Nature Conservation Service: Biodiversity Conservation Appraisal
... In conventional conservation and land management practices, and in the absence of appropriate knowledge and management tools, there is a tendency for managers and other investors to assume that biodiversity benefits will naturally follow if funds, and other inputs, are directed at a general range of ...
... In conventional conservation and land management practices, and in the absence of appropriate knowledge and management tools, there is a tendency for managers and other investors to assume that biodiversity benefits will naturally follow if funds, and other inputs, are directed at a general range of ...
SUCCULENT KAROO ECOSYSTEM PROGRAMME
... believed to occur in the area, of which about 50 species ±10% are endemic to the Sperrgebiet. Dozens of highly restricted plants, some endemic to single mountains, may remain unclassified. We may expect this high plant endemism to be correlated with high insect endemism, through co evolutionary asso ...
... believed to occur in the area, of which about 50 species ±10% are endemic to the Sperrgebiet. Dozens of highly restricted plants, some endemic to single mountains, may remain unclassified. We may expect this high plant endemism to be correlated with high insect endemism, through co evolutionary asso ...
Ecological monitoring in Cambridge Bay
... these model organisms, we can make inferences about the entire ecosystem without needing to study every component individually (Danks 1992, 1997). Still, a set of baseline data must first be established in order to have a comparison to base future studies on. ...
... these model organisms, we can make inferences about the entire ecosystem without needing to study every component individually (Danks 1992, 1997). Still, a set of baseline data must first be established in order to have a comparison to base future studies on. ...
Hypotheses on the role of the protistan rare biosphere in a changing
... particular environment. As a consequence of this incredible diversity, the species richness of most natural protistan assemblages is still poorly characterized. One question that has arisen from these studies is whether the taxa comprising the rare biosphere play significant roles in community funct ...
... particular environment. As a consequence of this incredible diversity, the species richness of most natural protistan assemblages is still poorly characterized. One question that has arisen from these studies is whether the taxa comprising the rare biosphere play significant roles in community funct ...
Community Ecology, BIOL 7083 – Fall 2003
... Wright, Justin P., Alexander S. Flecker & Clive G. Jones. 2003. Local vs. landscape controls on plant species richness in beaver meadows. Ecology 84:3162-3173. Discussion 2 Brown, James H. & Diane W. Davidson. 1977. Competition between seed-eating rodents and ants in desert ecosystems. Science 196:8 ...
... Wright, Justin P., Alexander S. Flecker & Clive G. Jones. 2003. Local vs. landscape controls on plant species richness in beaver meadows. Ecology 84:3162-3173. Discussion 2 Brown, James H. & Diane W. Davidson. 1977. Competition between seed-eating rodents and ants in desert ecosystems. Science 196:8 ...
keeping options alive - World Resources Report
... well-being. The breadth of the concept reflects the interrelatedness of genes, species, and ecosystems. Because genes are the components of species, and species are the components of ecosystems, altering the make-up of any level of this hierarchy can change the others. Therefore, whether the goal is ...
... well-being. The breadth of the concept reflects the interrelatedness of genes, species, and ecosystems. Because genes are the components of species, and species are the components of ecosystems, altering the make-up of any level of this hierarchy can change the others. Therefore, whether the goal is ...
here - Caroni Swamp RDI
... The main objective of this study is to assess the silky anteater’s population within the swamp and determine its density distribution per km2. The Line Transect method would be conducted to survey the silky anteater’s population. This method is widely used as an observational technique for estimatin ...
... The main objective of this study is to assess the silky anteater’s population within the swamp and determine its density distribution per km2. The Line Transect method would be conducted to survey the silky anteater’s population. This method is widely used as an observational technique for estimatin ...
Ch. 43 Text
... Corridors can also have harmful effects, for example, promoting the spread of disease In areas of heavy human use, artificial corridors are ...
... Corridors can also have harmful effects, for example, promoting the spread of disease In areas of heavy human use, artificial corridors are ...
Biological Diversity - FIU Faculty Websites
... In practice, this approach is routinely impossible for two reasons. First, the number of individuals that must be sampled to reach an asymptote can often be prohibitively large (Chao et al. 2009). The problem is most severe in the tropics, where species diversity is high and most species are rare. F ...
