Chinese Political and Economic Governance System and the
... Consequently, it is natural for the capital and technology-intensive industries to play a leading role in generating tax revenues. Figure 3 illustrates that the value added tax payable of heavy industry accounts for a proportion of 65%-75% in the period 1994-2009. Similarly, the proportion of total ...
... Consequently, it is natural for the capital and technology-intensive industries to play a leading role in generating tax revenues. Figure 3 illustrates that the value added tax payable of heavy industry accounts for a proportion of 65%-75% in the period 1994-2009. Similarly, the proportion of total ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics
... sentially, the public debt/GDP normalized by the de facto tax base measures the average tax years that it would take to “buy” the outstanding public debt, and provides a stock measure of public debt overhang. We view this measure as a more fundamental metric for fiscal space, as it links the public ...
... sentially, the public debt/GDP normalized by the de facto tax base measures the average tax years that it would take to “buy” the outstanding public debt, and provides a stock measure of public debt overhang. We view this measure as a more fundamental metric for fiscal space, as it links the public ...
Stylised Facts for New Zealand Business Cycles
... established for the period 1966q4 to 1990q1 by Kim, Buckle, and Hall (1994) (KBH)1, but a number of financial, fiscal, external sector, and labour market regularities had to remain unresolved in that study. Moreover, the conduct of fiscal, monetary and labour market policy in New Zealand and the beh ...
... established for the period 1966q4 to 1990q1 by Kim, Buckle, and Hall (1994) (KBH)1, but a number of financial, fiscal, external sector, and labour market regularities had to remain unresolved in that study. Moreover, the conduct of fiscal, monetary and labour market policy in New Zealand and the beh ...
Paper: Institutions Rule - Peterson Institute for International Economics
... open trade policy is part of a wider set of government policies that can affect development. Testing for the effect of policies in level regressions is, however, problematic as discussed in greater detail below. Policies pursued over a short time span, say 30-40 years, are like a flow variable, wher ...
... open trade policy is part of a wider set of government policies that can affect development. Testing for the effect of policies in level regressions is, however, problematic as discussed in greater detail below. Policies pursued over a short time span, say 30-40 years, are like a flow variable, wher ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Economic Research Volume Title: NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 2007
... ratioon regionalgrowth as the de factomeasureof financialintegration; that is, a measureof diversificationfinance. If capital flows to high growth regions we should (everything else equal)see thathigh output regionsruncurrentaccountdeficitsand hold negative net asset positions.18On the other hand, p ...
... ratioon regionalgrowth as the de factomeasureof financialintegration; that is, a measureof diversificationfinance. If capital flows to high growth regions we should (everything else equal)see thathigh output regionsruncurrentaccountdeficitsand hold negative net asset positions.18On the other hand, p ...
Fiscal Shocks and Real Wages Agustín S. Bénétrix IIIS Trinity College Dublin
... ment variables are in real terms (log levels) and deflated with their own deflators. These are available at the OECD Economic Outlook No 82. The exception is non-wage government consumption. For this variable I use total government consumption prices. I take these deflators for the baseline estimat ...
... ment variables are in real terms (log levels) and deflated with their own deflators. These are available at the OECD Economic Outlook No 82. The exception is non-wage government consumption. For this variable I use total government consumption prices. I take these deflators for the baseline estimat ...
PDF
... agricultural prices by over 50 percent and experienced a drop in income per capita of more than 25 percent. Other less-extreme examples during the 1960-1980 period include Madagascar, which increased its relative agricultural price distortions by more than 50 percent leading to a drop in real income ...
... agricultural prices by over 50 percent and experienced a drop in income per capita of more than 25 percent. Other less-extreme examples during the 1960-1980 period include Madagascar, which increased its relative agricultural price distortions by more than 50 percent leading to a drop in real income ...
“The Economic Costs of Separatist Terrorism in Turkey”
... Institute. IREA focuses on four priority lines of investigation: (i) the quantitative study of regional and urban economic activity and analysis of regional and local economic policies, (ii) study of public economic activity in markets, particularly in the fields of empirical evaluation of privatiza ...
... Institute. IREA focuses on four priority lines of investigation: (i) the quantitative study of regional and urban economic activity and analysis of regional and local economic policies, (ii) study of public economic activity in markets, particularly in the fields of empirical evaluation of privatiza ...
