2 How to measure genetic variation
... After initial enthusiasm over this idea much scepticism has been raised. In 1988, Russell Lande wrote an influential paper (Lande 1988) in which he discussed the arguments for and against demographic versus genetic reasons for extinction of endangered populations: “Theory and empirical examples sugg ...
... After initial enthusiasm over this idea much scepticism has been raised. In 1988, Russell Lande wrote an influential paper (Lande 1988) in which he discussed the arguments for and against demographic versus genetic reasons for extinction of endangered populations: “Theory and empirical examples sugg ...
Evolution - Free
... species were unrelated and fixed, their similarities reflecting divine design for functional needs. In the meantime, Ray’s ideas of benevolent design had been developed by William Paley into the Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity (1802), which proposed complex a ...
... species were unrelated and fixed, their similarities reflecting divine design for functional needs. In the meantime, Ray’s ideas of benevolent design had been developed by William Paley into the Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity (1802), which proposed complex a ...
on the opportunity for sexual selection, the bateman gradient and
... If precopulatory sexual selection arises as a consequence of competition for access to mates, then the currency of sexual selection should be the number of mates or the number of offspring produced during a selection episode. For example, a selection episode could be a particular breeding season. In ...
... If precopulatory sexual selection arises as a consequence of competition for access to mates, then the currency of sexual selection should be the number of mates or the number of offspring produced during a selection episode. For example, a selection episode could be a particular breeding season. In ...
DARWINISM AND LAMARCKISM BEFORE AND AFTER WEISMANN
... evolutionary phenomena was comprised of elements of Lamarck’s Zoological Philosophy and Darwin’s Origins of Species. Working scientists, and Darwin himself, took the presence of widespread variation and heritability of that variation to be an issue properly addressed only with appeal to the Inherita ...
... evolutionary phenomena was comprised of elements of Lamarck’s Zoological Philosophy and Darwin’s Origins of Species. Working scientists, and Darwin himself, took the presence of widespread variation and heritability of that variation to be an issue properly addressed only with appeal to the Inherita ...
The geographic mosaic in predispersal interactions and selection on
... hypothesizing the causal relationships between three groups of variables: maternal fecundity (target variable), interactors’ incidence (intermediate variables directly influencing plant fecundity), and plant traits (independent variables) (see Mitchell, 1992, 1993; Shipley, 1997; Gó mez & Zamora, 2 ...
... hypothesizing the causal relationships between three groups of variables: maternal fecundity (target variable), interactors’ incidence (intermediate variables directly influencing plant fecundity), and plant traits (independent variables) (see Mitchell, 1992, 1993; Shipley, 1997; Gó mez & Zamora, 2 ...
Ever Since Darwin - A Website About Stephen Jay Gould`s Essays
... reproduce – and even if it were, more than a rhetorical claim of analogy would be required to prove it. The underlying importance of natural selection in the Darwinist paradigm, Bethell notes (and Gould agrees), is that it is responsible for the creation of new species. Variation is present and very ...
... reproduce – and even if it were, more than a rhetorical claim of analogy would be required to prove it. The underlying importance of natural selection in the Darwinist paradigm, Bethell notes (and Gould agrees), is that it is responsible for the creation of new species. Variation is present and very ...
Repeated evolution of reproductive isolation in a marine snail
... mosaic-like pattern with narrow hybrid zones in between, over which gene flow is 10 –30% of within-ecotype gene flow. Multi-locus comparisons cluster populations by geographic affinity independent of ecotype, while loci under selection group populations by ecotype. The repeated occurrence of partial ...
... mosaic-like pattern with narrow hybrid zones in between, over which gene flow is 10 –30% of within-ecotype gene flow. Multi-locus comparisons cluster populations by geographic affinity independent of ecotype, while loci under selection group populations by ecotype. The repeated occurrence of partial ...
here - Imedea
... of the latter forces them to spread the risk of emergence over time, and (4) the effect of emergence time may depend upon the experimental conditions (field vs. controlled experiments in a greenhouse or laboratory). Our results show that early emergence differentially affects components of plant fit ...
... of the latter forces them to spread the risk of emergence over time, and (4) the effect of emergence time may depend upon the experimental conditions (field vs. controlled experiments in a greenhouse or laboratory). Our results show that early emergence differentially affects components of plant fit ...
