Review Hemoglobin function under extreme life conditions
... most zero as Y tends to 1.0. This result should be considered with the very low habitat temperature (down to -40°C) experienced by these animals during the year. We suggest that the physical fitness of these reindeer can in part be attributed to the unusual thermodynamic properties of their hemoglob ...
... most zero as Y tends to 1.0. This result should be considered with the very low habitat temperature (down to -40°C) experienced by these animals during the year. We suggest that the physical fitness of these reindeer can in part be attributed to the unusual thermodynamic properties of their hemoglob ...
variations in variation and selection: the ubiquity
... We will illustrate the involvement of variation and selection processes and perspectives in phenomena at several levels and explanations of several forms. Variation and selection is particularly apt, and apt to be necessary, whenever a process that is otherwise unconstrained in fact satisfies some c ...
... We will illustrate the involvement of variation and selection processes and perspectives in phenomena at several levels and explanations of several forms. Variation and selection is particularly apt, and apt to be necessary, whenever a process that is otherwise unconstrained in fact satisfies some c ...
Fitness effects of thermal stress differ between outcrossing
... predicted to be fitter than offspring of selfing hermaphrodites (cf. Anderson et al. 2010). Altogether, this suggests that males should be easily lost from populations - which is supported by the results of experiments performed under standard laboratory conditions (Steward and Plillips 2002; Chasno ...
... predicted to be fitter than offspring of selfing hermaphrodites (cf. Anderson et al. 2010). Altogether, this suggests that males should be easily lost from populations - which is supported by the results of experiments performed under standard laboratory conditions (Steward and Plillips 2002; Chasno ...
SURFACE: detecting convergent evolution from comparative data by
... Convergent evolution is among the most powerful lines of evidence for the power of natural selection to shape organisms to their environment (Simpson 1953; Harvey & Pagel 1991; Losos 2011). The repeated evolution of similar phenotypes in similar environments implies a deterministic aspect of phenoty ...
... Convergent evolution is among the most powerful lines of evidence for the power of natural selection to shape organisms to their environment (Simpson 1953; Harvey & Pagel 1991; Losos 2011). The repeated evolution of similar phenotypes in similar environments implies a deterministic aspect of phenoty ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, Fifth Edition
... Charles Darwin made a round-the-world sea voyage as a naturalist on HMS Beagle in the 1830s Darwin observed similarities between living and fossil organisms and the diversity of life on the Galápagos Islands Darwin's experiences during the voyage helped him frame his ideas about evolution Lye ...
... Charles Darwin made a round-the-world sea voyage as a naturalist on HMS Beagle in the 1830s Darwin observed similarities between living and fossil organisms and the diversity of life on the Galápagos Islands Darwin's experiences during the voyage helped him frame his ideas about evolution Lye ...
Convergent and divergent character displacement
... preceded sympatry on the grounds that the species were formed in allopatry (Mayr, 1963), particularly if the systematic relationship of the species is so close that they were probably derived directly and fairly recently from a common ancestor. But where the allopatric zone of one or both species is ...
... preceded sympatry on the grounds that the species were formed in allopatry (Mayr, 1963), particularly if the systematic relationship of the species is so close that they were probably derived directly and fairly recently from a common ancestor. But where the allopatric zone of one or both species is ...
Speciation Speciation Speciation Speciation
... Without a geographic barrier, gene flow may swamp out genetic differences that arise within a population. If, however, the population is distributed over space and: • little gene flow occurs between distant locations and • there is an environmental gradient favoring different genetic combinations in ...
... Without a geographic barrier, gene flow may swamp out genetic differences that arise within a population. If, however, the population is distributed over space and: • little gene flow occurs between distant locations and • there is an environmental gradient favoring different genetic combinations in ...
Robustness and Evolvability
... canalization is the extent to which phenotypes remain constant in the face of specified environmental and/or genetic perturbations. Decanalization is the breakdown of this robustness by a large perturbation, leading to a sudden increase in phenotypic variation. Capacitor: analogous to electrical cap ...
... canalization is the extent to which phenotypes remain constant in the face of specified environmental and/or genetic perturbations. Decanalization is the breakdown of this robustness by a large perturbation, leading to a sudden increase in phenotypic variation. Capacitor: analogous to electrical cap ...
