Reading Quiz - AP Environmental Science
... the arrival of zebra mussels because a. Waste from zebra mussels promotes bacterial growth that kills zooplankton b. Zebra mussels prey on zooplankton c. Zebra mussels feed on cyanobacteria, which zooplankton need as a food resource d. Zebra mussels block sunlight penetration into lakes and thus pre ...
... the arrival of zebra mussels because a. Waste from zebra mussels promotes bacterial growth that kills zooplankton b. Zebra mussels prey on zooplankton c. Zebra mussels feed on cyanobacteria, which zooplankton need as a food resource d. Zebra mussels block sunlight penetration into lakes and thus pre ...
Mass Extinctions
... • On land a total breakdown of terrestrial ecosystems occurred. Most vertebrate and plant groups went extinct. • The Earth came close to a pre-Ediacaran (Late Proterozoic) state – i.e., being nearly devoid of multicellular animal and plant life. • Cause(s) of the extinction are not totally known, bu ...
... • On land a total breakdown of terrestrial ecosystems occurred. Most vertebrate and plant groups went extinct. • The Earth came close to a pre-Ediacaran (Late Proterozoic) state – i.e., being nearly devoid of multicellular animal and plant life. • Cause(s) of the extinction are not totally known, bu ...
Chapter 9
... a. Certain species are more vulnerable to habitat fragmentation. These tend to be those that are rare, require a large range, or have low reproductive capacity. SCIENCE FOCUS: Tropical forests are generally very diverse. As these forests are fragmented, there is growing concern over the loss of biod ...
... a. Certain species are more vulnerable to habitat fragmentation. These tend to be those that are rare, require a large range, or have low reproductive capacity. SCIENCE FOCUS: Tropical forests are generally very diverse. As these forests are fragmented, there is growing concern over the loss of biod ...
East Melanesian Islands ecosystem profile
... of plant and animal endemism and accelerating levels of habitat loss. The chief causes include widespread commercial logging and mining, expansion of subsistence and plantation agriculture, population increase and the impacts of climate change and variability. As well as being a biodiversity hotspot ...
... of plant and animal endemism and accelerating levels of habitat loss. The chief causes include widespread commercial logging and mining, expansion of subsistence and plantation agriculture, population increase and the impacts of climate change and variability. As well as being a biodiversity hotspot ...
To what extent do natural disturbances contribute to Andean plant
... However, natural (micro-) successions are also part of the microscale level. Such dynamic processes result from stressing and perturbative effects. They are of both recent as well as local impact for diversity structures. Thus, the following examines accordant aspects in detail. ...
... However, natural (micro-) successions are also part of the microscale level. Such dynamic processes result from stressing and perturbative effects. They are of both recent as well as local impact for diversity structures. Thus, the following examines accordant aspects in detail. ...
Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress
... d.f. ¼ 1, 93, P , 0.001. For the nine locations where plants were harvested, RNEbiomass was 20.22 ^ 0.02 (1 s.e.) at the low sites and þ0.25 ^ 0.02 at the high sites. For the nine locations where leaf growth rates were measured RNEleaf growth was 0.33 ^ 0.02 (1 s.e.) at the low sites and þ0.16 ^ 0.0 ...
... d.f. ¼ 1, 93, P , 0.001. For the nine locations where plants were harvested, RNEbiomass was 20.22 ^ 0.02 (1 s.e.) at the low sites and þ0.25 ^ 0.02 at the high sites. For the nine locations where leaf growth rates were measured RNEleaf growth was 0.33 ^ 0.02 (1 s.e.) at the low sites and þ0.16 ^ 0.0 ...
Evolutionary conservation—evaluating the adaptive potential of
... Species–Species interaction and the adaptive potential Clearly, there is growing interest in understanding how species–species interactions can affect the adaptive potential of the different partners. The classic example is the one of host–parasite interaction. Despite decades of research, we still ...
... Species–Species interaction and the adaptive potential Clearly, there is growing interest in understanding how species–species interactions can affect the adaptive potential of the different partners. The classic example is the one of host–parasite interaction. Despite decades of research, we still ...
Biodiversity: Concepts, Patterns, and Measurement
... history. The same or analogous factors structure biodiversity in the sea. If you were to keep track of the plant or bird species encountered, in the form of a species accumulation curve, during a long walk in a forest followed by a long walk in an adjacent grassland, the curve would first rise quick ...
... history. The same or analogous factors structure biodiversity in the sea. If you were to keep track of the plant or bird species encountered, in the form of a species accumulation curve, during a long walk in a forest followed by a long walk in an adjacent grassland, the curve would first rise quick ...
James A. Estes , 301 (2011); DOI: 10.1126/science.1205106
... Fig. 2. Landscape-level effects of trophic cascades from four terrestrial ecosystems. (A) Upland habitat of islands with (right) and without (left) Arctic foxes in the Aleutian archipelago. Foxes drive terrestrial ecosystems from grasslands to tundra by limiting seabirds and thereby reducing nutrien ...
... Fig. 2. Landscape-level effects of trophic cascades from four terrestrial ecosystems. (A) Upland habitat of islands with (right) and without (left) Arctic foxes in the Aleutian archipelago. Foxes drive terrestrial ecosystems from grasslands to tundra by limiting seabirds and thereby reducing nutrien ...
Compassionate Conservation
... • Likely that hunting has negative conservation outcomes • One animal killed does not save prey individuals unless it coincides with a population reduction ...
... • Likely that hunting has negative conservation outcomes • One animal killed does not save prey individuals unless it coincides with a population reduction ...