Regional GDP Compilation: Production, Income and Expenditure
... for sectors of non-financial corporations and enterprises in the sector of households (see Kahoun, 2009). Regional indicators of output and intermediate consumption are derived from the same data sources used to calculation at the national level. The calculation is broken down in the details of two- ...
... for sectors of non-financial corporations and enterprises in the sector of households (see Kahoun, 2009). Regional indicators of output and intermediate consumption are derived from the same data sources used to calculation at the national level. The calculation is broken down in the details of two- ...
A Surplus of Ambition: Can Europe Rely on Large Primary
... of historical developments in numerous countries leads to the conclusion that it is extremely difficult for a country to prevent its debt from increasing when the necessary primary surplus ratio reaches a critical level of more than 5 per cent.” One need not subscribe to their 5 per cent threshold t ...
... of historical developments in numerous countries leads to the conclusion that it is extremely difficult for a country to prevent its debt from increasing when the necessary primary surplus ratio reaches a critical level of more than 5 per cent.” One need not subscribe to their 5 per cent threshold t ...
Corruption and the composition of government expenditure
... tables). Fig. 1 provides direct visual evidence that this result is not driven by a small group of countries. Other components of government expenditure are also significantly associated with the corruption index at the conventional levels, most notably in the case of transfer payments, and social i ...
... tables). Fig. 1 provides direct visual evidence that this result is not driven by a small group of countries. Other components of government expenditure are also significantly associated with the corruption index at the conventional levels, most notably in the case of transfer payments, and social i ...
nec07 Fogel 5896746 en
... First, enumerating alternative stories consistent with a negative correlation underscores the relative plausibility of Schumpeter’s (1912) theory of economic development. This is because we link faster growth to a higher death rate of old leading firms, not just to their eclipse by new bigger firms ...
... First, enumerating alternative stories consistent with a negative correlation underscores the relative plausibility of Schumpeter’s (1912) theory of economic development. This is because we link faster growth to a higher death rate of old leading firms, not just to their eclipse by new bigger firms ...
Macroeconomic Implications of Natural Disasters in the
... The central source of data used in the analysis is the EM-DAT database compiled by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED, 2004), the most comprehensive database on natural disasters that is publicly available. Natural disasters are here defined as events due to natural cause ...
... The central source of data used in the analysis is the EM-DAT database compiled by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED, 2004), the most comprehensive database on natural disasters that is publicly available. Natural disasters are here defined as events due to natural cause ...
JRS 2009
... the case of consumption-based estimates, and to a lesser extent for income-based estimates, we are compelled to make starting assumptions about base-level living standards that inevitably bias our results. We address this problem by employing both pessimistic and optimistic starting assumptions whic ...
... the case of consumption-based estimates, and to a lesser extent for income-based estimates, we are compelled to make starting assumptions about base-level living standards that inevitably bias our results. We address this problem by employing both pessimistic and optimistic starting assumptions whic ...
globalization and the competitiveness of enterprises
... • Of course, such approach would not make the nation richer, rather poorer, or more productive, but technically productivity would be raised. • There is no benefit to the economy from increasing the number of unemployed that do not create value, do not pay taxes and receive social benefits. ...
... • Of course, such approach would not make the nation richer, rather poorer, or more productive, but technically productivity would be raised. • There is no benefit to the economy from increasing the number of unemployed that do not create value, do not pay taxes and receive social benefits. ...
Bureau of Economic Analysis Presentation
... Other source agencies: EIA - DoE NASS, ERS, NCES, and HHS-CMS ...
... Other source agencies: EIA - DoE NASS, ERS, NCES, and HHS-CMS ...
Changing Energy Production Structures and CO2 Emissions in
... The effect of TPES/FEC refers to the efficiency of the energy transformation system, i.e. efficiency in transforming primary energy into different energy carriers such as electricity or heat. This can be influenced by e.g. a switch from fuel use to electricity use, or vice versa, or technological ch ...