... In practice, this approach is routinely impossible for two reasons. First, the number of individuals that must be sampled to reach an asymptote can often be prohibitively large (Chao et al. 2009). The problem is most severe in the tropics, where species diversity is high and most species are rare. F ...
pdf. - Robert Colwell
... In practice, this approach is routinely impossible for two reasons. First, the number of individuals that must be sampled to reach an asymptote can often be prohibitively large (Chao et al. 2009). The problem is most severe in the tropics, where species diversity is high and most species are rare. F ...
... In practice, this approach is routinely impossible for two reasons. First, the number of individuals that must be sampled to reach an asymptote can often be prohibitively large (Chao et al. 2009). The problem is most severe in the tropics, where species diversity is high and most species are rare. F ...
modeling the role of primary productivity disruption in end
... 1998; Wignall, 2001), but none is supported by conclusive evidence. The uncertainty surrounding the trigger for the end-Permian event reflects the fact that very few unique mechanisms have been associated definitively with mass extinctions, the notable exception being the asteroid impact at the end ...
... 1998; Wignall, 2001), but none is supported by conclusive evidence. The uncertainty surrounding the trigger for the end-Permian event reflects the fact that very few unique mechanisms have been associated definitively with mass extinctions, the notable exception being the asteroid impact at the end ...
American Journal of Botan
... engaged (Dyer et al., 2010). Some species may disproportionately facilitate biodiversity through their interactions with other species. In most ecosystems, species interactions form a vast network whose nodes and links are variable in space and time (Ings et al., 2009). For example, Petanidou et al. ...
... engaged (Dyer et al., 2010). Some species may disproportionately facilitate biodiversity through their interactions with other species. In most ecosystems, species interactions form a vast network whose nodes and links are variable in space and time (Ings et al., 2009). For example, Petanidou et al. ...
Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions
... Resistance/recovery: In the context used here these refer to the tendency of ecosystem function provision to remain stable in the face of environmental perturbation or the tendency to rapidly return to preperturbation levels. Response traits: Attributes that influence the persistence of individuals ...
... Resistance/recovery: In the context used here these refer to the tendency of ecosystem function provision to remain stable in the face of environmental perturbation or the tendency to rapidly return to preperturbation levels. Response traits: Attributes that influence the persistence of individuals ...
A synthesis of subdisciplines: predator–prey interactions, and
... i¼1 bij , is independent of r. This implies that there is an inherent trade-off so that consumers can capture a lot of one resource or a little of many different resources, but not a lot of all resources. Note that within any system, we assume that the peak capture rates of all consumer species on t ...
... i¼1 bij , is independent of r. This implies that there is an inherent trade-off so that consumers can capture a lot of one resource or a little of many different resources, but not a lot of all resources. Note that within any system, we assume that the peak capture rates of all consumer species on t ...
Biodiversity - Pinelands Preservation Alliance
... oaks, the heath family, three wildflowers that have their worldwide stronghold in the Pine Barrens, the orchids, and the carnivorous plants found here. Oaks are the second-most dominant tree in Pine Barren. Several species of oak thrive in this environment. Like the pines, oaks in the Pine Plains re ...
... oaks, the heath family, three wildflowers that have their worldwide stronghold in the Pine Barrens, the orchids, and the carnivorous plants found here. Oaks are the second-most dominant tree in Pine Barren. Several species of oak thrive in this environment. Like the pines, oaks in the Pine Plains re ...
The meaning of functional trait composition of food webs for
... trait-based approaches apply to food webs, and more generally to interaction networks. The difficulty arising with animals is their involvement in complex interaction networks, making it hard to measure and understand the role of functional structure and diversity. The theory developed for plants is ...
... trait-based approaches apply to food webs, and more generally to interaction networks. The difficulty arising with animals is their involvement in complex interaction networks, making it hard to measure and understand the role of functional structure and diversity. The theory developed for plants is ...
The meaning of functional trait composition of food webs for
... trait-based approaches apply to food webs, and more generally to interaction networks. The difficulty arising with animals is their involvement in complex interaction networks, making it hard to measure and understand the role of functional structure and diversity. The theory developed for plants is ...
