DNA Barcoding Poster - Urban Barcode Project
... Ecological succession is the change that an ecosystem goes through over a period of time. It can happen after a large disaster, and the ecosystem goes through a progression to rebuild itself. In ecological succession, some species that once lived in the ecosystem may cease to exist, while other spec ...
... Ecological succession is the change that an ecosystem goes through over a period of time. It can happen after a large disaster, and the ecosystem goes through a progression to rebuild itself. In ecological succession, some species that once lived in the ecosystem may cease to exist, while other spec ...
pdf - Gunnar Brehm
... measures of local diversity. At single sites, up to 292 species were observed, and extrapolation estimates range from 244 to 445 species. Values for Fisher’s alpha are among the highest ever measured for this moth family, and range from 69 to 131 per site. In contrast to theoretical assumptions and ...
... measures of local diversity. At single sites, up to 292 species were observed, and extrapolation estimates range from 244 to 445 species. Values for Fisher’s alpha are among the highest ever measured for this moth family, and range from 69 to 131 per site. In contrast to theoretical assumptions and ...
Topic 1 1.1.1: Outline the concept and characteristics of a system 1
... 1.1.10: Evaluate the Strengths and limitations of models •Used when we can’t accurately measure the real event •Models are hard with the environment because there are so many interacting variables – but nothing else could do better •Allows us to predict likelihood of events •They are approximations ...
... 1.1.10: Evaluate the Strengths and limitations of models •Used when we can’t accurately measure the real event •Models are hard with the environment because there are so many interacting variables – but nothing else could do better •Allows us to predict likelihood of events •They are approximations ...
ESM 201
... or herbivores/predators? Related readings: Gotelli, p. 126-143; Pace et al. 1999. Trophic cascades revealed in diverse ecosystems. TREE ...
... or herbivores/predators? Related readings: Gotelli, p. 126-143; Pace et al. 1999. Trophic cascades revealed in diverse ecosystems. TREE ...
Levin, S. A. 1998. Ecosystems and the biosphere as complex
... coevolution of earth's biotic and abiotic parts. But such a view does not rest comfortablywith population biologists, because it seems to be based on group selective principles operating at levels far above those of the primaryunits of selection (Ehrlich 1991). The recognition of the biosphere and o ...
... coevolution of earth's biotic and abiotic parts. But such a view does not rest comfortablywith population biologists, because it seems to be based on group selective principles operating at levels far above those of the primaryunits of selection (Ehrlich 1991). The recognition of the biosphere and o ...
In search of a real definition of the biological invasion phenomenon
... recipient communities/ecosystems will tend on average to be higher when number of native species is lower. Consequently, impact, which varies greatly depending on multiple factors, is an unsuitable criterion for defining a phenomenon that is stable and constant by nature; in this case, biological in ...
... recipient communities/ecosystems will tend on average to be higher when number of native species is lower. Consequently, impact, which varies greatly depending on multiple factors, is an unsuitable criterion for defining a phenomenon that is stable and constant by nature; in this case, biological in ...
Grassland Biomes - Films On Demand
... This program correlates with the National Science Education Standards developed by the National Academies of Sciences, Project 2061 Benchmarks for Science Literacy from the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the National Geography Standards from the National Geographic Society. ...
... This program correlates with the National Science Education Standards developed by the National Academies of Sciences, Project 2061 Benchmarks for Science Literacy from the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the National Geography Standards from the National Geographic Society. ...
IBES study guide whole syllabus (2)
... 1.1.10: Evaluate the Strengths and limitations of models •Used when we can’t accurately measure the real event •Models are hard with the environment because there are so many interacting variables – but nothing else could do better •Allows us to predict likelihood of events •They are approximations ...
... 1.1.10: Evaluate the Strengths and limitations of models •Used when we can’t accurately measure the real event •Models are hard with the environment because there are so many interacting variables – but nothing else could do better •Allows us to predict likelihood of events •They are approximations ...
