Keynesian Cross and Multiplier
... • The Aggregate Implications of Fixed Prices 2) Because demand determines the quantities that each firm sells, aggregate demand determines the aggregate quantity of goods and services sold, which equals GDP. ...
... • The Aggregate Implications of Fixed Prices 2) Because demand determines the quantities that each firm sells, aggregate demand determines the aggregate quantity of goods and services sold, which equals GDP. ...
On the measurement of regional inequality: does spatial dimension
... according to the GDP per capita disparities. The majority of the data originates directly from national statistical offices (supranational in the case of Eurostat) either as they appear on the websites or via email correspondence. In some cases data from the national Human Development Reports were a ...
... according to the GDP per capita disparities. The majority of the data originates directly from national statistical offices (supranational in the case of Eurostat) either as they appear on the websites or via email correspondence. In some cases data from the national Human Development Reports were a ...
EN EN Convergence Report 2014 Member States BG Bulgaria CZ
... a derogation". Article 140 of the Treaty lays down provisions and procedures for examining the situation of Member States with a derogation (Box 1.1). At least once every two years, or at the request of a Member State with a derogation, the Commission and the European Central Bank (ECB) prepare Conv ...
... a derogation". Article 140 of the Treaty lays down provisions and procedures for examining the situation of Member States with a derogation (Box 1.1). At least once every two years, or at the request of a Member State with a derogation, the Commission and the European Central Bank (ECB) prepare Conv ...
4 The macroeconomic impact of the 2004-2006 EU funds
... database. The methodology for this is explained in Section 3. We believe this represents an innovative approach to the transformation of EU expenditures classified for administrative categories into categories that can be used for economic analysis. The main substantive results of this phase of the ...
... database. The methodology for this is explained in Section 3. We believe this represents an innovative approach to the transformation of EU expenditures classified for administrative categories into categories that can be used for economic analysis. The main substantive results of this phase of the ...
The Alberta GPI
... 1961 to $18,389 (1998$) by 1999—a 110% increase in 39 years. The graph also shows that while household spending rose steadily through the 1960s and 1970s, it remained relatively constant through the 1980s and 1990s, increasing only $1,347 per capita between 1981 and 1999. Today personal consumption ...
... 1961 to $18,389 (1998$) by 1999—a 110% increase in 39 years. The graph also shows that while household spending rose steadily through the 1960s and 1970s, it remained relatively constant through the 1980s and 1990s, increasing only $1,347 per capita between 1981 and 1999. Today personal consumption ...
Patience and the Wealth of Nations
... Role of proximate determinants • Can any single proximate determinant fully account for the relationship between patience and national income? – Patience and physical Capital (about a third of the ...
... Role of proximate determinants • Can any single proximate determinant fully account for the relationship between patience and national income? – Patience and physical Capital (about a third of the ...
Determinants of Urbanization
... implication of this literature is that rural-urban dynamics are heavily inuenced by government favouritism towards the urban sector (or in some cases of former planned economies, by a government bias towards rural areas). An early empirical study on urbanization is Pandey (1977), who uses Indian st ...
... implication of this literature is that rural-urban dynamics are heavily inuenced by government favouritism towards the urban sector (or in some cases of former planned economies, by a government bias towards rural areas). An early empirical study on urbanization is Pandey (1977), who uses Indian st ...
Quarterly - UniCredit Tiriac Bank
... Just as in industry, we see improvements in the impact of credit on domestic demand, albeit more gradually than we hoped and with large variation across countries. There are two positives. First, external deleveraging has shown signs of petering out. BIS data for Q4 last year, capturing the exposure ...
... Just as in industry, we see improvements in the impact of credit on domestic demand, albeit more gradually than we hoped and with large variation across countries. There are two positives. First, external deleveraging has shown signs of petering out. BIS data for Q4 last year, capturing the exposure ...
Working PaPer SerieS ToWardS eXPendiTUre rULeS and FiScaL
... In a first step, the study assesses the impact of the fiscal stance on primary expenditure ratios and public debt ratios and, thus, provides a measure of prudence or imprudence of past expenditure policies. The study finds that on the basis of real time rules, expenditure and debt ratios in 2009 for ...
... In a first step, the study assesses the impact of the fiscal stance on primary expenditure ratios and public debt ratios and, thus, provides a measure of prudence or imprudence of past expenditure policies. The study finds that on the basis of real time rules, expenditure and debt ratios in 2009 for ...
Does location matter for disclosure? Evidence from geographical
... business by Forbes. We also find that when it is harder for other firms to enter a particular region, segments in those areas are more likely to be disclosed, which also supports the proprietary cost explanation for non-disclosure. These results are robust to controlling for other factors that could ...
... business by Forbes. We also find that when it is harder for other firms to enter a particular region, segments in those areas are more likely to be disclosed, which also supports the proprietary cost explanation for non-disclosure. These results are robust to controlling for other factors that could ...
Economic Growth and Subjective Well Being: Reassessing the
... departure from much of the literature. 6 In later sections we also assess the role that changes in the income distribution play in driving a wedge between average log income and the log of average income. Throughout our analysis, we will make heavy use of bivariate scatter plots and non-parametric r ...
... departure from much of the literature. 6 In later sections we also assess the role that changes in the income distribution play in driving a wedge between average log income and the log of average income. Throughout our analysis, we will make heavy use of bivariate scatter plots and non-parametric r ...
