Entomology in Ecuador - Horizon documentation-IRD
... he Neotropical region has long been recognized as supporting one of the highest levels of biological diversity in the world. Insects are particularly abundant and species rich in many Neotropical ecosystems, yet the extent of this diversity, the factors that govern its distribution and the degree of ...
... he Neotropical region has long been recognized as supporting one of the highest levels of biological diversity in the world. Insects are particularly abundant and species rich in many Neotropical ecosystems, yet the extent of this diversity, the factors that govern its distribution and the degree of ...
this PDF file - Journal of Insect Biodiversity
... Abstract: The Orthoptera have inhabited the Earth for ca 300 million years and today include about 25,000 described species. Although orthopterans are mainly known to the general public by their most conspicuous species such as rangeland grasshoppers, locusts, katydids and crickets, they include an ...
... Abstract: The Orthoptera have inhabited the Earth for ca 300 million years and today include about 25,000 described species. Although orthopterans are mainly known to the general public by their most conspicuous species such as rangeland grasshoppers, locusts, katydids and crickets, they include an ...
Biodiversity, Functioning - School of Natural Resources and
... relationships. However, these patterns may differ between green (living plant-based) and brown (detrital-based) food webs. A recent meta-analysis of top-down and bottom-up effects in detrital food webs (Srivastava et al., 2009) showed that detrital processing (top-down effects) was increased by high ...
... relationships. However, these patterns may differ between green (living plant-based) and brown (detrital-based) food webs. A recent meta-analysis of top-down and bottom-up effects in detrital food webs (Srivastava et al., 2009) showed that detrital processing (top-down effects) was increased by high ...
Plant genotypic diversity reduces the rate of consumer resource
... were gone but leaves had not yet dropped from the plants, we surveyed the quantity of beetle leaf damage. We did not observe any leaves dropped due to herbivory over the course of the growing season. We placed an acetate sheet printed with a 1 cm2 grid over each leaf of every plant in the experiment ...
... were gone but leaves had not yet dropped from the plants, we surveyed the quantity of beetle leaf damage. We did not observe any leaves dropped due to herbivory over the course of the growing season. We placed an acetate sheet printed with a 1 cm2 grid over each leaf of every plant in the experiment ...
DIVERSITY OF A NORTHERN ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY
... Notes: The methods are broken down into two large groups: samples processed in the lab and those where measurements were taken in the field. The total count does not equal the number of published studies included, as some studies use more than one method. Field studies commonly used two methods to d ...
... Notes: The methods are broken down into two large groups: samples processed in the lab and those where measurements were taken in the field. The total count does not equal the number of published studies included, as some studies use more than one method. Field studies commonly used two methods to d ...
- Vision Landwirtschaft
... Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible. This principle points out that the health of individuals and communities cannot be separated from the health of ecosystems - healthy soils produce healthy crops that foster the ...
... Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible. This principle points out that the health of individuals and communities cannot be separated from the health of ecosystems - healthy soils produce healthy crops that foster the ...
Final Report - Rufford Small Grants
... do however; illustrate the problems and issues well and working remedies to solve them. An integrated approach to mangrove management through coherent policy development and concerted action is increasingly being regarded as the best way to achieve conservation and sustainable use of the coastal res ...
... do however; illustrate the problems and issues well and working remedies to solve them. An integrated approach to mangrove management through coherent policy development and concerted action is increasingly being regarded as the best way to achieve conservation and sustainable use of the coastal res ...
Cohabitation promotes high diversity of clownfishes in the Coral
... Through mechanisms such as niche differentiation [3], including social and behavioural specializations [4] and resource partitioning (e.g. space and habitat use), coexistence of different species can occur [5]. Despite extensive studies into the variation in physiological, morphological and demograp ...
... Through mechanisms such as niche differentiation [3], including social and behavioural specializations [4] and resource partitioning (e.g. space and habitat use), coexistence of different species can occur [5]. Despite extensive studies into the variation in physiological, morphological and demograp ...
Inconsistent impacts of decomposer diversity on the stability of
... evaluate the consequences for mankind (e.g., Naeem and Li 1997; Yachi and Loreau 1999; Balvanera et al. 2006). Beginning with predictions by MacArthur (1955) and Elton (1958), biodiversity has been shown to govern various aspects of ecosystem stability, such as temporal stability (Tilman et al. 2006 ...