... trait-based approaches apply to food webs, and more generally to interaction networks. The difficulty arising with animals is their involvement in complex interaction networks, making it hard to measure and understand the role of functional structure and diversity. The theory developed for plants is ...
Environmental context determines multi-trophic effects of consumer species loss
... The role of consumers includes both direct and indirect effects on lower trophic levels (Wootton, 1994) and recent work has yielded important insights into the direct and indirect effects of consumer species loss on ecosystem functioning and stability (O’Connor & Bruno, 2007; Griffin et al., 2008; O ...
... The role of consumers includes both direct and indirect effects on lower trophic levels (Wootton, 1994) and recent work has yielded important insights into the direct and indirect effects of consumer species loss on ecosystem functioning and stability (O’Connor & Bruno, 2007; Griffin et al., 2008; O ...
Landscapes and species-analyzing the ecological Gaps
... Protected areas (PAs) have long been recognized as the key tool to combating biodiversity loss. Globally over 12 percent of terrestrial surface is currently assigned as PAs. Still we see an increasing loss of the world’s biological heritage, the species. Clearly something is missing and many efforts ...
... Protected areas (PAs) have long been recognized as the key tool to combating biodiversity loss. Globally over 12 percent of terrestrial surface is currently assigned as PAs. Still we see an increasing loss of the world’s biological heritage, the species. Clearly something is missing and many efforts ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... Textbook Reference: 57.3 What Patterns of Species Diversity Have Ecologists Observed? Page: 1210 Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating 31. Three species of grasshoppers are found in a transect: 10 of species A, 15 of species B, and 25 of species C. What is the Shannon diversity index of this transect? (No ...
... Textbook Reference: 57.3 What Patterns of Species Diversity Have Ecologists Observed? Page: 1210 Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating 31. Three species of grasshoppers are found in a transect: 10 of species A, 15 of species B, and 25 of species C. What is the Shannon diversity index of this transect? (No ...
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRODUCTIVITY AND SPECIES
... The notion that productivity (rate of conversion of resources to biomass per unit area per unit time) affects species richness can be traced to at least the mid-1960s (45, 106, 113, 153). Nonetheless, the causal mechanisms behind the patterns between productivity and species diversity, as well as th ...
... The notion that productivity (rate of conversion of resources to biomass per unit area per unit time) affects species richness can be traced to at least the mid-1960s (45, 106, 113, 153). Nonetheless, the causal mechanisms behind the patterns between productivity and species diversity, as well as th ...
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRODUCTIVITY AND SPECIES
... The notion that productivity (rate of conversion of resources to biomass per unit area per unit time) affects species richness can be traced to at least the mid-1960s (45, 106, 113, 153). Nonetheless, the causal mechanisms behind the patterns between productivity and species diversity, as well as th ...
... The notion that productivity (rate of conversion of resources to biomass per unit area per unit time) affects species richness can be traced to at least the mid-1960s (45, 106, 113, 153). Nonetheless, the causal mechanisms behind the patterns between productivity and species diversity, as well as th ...
Speciation and patterns of biodiversity
... Diversity is measured by counting species. This is not a straightforward process for several reasons, and the complexities should be kept in mind when analysing patterns of diversity. Counting species is relatively easy when there is a tight association between species identity and easily measured t ...
... Diversity is measured by counting species. This is not a straightforward process for several reasons, and the complexities should be kept in mind when analysing patterns of diversity. Counting species is relatively easy when there is a tight association between species identity and easily measured t ...
Open Access
... sometimes exceed that of vascular plants in tropical rainforests, at least at small spatial scales (Wilson et al. 2012). Particularly in the Nordic countries, semi-natural grasslands are highly significant for the overall biodiversity in agricultural landscapes (Cousins and Lindborg 2008). Biodivers ...
... sometimes exceed that of vascular plants in tropical rainforests, at least at small spatial scales (Wilson et al. 2012). Particularly in the Nordic countries, semi-natural grasslands are highly significant for the overall biodiversity in agricultural landscapes (Cousins and Lindborg 2008). Biodivers ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.