How is Biological Explanation Possible?
... To see why there can be no strict laws in biology, consider the form of a generalization about all Fs, where F is a functional term, like gene, or wing, or belief, or clock, or prison, or money, or subsistence farming. The generalization will take the form (x)[Fx ! Gx], a law about Fs and Gs. Gx wil ...
... To see why there can be no strict laws in biology, consider the form of a generalization about all Fs, where F is a functional term, like gene, or wing, or belief, or clock, or prison, or money, or subsistence farming. The generalization will take the form (x)[Fx ! Gx], a law about Fs and Gs. Gx wil ...
The Origin of Species - Elmwood Park Memorial Middle School
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Predator-Prey
... of wild parsnip have shown not only that the various furanocoumarins produced by wild parsnip have different effects on different species of insect herbivores, but also that genetic correlations among these compounds may constrain the evolution of the overall suite of defensive traits (Berenbaum et ...
... of wild parsnip have shown not only that the various furanocoumarins produced by wild parsnip have different effects on different species of insect herbivores, but also that genetic correlations among these compounds may constrain the evolution of the overall suite of defensive traits (Berenbaum et ...
Mystery of Mysteries: Darwin and the Species Problem.
... (1859[1964]. 269ff.). In the end, Darwin rejects hybrid sterility as a criterion for distinguishing species and varieties. He writes, “It can thus be shown that neither sterility nor fertility affords a clear distinction between species and varieties” (1859[1964], 248). Moreover, he thought that th ...
... (1859[1964]. 269ff.). In the end, Darwin rejects hybrid sterility as a criterion for distinguishing species and varieties. He writes, “It can thus be shown that neither sterility nor fertility affords a clear distinction between species and varieties” (1859[1964], 248). Moreover, he thought that th ...
File - wilson science WEBSITE
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
the Note - Mindset Learn
... the steaming hot desert. Many of the organisms are adapted to live in seawater and fresh water. Each organism type is different and shows diversity. Adaptations result in diversity allowing organisms to survive in completely different and diverse environments. Organisms must change and adapt to surv ...
... the steaming hot desert. Many of the organisms are adapted to live in seawater and fresh water. Each organism type is different and shows diversity. Adaptations result in diversity allowing organisms to survive in completely different and diverse environments. Organisms must change and adapt to surv ...
(1904–2005) Ernst Mayr and the integration of geographic and
... The present paper is broken down into three main sections. Within each section, I highlight particularly relevant theoretical and empirical studies. However, the research of collaborators and myself on speciation in Timema walking-stick insects is used throughout to help bridge the three sections. F ...
... The present paper is broken down into three main sections. Within each section, I highlight particularly relevant theoretical and empirical studies. However, the research of collaborators and myself on speciation in Timema walking-stick insects is used throughout to help bridge the three sections. F ...
https://goo.gl/BUXfYV HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY
... by which animals move from place to place. The standard examples are island hopping and natural rafts. Many land vertebrates live in the Caribbean Islands, and (if their biogeography is correctly explained by dispersal) they might have moved from one island to other, perhaps being carried on a log o ...
... by which animals move from place to place. The standard examples are island hopping and natural rafts. Many land vertebrates live in the Caribbean Islands, and (if their biogeography is correctly explained by dispersal) they might have moved from one island to other, perhaps being carried on a log o ...
Genetic correlations between adults and larvae in a marine fish
... fishing practices can selectively remove larger individuals from the population, potentially resulting in rapid evolution of fished populations (reviewed by Stokes et al. 1993; Browman et al. 2000). Evolutionary changes such as reduced growth rate of adults and smaller size at maturity have been dem ...
... fishing practices can selectively remove larger individuals from the population, potentially resulting in rapid evolution of fished populations (reviewed by Stokes et al. 1993; Browman et al. 2000). Evolutionary changes such as reduced growth rate of adults and smaller size at maturity have been dem ...
Mallet (2012) "The struggle..."
... both have been subject to extensive discussion over the last century or so. Related debates were about ‘r-’ versus ‘K-selection’, and its relevance for life-history strategies in what is broadly considered part of ‘ecology’, as well as frequency- and density-dependent selection, and speciation, topi ...