Niche construction in evolutionary theory: the construction
... than the equilibrium value p1*. In that case, in the next generation, p1 will increase. This increase ...
... than the equilibrium value p1*. In that case, in the next generation, p1 will increase. This increase ...
- Philsci-Archive
... tionary theory, or any scientific theory in general, is claimed to be causal or non-causal by the participants of the debate. First, evolutionary theory has been said to be causal (or non-causal) for it involves explicit (no) causal assumptions. According to statisticalists, the core principles of ...
... tionary theory, or any scientific theory in general, is claimed to be causal or non-causal by the participants of the debate. First, evolutionary theory has been said to be causal (or non-causal) for it involves explicit (no) causal assumptions. According to statisticalists, the core principles of ...
The Evolutionary Biology of Decision Making
... in decision making. For instance, what information does the chimpanzee use to decide when to leave, and how does she acquire this information? Regrettably, the functional and mechanistic studies of decision making have remained largely separate endeavors, with many behavioral biologists and psycholo ...
... in decision making. For instance, what information does the chimpanzee use to decide when to leave, and how does she acquire this information? Regrettably, the functional and mechanistic studies of decision making have remained largely separate endeavors, with many behavioral biologists and psycholo ...
Altitudinal patterns for longevity, fecundity and senescence in
... 70 KD heat-shock protein, which clinally varies in its heat-induced expression (Sørensen et al., 2005b). Clinal patterns of senescence might potentially shift with high temperature and/or other factors because of genotype-by-environment interactions. In studies of geographic variation in longevity, ...
... 70 KD heat-shock protein, which clinally varies in its heat-induced expression (Sørensen et al., 2005b). Clinal patterns of senescence might potentially shift with high temperature and/or other factors because of genotype-by-environment interactions. In studies of geographic variation in longevity, ...
Lecture
... • Darwin was influenced by Thomas Malthus who noted the potential for human population to increase faster than food supplies and other resources • If some heritable traits are advantageous, these will accumulate in the population, and this will increase the frequency of individuals with adaptations ...
... • Darwin was influenced by Thomas Malthus who noted the potential for human population to increase faster than food supplies and other resources • If some heritable traits are advantageous, these will accumulate in the population, and this will increase the frequency of individuals with adaptations ...
COLEGIO DECROLY AMERICANO
... Identify the features of mollusks and name the different classes of mollusks. Describe the traits of a segmented worm. Identify the characteristics of arthropods and name the different classes. Relate the function of the exoskeleton to its function. Explain the importance of insects and its environm ...
... Identify the features of mollusks and name the different classes of mollusks. Describe the traits of a segmented worm. Identify the characteristics of arthropods and name the different classes. Relate the function of the exoskeleton to its function. Explain the importance of insects and its environm ...
Mobility as an Emergent Property of Biological Organization: Insights
... emerges from a variety of dimensions of biological organization, it cannot evolve without changes in a suite of other traits. 2. Evolutionary changes in mobility will result in trade-offs and constraints among associated traits. Because mobility depends on so many traits at various lower levels of b ...
... emerges from a variety of dimensions of biological organization, it cannot evolve without changes in a suite of other traits. 2. Evolutionary changes in mobility will result in trade-offs and constraints among associated traits. Because mobility depends on so many traits at various lower levels of b ...
Regarding the Confusion between the Population Concept and
... However, Mayr’s choice of terms has led to confusion, particularly among biologists who study natural populations. Both population thinking and the concept of a biological population were inspired by Darwin, and from Darwin the chain for both concepts runs through Francis Galton who introduced the s ...
... However, Mayr’s choice of terms has led to confusion, particularly among biologists who study natural populations. Both population thinking and the concept of a biological population were inspired by Darwin, and from Darwin the chain for both concepts runs through Francis Galton who introduced the s ...
Palaeontologia Electronica Extinction: Evolution and the End of Man
... four ("From Dinosaurs to Us") takes us back to the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary yet again, and the recovery of extinction that was previously discussed in Chapter two. In this chapter, he opines that the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction was the worst extinction: "I doubt that the Earth has ever been b ...
... four ("From Dinosaurs to Us") takes us back to the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary yet again, and the recovery of extinction that was previously discussed in Chapter two. In this chapter, he opines that the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction was the worst extinction: "I doubt that the Earth has ever been b ...