WB Ecosystems
... hierarchy. ◆ A species is a group of closely related organisms that can reproduce with one another. ◆ All the members of a species within an ecosystem are referred to as a population. ◆ Populations of different species that interact in a specific ecosystem form a community. ● ...
... hierarchy. ◆ A species is a group of closely related organisms that can reproduce with one another. ◆ All the members of a species within an ecosystem are referred to as a population. ◆ Populations of different species that interact in a specific ecosystem form a community. ● ...
Weeds and the monitoring of biodiversity in Australian rangelands
... mosambicensis (Hackel) Dandy and the legumes Stylosanthes hamata (L) Taub. and S. scabra Vogel, was associated with reduced numbers of native species at plot and quadrat scales. This is also a case in which the exotic species were deliberately sown and the effects of their presence cannot be separat ...
... mosambicensis (Hackel) Dandy and the legumes Stylosanthes hamata (L) Taub. and S. scabra Vogel, was associated with reduced numbers of native species at plot and quadrat scales. This is also a case in which the exotic species were deliberately sown and the effects of their presence cannot be separat ...
Relationships between biodiversity and
... (Benton et al., 2003). Donald et al. (2001) showed that bird populations in the UK declined with increases in cereal and milk yields along with fertilizer and tractor usage. Cereal yields alone explained 31% of the variability in declining bird populations, suggesting that intensification of a single ...
... (Benton et al., 2003). Donald et al. (2001) showed that bird populations in the UK declined with increases in cereal and milk yields along with fertilizer and tractor usage. Cereal yields alone explained 31% of the variability in declining bird populations, suggesting that intensification of a single ...
Intertidal Fauna
... The inter‐tidal area of Marine National Park in Gujarat, one of the richest in marine biodiversity in the country, covers an area of 163 sq km and includes an archipelago of 42 islands. Out of these, the ongoing study of BNHS marine conservation programme focuses on two ...
... The inter‐tidal area of Marine National Park in Gujarat, one of the richest in marine biodiversity in the country, covers an area of 163 sq km and includes an archipelago of 42 islands. Out of these, the ongoing study of BNHS marine conservation programme focuses on two ...
Overexploiting marine ecosystem engineers
... Furthermore, overfishing can create trophic cascades in marine communities that cause similar declines in species richness. These effects are compounded by indirect effects on habitat that occur through removal of ecological or ecosystem engineers. Mass removal of species that restructure the archit ...
... Furthermore, overfishing can create trophic cascades in marine communities that cause similar declines in species richness. These effects are compounded by indirect effects on habitat that occur through removal of ecological or ecosystem engineers. Mass removal of species that restructure the archit ...
A cross-system meta-analysis reveals coupled predation effects on
... meta-analysis of prey diversity and biomass responses to local manipulation of predator presence. We found 291 predator removal experiments from 87 studies assessing both diversity and biomass responses. Across ecosystem types, predator presence significantly decreased both biomass and diversity of ...
... meta-analysis of prey diversity and biomass responses to local manipulation of predator presence. We found 291 predator removal experiments from 87 studies assessing both diversity and biomass responses. Across ecosystem types, predator presence significantly decreased both biomass and diversity of ...
The Impacts of Invasive Plant Species on Human Health
... well being, but the impacts of invasive plant species on the health of human communities is a topic that hasn’t received much attention. Before I discuss this issue further, defining what makes a spe ...
... well being, but the impacts of invasive plant species on the health of human communities is a topic that hasn’t received much attention. Before I discuss this issue further, defining what makes a spe ...
Protected area
... terrestrial and inland water areas. The marine realm was considerably less well protected with only 1.6% of the global ocean area under protection 3. Aichi Target 11 calls for at least 17% of the world’s terrestrial areas and 10% of coastal and marine areas to be effectively and equitably managed by ...
... terrestrial and inland water areas. The marine realm was considerably less well protected with only 1.6% of the global ocean area under protection 3. Aichi Target 11 calls for at least 17% of the world’s terrestrial areas and 10% of coastal and marine areas to be effectively and equitably managed by ...