Chapter 4: Nature - Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland
... shape the landscape in which we live. These humanmediated environmental and land use changes can have wide-ranging influences on biodiversity which need to be considered and managed. ...
... shape the landscape in which we live. These humanmediated environmental and land use changes can have wide-ranging influences on biodiversity which need to be considered and managed. ...
Conservation on an Island Biodiversity Hotspot
... on Kapikua. This is a concern because during the dry season it is important that water from the cloud forest reaches the lower elevations where it is needed for irrigation, power generation, and drinking water. Recently, there have been reports of pollution problems with the water supply in another ...
... on Kapikua. This is a concern because during the dry season it is important that water from the cloud forest reaches the lower elevations where it is needed for irrigation, power generation, and drinking water. Recently, there have been reports of pollution problems with the water supply in another ...
The Brigalow Belt Bioregion
... bright green canopy species that are highly visible among the more silvery brigalow communities. These patches are a dry adapted form of rainforest, relics of a much wetter past. What are the issues? Nature conservation in the region has received increasing attention because of the rapid and extensi ...
... bright green canopy species that are highly visible among the more silvery brigalow communities. These patches are a dry adapted form of rainforest, relics of a much wetter past. What are the issues? Nature conservation in the region has received increasing attention because of the rapid and extensi ...
Notes towards Biodiversity Chapter 3
... colours) and their homozygous (one colour) and heterozygous offspring. The picture is simplified to show only one gene expressing a single trait. The proportion of heterozygosity depends on: the evolutionary rates of the proteins or DNA used to measure the variability, the breeding system of the org ...
... colours) and their homozygous (one colour) and heterozygous offspring. The picture is simplified to show only one gene expressing a single trait. The proportion of heterozygosity depends on: the evolutionary rates of the proteins or DNA used to measure the variability, the breeding system of the org ...
Andrews Forest LTER Biodiversity Research - lterdev
... experimental manipulations, and chronosequences; examination of compositional and diversity patterns along environmental gradients; changes in forest structural diversity with consideration of tree biomass, size, and condition, as well as horizontal and vertical spatial heterogeneity; effects ...
... experimental manipulations, and chronosequences; examination of compositional and diversity patterns along environmental gradients; changes in forest structural diversity with consideration of tree biomass, size, and condition, as well as horizontal and vertical spatial heterogeneity; effects ...
NotesChapter4
... colours) and their homozygous (one colour) and heterozygous offspring. The picture is simplified to show only one gene expressing a single trait. The proportion of heterozygosity depends on: the evolutionary rates of the proteins or DNA used to measure the variability, the breeding system of the org ...
... colours) and their homozygous (one colour) and heterozygous offspring. The picture is simplified to show only one gene expressing a single trait. The proportion of heterozygosity depends on: the evolutionary rates of the proteins or DNA used to measure the variability, the breeding system of the org ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 311:273
... marine zooplankton and phytoplankton show unimodal relationships with their own biomass (Irigoien et al. 2004), much like what is seen in terrestrial systems (Mittelbach et al. 2003). Marine ecosystems are experiencing rates of change similar to major terrestrial biomes (Balmford et al. 2002). And b ...
... marine zooplankton and phytoplankton show unimodal relationships with their own biomass (Irigoien et al. 2004), much like what is seen in terrestrial systems (Mittelbach et al. 2003). Marine ecosystems are experiencing rates of change similar to major terrestrial biomes (Balmford et al. 2002). And b ...
Learn More - Garden Africa
... Cape, with the estimated industry worth over R250 million. A study undertaken in the Africulture Project’s target area found that approximately 525 tons (valued at about £2,250,000) of 166 medicinal plants are used annually. Of the species documented, 93% were being harvested unsustainably and 34 sp ...
... Cape, with the estimated industry worth over R250 million. A study undertaken in the Africulture Project’s target area found that approximately 525 tons (valued at about £2,250,000) of 166 medicinal plants are used annually. Of the species documented, 93% were being harvested unsustainably and 34 sp ...
The poverty of the protists
... lines may converge in fitness but differ in the genetic basis of adaptation. This result has been reported from a range of other systems involving bacteria, virus and artificial life. Although there may be several possible outcomes when the same selection pressure is applied to the same genotype, ho ...
... lines may converge in fitness but differ in the genetic basis of adaptation. This result has been reported from a range of other systems involving bacteria, virus and artificial life. Although there may be several possible outcomes when the same selection pressure is applied to the same genotype, ho ...
ENV 107
... External agents such as radiation or certain toxic organic chemicals, comes in contact with DNA and alters it. ...
... External agents such as radiation or certain toxic organic chemicals, comes in contact with DNA and alters it. ...
Biotic or Living components - Info by Kiruba (SKN)
... Food web • Food web can be defined as, "a network of food chains which are interconnected at various trophic levels, • so as to form a number of feeding connections amongst different organisms of a biotic community". • Food webs are indispensable in ecosystems as they allow an organism to obtain it ...
... Food web • Food web can be defined as, "a network of food chains which are interconnected at various trophic levels, • so as to form a number of feeding connections amongst different organisms of a biotic community". • Food webs are indispensable in ecosystems as they allow an organism to obtain it ...
A World of Difference
... For the U.S. forest, there are lots of each kind of bean. Almost every acre has at least one of each bean. In the tropical rainforest, each acre is very different in bean composition — no two acres are exactly (even closely) alike. 2. Why do you think a greater variety of beans and seeds were used i ...
... For the U.S. forest, there are lots of each kind of bean. Almost every acre has at least one of each bean. In the tropical rainforest, each acre is very different in bean composition — no two acres are exactly (even closely) alike. 2. Why do you think a greater variety of beans and seeds were used i ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.