Natural Selection on Testosterone Production in a Wild Songbird
... Testosterone-treated males more than compensated for reduced survival by siring more offspring via extrapair fertilizations than did controls, and as a result, they had higher fitness as measured by l, the projected relative rate of population growth (Raouf et al. 1997; Reed et al. 2006). These resu ...
... Testosterone-treated males more than compensated for reduced survival by siring more offspring via extrapair fertilizations than did controls, and as a result, they had higher fitness as measured by l, the projected relative rate of population growth (Raouf et al. 1997; Reed et al. 2006). These resu ...
BUTTERFLY WING PATTERNS: Developmental Mechanisms and
... gene loci analysed, there does seem to be one, T, which specifically influences one pattern element in only one wing cell (Fig. 2D). The analysis of genetic effects on pattern development in Heliconius are intriguing and persuasive, but they do rest heavily on the interpretation in terms of particul ...
... gene loci analysed, there does seem to be one, T, which specifically influences one pattern element in only one wing cell (Fig. 2D). The analysis of genetic effects on pattern development in Heliconius are intriguing and persuasive, but they do rest heavily on the interpretation in terms of particul ...
Evolutionism : present approaches
... of transformation, owing to the complexifying properties of the fluids running through their tissues, and the adaptive changes brought about when habits changed in response to altered environments.” 17 Undoubtedly this idea of complexity can lead to the existence of some kind of hierarchy in the nat ...
... of transformation, owing to the complexifying properties of the fluids running through their tissues, and the adaptive changes brought about when habits changed in response to altered environments.” 17 Undoubtedly this idea of complexity can lead to the existence of some kind of hierarchy in the nat ...
Evolution: artificial selection and domestication
... 1.2 Artificial selection Selection acts on phenotypic characters whatever their origin, and can retain or eliminate the characters' genetic basis. Artificial selection is any selective breeding intentionally practiced by humans leading to the evolution of domesticated organisms. Artificial selection ...
... 1.2 Artificial selection Selection acts on phenotypic characters whatever their origin, and can retain or eliminate the characters' genetic basis. Artificial selection is any selective breeding intentionally practiced by humans leading to the evolution of domesticated organisms. Artificial selection ...
Translating “natural selection”
... Cross 1996) have considered his lectures and this book as a milestone in the introduction of Darwin to Japan. After this first introduction, the idea of evolution thrived in Japan and was accepted broadly and rapidly as an established theory among both laymen and specialists, without any strong resi ...
... Cross 1996) have considered his lectures and this book as a milestone in the introduction of Darwin to Japan. After this first introduction, the idea of evolution thrived in Japan and was accepted broadly and rapidly as an established theory among both laymen and specialists, without any strong resi ...
- Wiley Online Library
... A focus on interspecific hybrids requires consideration of species concepts. Unfortunately, the term species has a wide variety of definitions that range from concepts based on the ability to interbreed to those based on common descent. Perhaps the most widely accepted of these is Mayr’s (1963) biol ...
... A focus on interspecific hybrids requires consideration of species concepts. Unfortunately, the term species has a wide variety of definitions that range from concepts based on the ability to interbreed to those based on common descent. Perhaps the most widely accepted of these is Mayr’s (1963) biol ...
Soft and hard selection on plant defence traits in Arabidopsis thaliana
... We present unstandardized selection gradients rather than standardized selection gradients for two reasons. First, our goal is to compare hard and soft selection for the same trait, rather than to compare the strength of natural selection on traits measured in different units. Second, the standard d ...
... We present unstandardized selection gradients rather than standardized selection gradients for two reasons. First, our goal is to compare hard and soft selection for the same trait, rather than to compare the strength of natural selection on traits measured in different units. Second, the standard d ...
Margulis L - Jason G. Goldman
... Traditional Darwinian thought underlines the role of competition in pushing evolution forward. Indeed, competition is a critical component of modern evolutionary theory. However, the underlying theme of endosymbiotic theory (or endosymbiosis) holds that cooperation between organisms is perhaps a mor ...
... Traditional Darwinian thought underlines the role of competition in pushing evolution forward. Indeed, competition is a critical component of modern evolutionary theory. However, the underlying theme of endosymbiotic theory (or endosymbiosis) holds that cooperation between organisms is perhaps a mor ...