Evolution 65:2258-2272
... Grant 2008). This adaptive diversification is thought to have then driven the evolution of reproductive barriers between the species (Schluter 2000; Grant and Grant 2008). Among the important reproductive barriers are ecological selection against hybrids (Grant and Grant 1993, 2008) and assortative ...
... Grant 2008). This adaptive diversification is thought to have then driven the evolution of reproductive barriers between the species (Schluter 2000; Grant and Grant 2008). Among the important reproductive barriers are ecological selection against hybrids (Grant and Grant 1993, 2008) and assortative ...
Mating type and pheromone genes in the species complex: an evolutionary perspective
... and, therefore, the potential for gene flow will inevitably lead to speciation (Dobzhansky ...
... and, therefore, the potential for gene flow will inevitably lead to speciation (Dobzhansky ...
Density cycles and an offspring quantity and quality game driven by
... In contrast, yellow females laying large eggs had more progeny that survived to maturity than those laying small eggs. Throat colour was heritable between dams and daughters (h2 0:48, F 1;116 6:92, P 0:001). Dam's throat colour was also genetically correlated with daughter's clutch size (Gt;s ...
... In contrast, yellow females laying large eggs had more progeny that survived to maturity than those laying small eggs. Throat colour was heritable between dams and daughters (h2 0:48, F 1;116 6:92, P 0:001). Dam's throat colour was also genetically correlated with daughter's clutch size (Gt;s ...
2011 - Anthony Herrel
... Grant 2008). This adaptive diversification is thought to have then driven the evolution of reproductive barriers between the species (Schluter 2000; Grant and Grant 2008). Among the important reproductive barriers are ecological selection against hybrids (Grant and Grant 1993, 2008) and assortative ...
... Grant 2008). This adaptive diversification is thought to have then driven the evolution of reproductive barriers between the species (Schluter 2000; Grant and Grant 2008). Among the important reproductive barriers are ecological selection against hybrids (Grant and Grant 1993, 2008) and assortative ...
toward an evolutionary definition of cheating
... the drongos are manipulating the babblers and the meerkats to perform what would normally be a cooperative response to an alarm call. A second example is when cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus) take a bite from the fish client, rather than eating/cleaning the parasites off them (Bshary and Grutter ...
... the drongos are manipulating the babblers and the meerkats to perform what would normally be a cooperative response to an alarm call. A second example is when cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus) take a bite from the fish client, rather than eating/cleaning the parasites off them (Bshary and Grutter ...
Koinophilia - Current Science
... Koinophilia has several important evolutionary consequences, or effects. For instance, the existence of several closely related sympatric species such as cheetahs, lions and leopards in the face of a complete absence of intermediate phenotypes, presents a nagging problem in evolution. What evolution ...
... Koinophilia has several important evolutionary consequences, or effects. For instance, the existence of several closely related sympatric species such as cheetahs, lions and leopards in the face of a complete absence of intermediate phenotypes, presents a nagging problem in evolution. What evolution ...
Toward open-ended evolutionary robotics - laral
... In this paper we will discuss how some of the current limitations can be overcome and we will present a new ER framework that, within the current state of the art of technology, might potentially lead to an open-ended evolutionary process. In section 3, we will discuss the limitations of the curren ...
... In this paper we will discuss how some of the current limitations can be overcome and we will present a new ER framework that, within the current state of the art of technology, might potentially lead to an open-ended evolutionary process. In section 3, we will discuss the limitations of the curren ...
Migration and the Genetic Covariance between Habitat Preference
... we would like to know whether migration plays an important role in determining how covariances evolve or whether pleiotropy is the dominant factor. In a more specific context, we are interested in understanding the causes of variation in the genetic covariance between habitat preference and traits c ...
... we would like to know whether migration plays an important role in determining how covariances evolve or whether pleiotropy is the dominant factor. In a more specific context, we are interested in understanding the causes of variation in the genetic covariance between habitat preference and traits c ...
Unit B Ecosystems, Populations - Penhold Crossing Secondary School
... Which of the following scientists was associated with forming the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? A. Thomas Malthus B. Charles Lyell C. Jean Baptiste Lamarck D. Charles Darwin Adaptations are A. the result of natural selection B. the change in the characteristics that are most common in th ...