Nature Unbound: Chapter 8
... bird species than deciduous forests, which have ground, understory and canopy vegetation layers (Figure 8.6). They reasoned that more layers of vegetation provide more niches for a greater diversity of species. This relationship holds up for a number of different organisms and habitats. Coral reefs, ...
... bird species than deciduous forests, which have ground, understory and canopy vegetation layers (Figure 8.6). They reasoned that more layers of vegetation provide more niches for a greater diversity of species. This relationship holds up for a number of different organisms and habitats. Coral reefs, ...
Seral Stages across Forested Landscapes: Relationships to
... Seral stages and biodiversity The diversity of species and their total numbers vary greatly with successional stage (see Figure ). Generally, the early herb/shrub (establishment) and mature to old-growth (transition to shifting mosaic) stages contain the greatest number of species. This pattern is ...
... Seral stages and biodiversity The diversity of species and their total numbers vary greatly with successional stage (see Figure ). Generally, the early herb/shrub (establishment) and mature to old-growth (transition to shifting mosaic) stages contain the greatest number of species. This pattern is ...
Ecosystems - Learning for a Sustainable Future
... foreign species into ecosystems, and altering organisms directly through selective breeding and genetic engineering45. The role of living things within ecosystems Ecosystems are better able to respond to changes and recover when they contain the greatest biodiversity at the genetic, species, and n ...
... foreign species into ecosystems, and altering organisms directly through selective breeding and genetic engineering45. The role of living things within ecosystems Ecosystems are better able to respond to changes and recover when they contain the greatest biodiversity at the genetic, species, and n ...
Two Decades of Homage to Santa Rosalia: Toward a General
... one trophic level to the next. He points out that body size and life history characteristics limit the trophic roles that certain species can play. He notes that the enormous diversity of terrestrial animals, which is much greater than that of aquatic ones, can probably be attributed not only to the ...
... one trophic level to the next. He points out that body size and life history characteristics limit the trophic roles that certain species can play. He notes that the enormous diversity of terrestrial animals, which is much greater than that of aquatic ones, can probably be attributed not only to the ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: It is time for dispersal
... In many cases, the community species pool represents a subsample of the local or regional species pool due to dispersal limitation (Zobel 1997; Pärtel et al. 2000). The experimental introduction of the missing members of the regional pool into a local community may identify the intensity of dispersa ...
... In many cases, the community species pool represents a subsample of the local or regional species pool due to dispersal limitation (Zobel 1997; Pärtel et al. 2000). The experimental introduction of the missing members of the regional pool into a local community may identify the intensity of dispersa ...
Case studies in biogeography
... Organisms: Hylid frogs (tree frogs) Smith et al. investigate phylogenies and diversity patterns of clades of Holarctic tree frogs. They test the hypothesis that within-group diversity increases toward lower latitudes. While tree frogs have their global diversity maximum in the tropics (mainly due to ...
... Organisms: Hylid frogs (tree frogs) Smith et al. investigate phylogenies and diversity patterns of clades of Holarctic tree frogs. They test the hypothesis that within-group diversity increases toward lower latitudes. While tree frogs have their global diversity maximum in the tropics (mainly due to ...
Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second
... Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity In the NICHE model the following processes have been regarded as common to all zooplankton populations: the ontogenetic development through specifiable discrete stages the recruitment into ...
... Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity In the NICHE model the following processes have been regarded as common to all zooplankton populations: the ontogenetic development through specifiable discrete stages the recruitment into ...
WETLAND EXPLORATION: MAMMAL EMPHASIS
... Benchmark C: Describe interactions of matter and energy throughout the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere (water cycle, weather, and pollution). Grade Seven: Earth Systems 2. Explain that Earth's capacity to absorb and recycle materials naturally (e.g., smoke, smog and sewage) can change the en ...
... Benchmark C: Describe interactions of matter and energy throughout the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere (water cycle, weather, and pollution). Grade Seven: Earth Systems 2. Explain that Earth's capacity to absorb and recycle materials naturally (e.g., smoke, smog and sewage) can change the en ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.