Between Zeus and the Salmon
... cofactors into demographic models—cluster around this very practical question of prediction, whose answer some of us may live to know. Confronting this question, the in-house tools of traditional demography— accurate accounting of vital trends and descriptive modeling of variability across time and ...
... cofactors into demographic models—cluster around this very practical question of prediction, whose answer some of us may live to know. Confronting this question, the in-house tools of traditional demography— accurate accounting of vital trends and descriptive modeling of variability across time and ...
Reprint
... Given that bleaching resistance is an emergent trait of two interacting species, how do we expect it to evolve in response to increased sea temperature? For example, does the fact that the trait arises from an intimate, mutualistic interaction constrain its evolution? How do various aspects of the c ...
... Given that bleaching resistance is an emergent trait of two interacting species, how do we expect it to evolve in response to increased sea temperature? For example, does the fact that the trait arises from an intimate, mutualistic interaction constrain its evolution? How do various aspects of the c ...
Problems with mitochondrial DNA as a marker in population
... sometimes observed (e.g. Marshall 2004), studies on focused host clades have indicated it is rather rare (Shoemaker et al. 2002). The mean lifespan of any particular interaction is therefore generally less than the mean time to speciation. This conclusion is reinforced by the observation of three ac ...
... sometimes observed (e.g. Marshall 2004), studies on focused host clades have indicated it is rather rare (Shoemaker et al. 2002). The mean lifespan of any particular interaction is therefore generally less than the mean time to speciation. This conclusion is reinforced by the observation of three ac ...
Disruptive Selection in Natural Populations: The
... crease variation in natural populations (Rueffler et al. 2006). Moreover, such selection could result in the evolution of discrete phenotypes within populations (Smith and Skúlason 1996), which might trigger speciation if these phenotypes become reproductively isolated from one another (Maynard Smi ...
... crease variation in natural populations (Rueffler et al. 2006). Moreover, such selection could result in the evolution of discrete phenotypes within populations (Smith and Skúlason 1996), which might trigger speciation if these phenotypes become reproductively isolated from one another (Maynard Smi ...
BIO102 - National Open University of Nigeria
... Algaes, also known as Thallophytes are the simple green plants. They are aquatic plants (lives in water) that are thread like or flat (thallus) bodies with no roots or stems. They inhabit damp places on the land surface. They exhibit a distinct alternation of generation. The sporophyte is always att ...
... Algaes, also known as Thallophytes are the simple green plants. They are aquatic plants (lives in water) that are thread like or flat (thallus) bodies with no roots or stems. They inhabit damp places on the land surface. They exhibit a distinct alternation of generation. The sporophyte is always att ...
Synthetic analyses of phenotypic selection in natural
... (Stinchcombe et al. 2008). But for most traits in most studies, the available estimates suggest that stabilizing selection is no more common than disruptive selection. Our formal meta-analyses produced similar results to the previous synthetic analyses: the posterior mode of estimates of quadratic s ...
... (Stinchcombe et al. 2008). But for most traits in most studies, the available estimates suggest that stabilizing selection is no more common than disruptive selection. Our formal meta-analyses produced similar results to the previous synthetic analyses: the posterior mode of estimates of quadratic s ...
Fishman et al. 2013 - College of Humanities and Sciences
... mosquitoes (Ayala and Coluzzi 2005) are distinguished by higher numbers of fixed inversions than allopatric pairs. These examples suggest that segregating inversion polymorphisms within species as well as those fixed between species are common contributors to adaptation and speciation. Translocation ...
... mosquitoes (Ayala and Coluzzi 2005) are distinguished by higher numbers of fixed inversions than allopatric pairs. These examples suggest that segregating inversion polymorphisms within species as well as those fixed between species are common contributors to adaptation and speciation. Translocation ...
- Wiley Online Library
... mosquitoes (Ayala and Coluzzi 2005) are distinguished by higher numbers of fixed inversions than allopatric pairs. These examples suggest that segregating inversion polymorphisms within species as well as those fixed between species are common contributors to adaptation and speciation. Translocation ...
... mosquitoes (Ayala and Coluzzi 2005) are distinguished by higher numbers of fixed inversions than allopatric pairs. These examples suggest that segregating inversion polymorphisms within species as well as those fixed between species are common contributors to adaptation and speciation. Translocation ...