... Which of the following scientists was associated with forming the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? A. Thomas Malthus B. Charles Lyell C. Jean Baptiste Lamarck D. Charles Darwin Adaptations are A. the result of natural selection B. the change in the characteristics that are most common in th ...
(political) origin of “corporate governance” species
... from Darwin and evolutionary biology), individuals are ‘fixed/exogenous types’: their rational decisions stand only for rational adaptation to a given environment, and changes occur only through random mutations or alien invasions. In contrast, this paper takes into account an idea of Lamarckian art ...
... from Darwin and evolutionary biology), individuals are ‘fixed/exogenous types’: their rational decisions stand only for rational adaptation to a given environment, and changes occur only through random mutations or alien invasions. In contrast, this paper takes into account an idea of Lamarckian art ...
The struggle for existence. How the notion of carrying capacity, K
... have been particularly intractable due to a tendency for logistic and related models of population growth to deceive their users. The problem is not with demographic theory itself, but with our interpretation of particular formulations that include a 'carrying capacity' parameter, K. It is possible ...
... have been particularly intractable due to a tendency for logistic and related models of population growth to deceive their users. The problem is not with demographic theory itself, but with our interpretation of particular formulations that include a 'carrying capacity' parameter, K. It is possible ...
Salmonberry Habitat
... In 2009, the K-12 Science Learning Standards were formally adopted. Along with the new standards, the legislature provided direction for the redesign of the assessment system. The Measurements of Student Progress (MSP) replaced the Washington Assessment of Student Learning (WASL) and assessed the ne ...
... In 2009, the K-12 Science Learning Standards were formally adopted. Along with the new standards, the legislature provided direction for the redesign of the assessment system. The Measurements of Student Progress (MSP) replaced the Washington Assessment of Student Learning (WASL) and assessed the ne ...
the tortoise and the cactus – teacher handout
... Rabida, Pinzon, Santa Fe, and Santa Maria probably used to have turtles. Their Opuntia are the arborescent forms. Question: Predict how the Opuntia on these islands may change now that they do not have to live with turtles. They may become decumbent because they no longer have the selective pressure ...
... Rabida, Pinzon, Santa Fe, and Santa Maria probably used to have turtles. Their Opuntia are the arborescent forms. Question: Predict how the Opuntia on these islands may change now that they do not have to live with turtles. They may become decumbent because they no longer have the selective pressure ...
Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes
... al. 2000). It has become clear that Fisher’s theory was incomplete; with Kimura (1970) pointing out that Fisher overlooked the fact that slightly favourable mutations must escape stochastic loss when rare. Despite mutations of small effect having greater probabilities of being favourable, they suff ...
... al. 2000). It has become clear that Fisher’s theory was incomplete; with Kimura (1970) pointing out that Fisher overlooked the fact that slightly favourable mutations must escape stochastic loss when rare. Despite mutations of small effect having greater probabilities of being favourable, they suff ...
STANDARDS LESSONS Science Benchmark
... Evolution is central to modern science’s understanding of the living world. The basic idea of biological evolution is that Earth’s present day species developed from earlier species. Evolutionary processes allow some species to survive with little or no change, some to die out altogether, and other ...
... Evolution is central to modern science’s understanding of the living world. The basic idea of biological evolution is that Earth’s present day species developed from earlier species. Evolutionary processes allow some species to survive with little or no change, some to die out altogether, and other ...
Cladistic analysis or cladistic classification?
... The task of the creator of classifications, thus, is t o find the best possible “general reference system”. However, one can and should be more specific: a classification, in contradistinction t o an identification scheme, functions as a biological theory (with all the explanatory, predictive, and h ...
... The task of the creator of classifications, thus, is t o find the best possible “general reference system”. However, one can and should be more specific: a classification, in contradistinction t o an identification scheme, functions as a biological theory (with all the explanatory, predictive, and h ...
plants are more than the sum of their parts
... Inflorescences, axes bearing flowers, also are essentially metameric; a basic pattern of development is expressed repeatedly as each new flower meristem is initiated. Although features of flowers are considered to be highly invariant within individuals and even within species [7], both qualitative a ...
... Inflorescences, axes bearing flowers, also are essentially metameric; a basic pattern of development is expressed repeatedly as each new flower meristem is initiated. Although features of flowers are considered to be highly invariant within individuals and even within species [7], both qualitative a ...