Evolution and development of shape: integrating
... we routinely ignore information about size, position and orientation (we can easily recognize the Eiffel Tower on a small picture, even if we are far from paris when looking at it or we are holding the picture upside down). To apply this definition, investigators collect data that represent biologic ...
... we routinely ignore information about size, position and orientation (we can easily recognize the Eiffel Tower on a small picture, even if we are far from paris when looking at it or we are holding the picture upside down). To apply this definition, investigators collect data that represent biologic ...
Unifying Within- and Between-Generation Bet
... occurs within generations, the strength of this selective force is inversely proportional to population size. Second, if this variation primarily occurs between generations, the strength of this selective force is proportional to the variance and independent of population size. These principles lie ...
... occurs within generations, the strength of this selective force is inversely proportional to population size. Second, if this variation primarily occurs between generations, the strength of this selective force is proportional to the variance and independent of population size. These principles lie ...
Genetic Mechanisms for Adapting to a Changing Environment
... context, they do not provide insight concemingthe relative contributions of chance(e.g. genetic drift) and adaptive (e.g. natural selection) forces shaped the genetic divergencebetweenallelic alternatives prior to, during, and/or after an isolation event. Yet, it is the relative roles of chance and ...
... context, they do not provide insight concemingthe relative contributions of chance(e.g. genetic drift) and adaptive (e.g. natural selection) forces shaped the genetic divergencebetweenallelic alternatives prior to, during, and/or after an isolation event. Yet, it is the relative roles of chance and ...
Evolutionary Response to Selection on Clutch Size in a Long‐Term
... size evolution to date rely on brood size manipulation experiments before or after hatching (e.g., Pettifor et al. 1988; Moreno et al. 1991; Tinbergen and Sanz 2004) to test whether parents lay the optimal clutch size that maximizes recruitment or the sum of parental and offspring fitness (Perrins 1 ...
... size evolution to date rely on brood size manipulation experiments before or after hatching (e.g., Pettifor et al. 1988; Moreno et al. 1991; Tinbergen and Sanz 2004) to test whether parents lay the optimal clutch size that maximizes recruitment or the sum of parental and offspring fitness (Perrins 1 ...
Niche construction theory - synergy
... is that species, through the action of natural selection, come to exhibit those characteristics that best enable them to survive and reproduce in their environments. Organisms are generally perceived as being moulded by selection to become well adapted to their environments (Fig. 1a). Under this per ...
... is that species, through the action of natural selection, come to exhibit those characteristics that best enable them to survive and reproduce in their environments. Organisms are generally perceived as being moulded by selection to become well adapted to their environments (Fig. 1a). Under this per ...
An Evaluation of Supplementary Biology and Evolution Curricular
... evolution was the dramatic origin of major new structures and body plans documented by the Cambrian explosion.”11 According to scientists like Carroll, “The extreme speed of anatomical change and adaptive radiation during this brief time period requires explanations that go beyond those proposed fo ...
... evolution was the dramatic origin of major new structures and body plans documented by the Cambrian explosion.”11 According to scientists like Carroll, “The extreme speed of anatomical change and adaptive radiation during this brief time period requires explanations that go beyond those proposed fo ...
The evolution of non-ecological reproductive barriers
... focus on extant biodiversity, barely taking into account the dynamic process of evolution, divergence and speciation (De Queiroz, 1995). Evolutionary scientists try to uncover the evolutionary history of species and processes driving speciation (Coyne & Orr, 2004) in order to understand how species ...
... focus on extant biodiversity, barely taking into account the dynamic process of evolution, divergence and speciation (De Queiroz, 1995). Evolutionary scientists try to uncover the evolutionary history of species and processes driving speciation (Coyne & Orr, 2004) in order to understand how species ...
Bully for Brontosaurus - A Website About Stephen Jay Gould`s
... distinct species is correlated with some aspect of the local environment. If it is – if, say, larger shells are correlated with higher rain rates – then we have evidence that natural selection shapes developing species in a way that presumably optimizes survival. If, however, no such correlations ca ...
... distinct species is correlated with some aspect of the local environment. If it is – if, say, larger shells are correlated with higher rain rates – then we have evidence that natural selection shapes developing species in a way that presumably optimizes survival. If, however, no such correlations ca ...