... evaluate the consequences for mankind (e.g., Naeem and Li 1997; Yachi and Loreau 1999; Balvanera et al. 2006). Beginning with predictions by MacArthur (1955) and Elton (1958), biodiversity has been shown to govern various aspects of ecosystem stability, such as temporal stability (Tilman et al. 2006 ...
[PDF 253.96KB]
... processes and the provision of ecosystem services. The putative link between species composition and maintenance of ecosystem processes is widely debated as is the debate regarding whether species diversity or functional diversity is the main controlling factor in any relationship observed (Tilman e ...
... processes and the provision of ecosystem services. The putative link between species composition and maintenance of ecosystem processes is widely debated as is the debate regarding whether species diversity or functional diversity is the main controlling factor in any relationship observed (Tilman e ...
A 15-Myr-Old Genetic Bottleneck - University of California San Diego
... (Takahata 1990; Vekemans and Slatkin 1994). This prediction has been confirmed by studies of self-recognition loci such as the MHC loci of jawed vertebrates (Klein et al. 1993) and the mating compatibility loci of both fungi (Muirhead et al. 2002) and plants (Ioerger et al. 1990; Richman and Kohn 20 ...
... (Takahata 1990; Vekemans and Slatkin 1994). This prediction has been confirmed by studies of self-recognition loci such as the MHC loci of jawed vertebrates (Klein et al. 1993) and the mating compatibility loci of both fungi (Muirhead et al. 2002) and plants (Ioerger et al. 1990; Richman and Kohn 20 ...
The Economic and Social Aspects of Biodiversity Benefits and Costs
... within the soil. A huge variety of innumerable creatures perform this service, of which we use the example of earthworms as a keystone species. Biodiversity is also essential to the pollination on which a wide range of crops, including forage plants, depend. It is also vital to pest control, without ...
... within the soil. A huge variety of innumerable creatures perform this service, of which we use the example of earthworms as a keystone species. Biodiversity is also essential to the pollination on which a wide range of crops, including forage plants, depend. It is also vital to pest control, without ...
Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes
... the effects of manipulated access of birds and bats to our 15 cacao agroforestry study sites which differed in local shade tree management and distance to primary forest. The effects of single or simultaneous bird and bat exclusions are related to an unmanipulated control treatment on each site. The ...
... the effects of manipulated access of birds and bats to our 15 cacao agroforestry study sites which differed in local shade tree management and distance to primary forest. The effects of single or simultaneous bird and bat exclusions are related to an unmanipulated control treatment on each site. The ...
The Ecology of Invasions and The Invasions of Ecology
... suppressions. To be sure, some past management operations had been successful, but the reasons for their effectiveness at the time were obscure at best. The futility of extensive invasion control attempts, such as those launched against Water Hyacinth in Zimbabwe and South Africa, had demonstrated t ...
... suppressions. To be sure, some past management operations had been successful, but the reasons for their effectiveness at the time were obscure at best. The futility of extensive invasion control attempts, such as those launched against Water Hyacinth in Zimbabwe and South Africa, had demonstrated t ...
Integrating Biosystematic Data into Conservation Planning
... Abstract.—In this paper we explore the role that biosystematists can play in conservation planning. Conservation planning concerns the location and design of reserves that both represent the biodiversity of a region and enable the persistence of that biodiversity by maintaining key ecological and ev ...
... Abstract.—In this paper we explore the role that biosystematists can play in conservation planning. Conservation planning concerns the location and design of reserves that both represent the biodiversity of a region and enable the persistence of that biodiversity by maintaining key ecological and ev ...
IBAs in Danger - Birdlife Australia
... staff a role dedicated to assist local land managers within the range of the Plainswanderer to manage habitat for the species. 7. The NSW and Australian Governments and Cessnock City Council to permanently protect the important breeding habitat of the Critically Endangered Regent Honeyeater from imm ...
... staff a role dedicated to assist local land managers within the range of the Plainswanderer to manage habitat for the species. 7. The NSW and Australian Governments and Cessnock City Council to permanently protect the important breeding habitat of the Critically Endangered Regent Honeyeater from imm ...