... both have been subject to extensive discussion over the last century or so. Related debates were about ‘r-’ versus ‘K-selection’, and its relevance for life-history strategies in what is broadly considered part of ‘ecology’, as well as frequency- and density-dependent selection, and speciation, topi ...
genetics and the fitness of hybrids
... alleles with those in any other lineage. Hybridization then produces a vast array of recombinant genotypes that have never before been subjected to selection. On average, these genotypes will be less well adapted than their parents, giving rise to some level of selection against hybrids. Hybrid brea ...
... alleles with those in any other lineage. Hybridization then produces a vast array of recombinant genotypes that have never before been subjected to selection. On average, these genotypes will be less well adapted than their parents, giving rise to some level of selection against hybrids. Hybrid brea ...
Evolution by Natural Selection, continued
... June 1858 from the young English naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), who was in Malaysia at the time. Wallace’s essay described a hypothesis of evolution by natural selection. • Darwin’s friends arranged for a summary of Darwin’s manuscript to be presented with Wallace’s paper at a public ...
... June 1858 from the young English naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), who was in Malaysia at the time. Wallace’s essay described a hypothesis of evolution by natural selection. • Darwin’s friends arranged for a summary of Darwin’s manuscript to be presented with Wallace’s paper at a public ...
1. In Darwin`s finches— a. occurrence of wet and dry years
... Assuming that there is a genetic basis to variation in beak size, this oscillating selection will maintain variation through time. The correct answer is a— B. Answer b is incorrect. By itself, change in beak size over time cannot establish that the trait is inherited. In Darwin’s finches the compari ...
... Assuming that there is a genetic basis to variation in beak size, this oscillating selection will maintain variation through time. The correct answer is a— B. Answer b is incorrect. By itself, change in beak size over time cannot establish that the trait is inherited. In Darwin’s finches the compari ...
Ch. 2 OLC questions
... Assuming that there is a genetic basis to variation in beak size, this oscillating selection will maintain variation through time. The correct answer is a— B. Answer b is incorrect. By itself, change in beak size over time cannot establish that the trait is inherited. In Darwin’s finches the compari ...
... Assuming that there is a genetic basis to variation in beak size, this oscillating selection will maintain variation through time. The correct answer is a— B. Answer b is incorrect. By itself, change in beak size over time cannot establish that the trait is inherited. In Darwin’s finches the compari ...
The Multipredator Hypothesis and the Evolutionary Persistence of
... the genomic level proteins that are centrally located in networks (Hahn & Kern 2004) are buffered from change, and this centrality may provide a mechanism by which pleiotropy may constrain the rate of evolutionary change. Pleiotropy occurs at higher levels of organization as well. For instance, loca ...
... the genomic level proteins that are centrally located in networks (Hahn & Kern 2004) are buffered from change, and this centrality may provide a mechanism by which pleiotropy may constrain the rate of evolutionary change. Pleiotropy occurs at higher levels of organization as well. For instance, loca ...
Cryptic genetic variation: evolution`s hidden substrate
... favoured evolved suppressors, and Wright favoured a biochemical explanation. In this debate, which precisely echoes that between evolved and neutral CGV, Wright’s position was vindicated19,20. However, in the context of CGV, the two positions are not mutually exclusive and both are likely to contain ...
... favoured evolved suppressors, and Wright favoured a biochemical explanation. In this debate, which precisely echoes that between evolved and neutral CGV, Wright’s position was vindicated19,20. However, in the context of CGV, the two positions are not mutually exclusive and both are likely to contain ...
Darwin`s view of species
... believed, to be connected at the present day by intermediate gradations, whereas species were formerly thus connected (Darwin 1859: 485). To Darwin, species form vague, human-defined, and difficult to discern waystations in evolution. They are detectable only by means of gaps in variation in a local ...
... believed, to be connected at the present day by intermediate gradations, whereas species were formerly thus connected (Darwin 1859: 485). To Darwin, species form vague, human-defined, and difficult to discern waystations in evolution. They are detectable only by means of gaps in variation in a local ...
