at a region ...
... jaguars are dominant over pumas. Despite it is difficult to detect the intraguild predator phenomenon between solitary, forested and low-density species such as jaguars and pumas, there are records of jaguars killing pumas in areas of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina [27–30]. Thus coexisting at a region ...
Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.