... The effect of TPES/FEC refers to the efficiency of the energy transformation system, i.e. efficiency in transforming primary energy into different energy carriers such as electricity or heat. This can be influenced by e.g. a switch from fuel use to electricity use, or vice versa, or technological ch ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CALLING RECESSIONS IN REAL TIME James D. Hamilton
... management have all produced tremendous improvements in productivity. These three factors— population, capital stock, and technology— are widely regarded to be the main drivers of long-run growth. But GDP does not increase every single year, and it is of substantial interest to understand why. None ...
... management have all produced tremendous improvements in productivity. These three factors— population, capital stock, and technology— are widely regarded to be the main drivers of long-run growth. But GDP does not increase every single year, and it is of substantial interest to understand why. None ...
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... budgetary stance turns restrictive in 2010 and 2011 and more significantly so in 2012. At face value, this should lead to a correction of the excessive deficit by 2012, in line with the recommendation of 2 Dec 2009 under Article 126(7) of the TFEU. The government gross debt-to-GDP ratio, which rose ...
... budgetary stance turns restrictive in 2010 and 2011 and more significantly so in 2012. At face value, this should lead to a correction of the excessive deficit by 2012, in line with the recommendation of 2 Dec 2009 under Article 126(7) of the TFEU. The government gross debt-to-GDP ratio, which rose ...
Nowcasting and Short-Term Forecasting of Russian GDP with a
... Over the last decade Russia has experienced periods of both favorable and adverse conditions for economic growth which were caused simultaneously by internal and external factors. Increase in GDP throughout the steady trend in oil price growth starting in 2002 were followed by a dramatic downturn in ...
... Over the last decade Russia has experienced periods of both favorable and adverse conditions for economic growth which were caused simultaneously by internal and external factors. Increase in GDP throughout the steady trend in oil price growth starting in 2002 were followed by a dramatic downturn in ...
Fiscal Decentralization Indicators
... See note on “Fiscal Decentralization Indicators: Strengths and Weaknesses” ...
... See note on “Fiscal Decentralization Indicators: Strengths and Weaknesses” ...
FTSE GDP Weighted Indexes
... London Stock Exchange Group companies includes FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®”, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other servi ...
... London Stock Exchange Group companies includes FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®”, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other servi ...
Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O`Brien, 2e.
... © 2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O’Brien, 2e. ...
... © 2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O’Brien, 2e. ...
AP Macro Ch. 24 Measuring the Cost of Living
... AP Macro Ch. 24 Measuring the Cost of Living 33 Dollar figures from different points in time do not represent a valid comparison of purchasing power. Therefore, to compare a dollar figure from the past to a dollar figure today, the older figure should be inflated using a ________. Price index ...
... AP Macro Ch. 24 Measuring the Cost of Living 33 Dollar figures from different points in time do not represent a valid comparison of purchasing power. Therefore, to compare a dollar figure from the past to a dollar figure today, the older figure should be inflated using a ________. Price index ...
APPENDIX D TO CHAPTER 10 The Self
... Given the assumption that changes in the prices of goods and services measured by the CPI do not in a short period of time cause changes in nominal wages, let's examine Exhibit A-1 (a) and explain the SRAS curve’s upward-sloping shape. Begin at point A with a CPI of 100 and observe that the economy ...
... Given the assumption that changes in the prices of goods and services measured by the CPI do not in a short period of time cause changes in nominal wages, let's examine Exhibit A-1 (a) and explain the SRAS curve’s upward-sloping shape. Begin at point A with a CPI of 100 and observe that the economy ...
Gross domestic product
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of the size of an economy. It is defined as ""an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident, institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs)"" by the OECD.GDP estimates are commonly used to measure the economic performance of a whole country or region, but can also measure the relative contribution of an industry sector. This is possible because GDP is a measure of 'value added' rather than sales; it adds each firm's value added (the value of its output minus the value of goods that are used up in producing it). For example, a firm buys steel and adds value to it by producing a car; double counting would occur if GDP added together the value of the steel and the value of the car. Because it is based on value added, GDP also increases when an enterprise reduces its use of materials or other resources ('intermediate consumption') to produce the same output.The more familiar use of GDP estimates is to calculate the growth of the economy from year to year (and recently from quarter to quarter). The pattern of GDP growth is held to indicate the success or failure of economic policy and to determine whether an economy is 'in recession'.