Interactions between sea urchin grazing and prey diversity on
... (e.g., 0, 4, and 7 urchins per plot; 11, 14, and 18; etc. in the case of the high-urchin-density experiment). Each of the 15 plots in each block was assigned to one of three groups of sessile species richness based on our initial surveys: low (10–16 species), medium (17–23), and high (24–30). We the ...
... (e.g., 0, 4, and 7 urchins per plot; 11, 14, and 18; etc. in the case of the high-urchin-density experiment). Each of the 15 plots in each block was assigned to one of three groups of sessile species richness based on our initial surveys: low (10–16 species), medium (17–23), and high (24–30). We the ...
biod10
... of and supervising the ecosystem, that is simple enough, but why does the ecosystem need managing. It seems to have done rather well for itself over the last billion years. The answer is simple; we want to use the ecosystem’s resources and still have them available to us in the future. Indeed, we ha ...
... of and supervising the ecosystem, that is simple enough, but why does the ecosystem need managing. It seems to have done rather well for itself over the last billion years. The answer is simple; we want to use the ecosystem’s resources and still have them available to us in the future. Indeed, we ha ...
1: Summary and Options for Congress
... Box I-A.—What Is Biological Diversity? Biological diversity refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur. Diversity can be defined as the number of different items and their relative frequency. For biological diversity, these items are ...
... Box I-A.—What Is Biological Diversity? Biological diversity refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur. Diversity can be defined as the number of different items and their relative frequency. For biological diversity, these items are ...
Download PDF (3.8 MB)
... has a beautiful song. used by traditional cultures never make it into our drugstores, but they have great value in promoting health and curing disease. Someday, we may want to know more about them. ...
... has a beautiful song. used by traditional cultures never make it into our drugstores, but they have great value in promoting health and curing disease. Someday, we may want to know more about them. ...
Specially Protected Areas in the Mediterranean
... lagoons, dunes, thousands of islands and isles, reefs, sandy beaches and rocky coasts. The marine areas have vital habitats which are favourable for the development of a flourishing biodiversity with posidonia meadows, submarine caves and belts of calcareous algae. The regional ecosystem is characte ...
... lagoons, dunes, thousands of islands and isles, reefs, sandy beaches and rocky coasts. The marine areas have vital habitats which are favourable for the development of a flourishing biodiversity with posidonia meadows, submarine caves and belts of calcareous algae. The regional ecosystem is characte ...
Changes in a Red Sea Coral Community Structure: A Long
... localities. Twenty-one transects (each 10 m long) were surveyed on the reefflat of the nature reserve and 12 transects on the control reef. The exact locations of the transeqs at both sites were carefully marked by stainless steel nails, which enabled the same transects to be resurveyed in the follo ...
... localities. Twenty-one transects (each 10 m long) were surveyed on the reefflat of the nature reserve and 12 transects on the control reef. The exact locations of the transeqs at both sites were carefully marked by stainless steel nails, which enabled the same transects to be resurveyed in the follo ...
the Biodiversity Plan - Western Port Biosphere Reserve
... The Plan has been driven by community expectations and willingness to participate in envisioning an improved living landscape. It has also been directed and informed by targeted scientific research and analyses, which is combined into one concise plan. The audience for the Plan is all Western Port B ...
... The Plan has been driven by community expectations and willingness to participate in envisioning an improved living landscape. It has also been directed and informed by targeted scientific research and analyses, which is combined into one concise plan. The audience for the Plan is all Western Port B ...
Low Levels of Nucleotide Diversity at Homoeologous Adh Loci in
... system for studying molecular evolution of genes duplicated by allopolyploidy. The five tetraploid Gossypium species (n 5 26) are a monophyletic assemblage derived from a single allopolyploidization event that occurred approximately 1–2 MYA (Wendel 1989; Seelanan, Schnabel, and Wendel 1997; Small et ...
... system for studying molecular evolution of genes duplicated by allopolyploidy. The five tetraploid Gossypium species (n 5 26) are a monophyletic assemblage derived from a single allopolyploidization event that occurred approximately 1–2 MYA (Wendel 1989; Seelanan, Schnabel, and Wendel 1997; Small et ...
Ecosystems at Risk
... An ecosystem is defined as a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. ...
... An ecosystem is defined as a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.