Transformations of Lamarckism
... inheritance. Experimental work now shows that, contrary to the dogmatic assertions of many mid-twentieth-century biologists that it could not occur, even a form of “inheritance of acquired characters” does occur and might even be said to be ubiquitous. In particular, new variations induced by stress ...
... inheritance. Experimental work now shows that, contrary to the dogmatic assertions of many mid-twentieth-century biologists that it could not occur, even a form of “inheritance of acquired characters” does occur and might even be said to be ubiquitous. In particular, new variations induced by stress ...
Maternal effects and evolution at ecological time
... In essence, ‘maternal effects’ can be defined as any aspect of the mother’s phenotype that affects her offspring’s’ phenotype. Consequently, not all maternal effects have adaptive benefits for offspring fitness. However, maternal effects will have evolutionary consequences whenever they alter phenot ...
... In essence, ‘maternal effects’ can be defined as any aspect of the mother’s phenotype that affects her offspring’s’ phenotype. Consequently, not all maternal effects have adaptive benefits for offspring fitness. However, maternal effects will have evolutionary consequences whenever they alter phenot ...
L2 and L1 Causes of arising pest problems. Description of Arthropod
... kingdomAnimalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their lives. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently. All animals must ingest other organisms or their products fo ...
... kingdomAnimalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their lives. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently. All animals must ingest other organisms or their products fo ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... involved in axis formation, eye development or the bilateraliahypothesis in nearly all phyla of the animal kingdom). Furthermore, the students are taught about how environmental factors affect early embryonic development (Ecological Developmental Biology). I always try to show the close relationship ...
... involved in axis formation, eye development or the bilateraliahypothesis in nearly all phyla of the animal kingdom). Furthermore, the students are taught about how environmental factors affect early embryonic development (Ecological Developmental Biology). I always try to show the close relationship ...
Are Random Drift and Natural Selection Conceptually Distinct?
... speak of a bottleneck, they are generally referring to an indiscriminate sampling process; physical differences between organisms in the original population are causally irrelevant to differences in reproductive success that produce the composition of the smaller population. For example, a severe dr ...
... speak of a bottleneck, they are generally referring to an indiscriminate sampling process; physical differences between organisms in the original population are causally irrelevant to differences in reproductive success that produce the composition of the smaller population. For example, a severe dr ...
Homoplasy, homology, and the perceived special
... familiar examples of the differences in temperament and demeanor (e.g., aggressiveness, obstinacy, docility, affiliativeness, excitability) that characterize different breeds of domestic animals that result from systematic programs of selective breeding, often on the basis of these very behavioral t ...
... familiar examples of the differences in temperament and demeanor (e.g., aggressiveness, obstinacy, docility, affiliativeness, excitability) that characterize different breeds of domestic animals that result from systematic programs of selective breeding, often on the basis of these very behavioral t ...
Evolution - Krishikosh
... natural and soon made. A final step was taken when it was asked whether living organisms were evolved at a still earlier stage from non-living matter. The problem of the origin of the first living organism, that is to say, of a living being capable, as an individual or a race, of indefinitely contin ...
... natural and soon made. A final step was taken when it was asked whether living organisms were evolved at a still earlier stage from non-living matter. The problem of the origin of the first living organism, that is to say, of a living being capable, as an individual or a race, of indefinitely contin ...
natural selection in populations subject to a migration load
... immigration of locally maladapted alleles. Migration load is analogous to the “mutation load” that arises when mutation inputs new alleles that, on average, are expected to be less fit than existing alleles. Although both migration and mutation have the potential to import locally beneficial novel a ...
... immigration of locally maladapted alleles. Migration load is analogous to the “mutation load” that arises when mutation inputs new alleles that, on average, are expected to be less fit than existing alleles. Although both migration and mutation have the potential to import locally beneficial novel a ...
The Natures of Selection
... a fair coin, it is odd to think of its fairness as a deterministic force, which guarantees that it lands heads up 50% of the time, so long as other forces—such as a short run of tosses—do not interfere. Yet this is exactly how Sober thinks of selection. Instead, one could think of the coin’s fairnes ...
... a fair coin, it is odd to think of its fairness as a deterministic force, which guarantees that it lands heads up 50% of the time, so long as other forces—such as a short run of tosses—do not interfere. Yet this is exactly how Sober thinks of selection. Instead, one could think of the coin’s fairnes ...