BIOLOGY SPRING FINALEXAMOBJECTIVES11
... EVOLUTION – CHAPTERS 10-11 1. Define evolution. 2. Define adaptation and give an example. 3. Describe the differences between natural selection and artificial selection. 4. Explain what natural selection acts on. 5. Explain the different pieces of evidence for evolution. 6. Explain how Darwin’s finc ...
... EVOLUTION – CHAPTERS 10-11 1. Define evolution. 2. Define adaptation and give an example. 3. Describe the differences between natural selection and artificial selection. 4. Explain what natural selection acts on. 5. Explain the different pieces of evidence for evolution. 6. Explain how Darwin’s finc ...
The existence of species rests on a metastable
... Results: I do, however, contend that, if so much speciation occurs, the most likely explanation is that there must be conditions where reproductive barriers can be directly selected for. In other words, situations where it is advantageous for individuals to reproduce preferentially within a small gr ...
... Results: I do, however, contend that, if so much speciation occurs, the most likely explanation is that there must be conditions where reproductive barriers can be directly selected for. In other words, situations where it is advantageous for individuals to reproduce preferentially within a small gr ...
Evolution by Jumps: Francis Galton and William Bateson
... depart from the parent type, ‘reverting’ towards” the mean of the general population from which the parental seeds were selected (Table 1). He then drew a diagram plotting the diameter of the progeny seeds on the y-axis and that of the parental seeds on the x-axis, thereby constructing the first reg ...
... depart from the parent type, ‘reverting’ towards” the mean of the general population from which the parental seeds were selected (Table 1). He then drew a diagram plotting the diameter of the progeny seeds on the y-axis and that of the parental seeds on the x-axis, thereby constructing the first reg ...
Adaptive divergence, genetic connectivity, and post
... and disparity in higher taxa). As such, an enhanced understanding of the mechanisms for speciation is essential to an enhanced understanding of biodiversity and how best to conserve it. ...
... and disparity in higher taxa). As such, an enhanced understanding of the mechanisms for speciation is essential to an enhanced understanding of biodiversity and how best to conserve it. ...
The PATO ontology
... • in whatever dimension and granularity, however, there is a commonality so that phenotypic descriptions can be decomposed into two parts – An entity that is affected. This entity may be an enzyme, an anatomical structure or a complex biological process. – The qualities of that entity. ...
... • in whatever dimension and granularity, however, there is a commonality so that phenotypic descriptions can be decomposed into two parts – An entity that is affected. This entity may be an enzyme, an anatomical structure or a complex biological process. – The qualities of that entity. ...
Niches in evolutionary theories of technical change
... changing environment. In such a case, the improvements of the products operating within the market niche create substantial tensions within the sociotechnical regime. These tensions might take different forms: several firms might begin to doubt whether operating within the rules of the regime will h ...
... changing environment. In such a case, the improvements of the products operating within the market niche create substantial tensions within the sociotechnical regime. These tensions might take different forms: several firms might begin to doubt whether operating within the rules of the regime will h ...
Ricklefs, R. E
... autophagy (Finkel et al. 2007), which could lead to increasing populations of cells with unstable genomes. This mechanism provides the basis for an inverse relationship between rate of ageing and cancer formation – one of the trade-offs that presumably is optimized with respect to the evolution of p ...
... autophagy (Finkel et al. 2007), which could lead to increasing populations of cells with unstable genomes. This mechanism provides the basis for an inverse relationship between rate of ageing and cancer formation – one of the trade-offs that presumably is optimized with respect to the evolution of p ...
Lecture 3: Origin of Life (Part-I)
... resistant spores and appeared on earth from other planet. Since the condition of earth was supporting the life, these spores grew and evolved into different organisms. This theory was also known as “theory of panspermia or spore theory”. The theory initially got the support from the fact that fossil ...
... resistant spores and appeared on earth from other planet. Since the condition of earth was supporting the life, these spores grew and evolved into different organisms. This theory was also known as “theory of panspermia or spore theory”. The theory initially got the support from the fact that fossil ...