ESRC-DFID Project ChauvetEtAl March16 Paper
... many developing countries, foreign aid is far from being the main source of external financing and remittances sometimes represent the largest share of their international financial inflows. For this reason, the impact of remittances is also analysed. The aidinequality and remittances-inequality nex ...
... many developing countries, foreign aid is far from being the main source of external financing and remittances sometimes represent the largest share of their international financial inflows. For this reason, the impact of remittances is also analysed. The aidinequality and remittances-inequality nex ...
1 1. Introduction In the last ten years, Chile`s overall economic
... found for GDP. Differences between figures in 1986 pesos and rates as percentage of GDP are not important now, but again, the correlations tend to be stronger for the last ten years than for the 1960-84 period. One result that is clear from these first two stylized facts is that the overall positiv ...
... found for GDP. Differences between figures in 1986 pesos and rates as percentage of GDP are not important now, but again, the correlations tend to be stronger for the last ten years than for the 1960-84 period. One result that is clear from these first two stylized facts is that the overall positiv ...
Fiscal Expansions and Adjustments in OECD Countries by Alberto
... Following the first oil shock, in the mid-seventies many OECD countries started accumulating large public debts; by the nineties, several countries exhibited debt/GDP ratios at levels historically observed after major wars, in some case beyond 100 percent (see Table 1). At the same time, the composi ...
... Following the first oil shock, in the mid-seventies many OECD countries started accumulating large public debts; by the nineties, several countries exhibited debt/GDP ratios at levels historically observed after major wars, in some case beyond 100 percent (see Table 1). At the same time, the composi ...
The End of the Great Depression 1939‐41: VAR Insight on Policy Contributions and Fiscal Multipliers
... This paper is about the size of fiscal multipliers and the sources of recovery from the Great Depression. Its contributions begin with a new quarterly data set for the interwar period that allows development of a VAR model of the U. S. economy over the period 1920‐41. The quarterly data facilit ...
... This paper is about the size of fiscal multipliers and the sources of recovery from the Great Depression. Its contributions begin with a new quarterly data set for the interwar period that allows development of a VAR model of the U. S. economy over the period 1920‐41. The quarterly data facilit ...
Make Your Publication Visible
... Debt is declared illegitimate ex-ante by an international body, e.g. the UN-security council. Due to their declaration as being odious, investors know that a new government will repudiate the country’s debt. To avoid losses, an investor will stop providing the odious labeled country with long term l ...
... Debt is declared illegitimate ex-ante by an international body, e.g. the UN-security council. Due to their declaration as being odious, investors know that a new government will repudiate the country’s debt. To avoid losses, an investor will stop providing the odious labeled country with long term l ...
1. If the MPS = 0.1, then the value of the multiplier
... c. not a part of investment spending by firms, as it can't be properly planned ahead of time. d. a part of unplanned investment spending and may either be positive or negative. ...
... c. not a part of investment spending by firms, as it can't be properly planned ahead of time. d. a part of unplanned investment spending and may either be positive or negative. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES IS THE U.S. CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
... “The United States is the only major country proclaiming itself indifferent to its currency value. In countries running persistent current account deficits, governments normally -- indeed must – reduce domestic consumption. But so far, the United States has relied on other countries to adjust their ...
... “The United States is the only major country proclaiming itself indifferent to its currency value. In countries running persistent current account deficits, governments normally -- indeed must – reduce domestic consumption. But so far, the United States has relied on other countries to adjust their ...
Version 2.0, Instruction Manual, Revised Version
... market for LAC with the introduction of "Brady Bonds" in the 1990s, a global market emerged where investors were both national and foreign residents. More recently domestic bond markets have gained importance, and in this case the investor base consists of global institutions and individuals. The pr ...
... market for LAC with the introduction of "Brady Bonds" in the 1990s, a global market emerged where investors were both national and foreign residents. More recently domestic bond markets have gained importance, and in this case the investor base consists of global institutions and individuals. The pr ...
European Economic Forecast - Spring 2009
... The downturn is also expected to be widespread across demand components, with the exception of government consumption and public investment as these are supported by budgetary stimulus proposed in the European Economic Recovery Plan. Exports and investment are set to contract particularly sharply th ...
... The downturn is also expected to be widespread across demand components, with the exception of government consumption and public investment as these are supported by budgetary stimulus proposed in the European Economic Recovery Plan. Exports and investment are set to contract particularly sharply th ...
Chapter 3 A R :
... during the VIII Plan (1992-1997) and since then witnessed a decelerating trend relative to other components. Its share declined to 34.67 per cent in the current year. Though the long-term trend of relative share of expenditure on debt repayment was negative, during the IX Plan (1997-2002), it had ne ...
... during the VIII Plan (1992-1997) and since then witnessed a decelerating trend relative to other components. Its share declined to 34.67 per cent in the current year. Though the long-term trend of relative share of expenditure on debt repayment was negative, during the IX Plan (1997-2002), it had ne ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE END OF LARGE CURRENT
... of the U.S. current account has largely been the result of a decline in national savings, and in particular of public and household savings. Some analysts have argued that the recent decline in U.S. savings has been, at least partially, the result of the Fed’s policy of (very) low interest rates. Ac ...
... of the U.S. current account has largely been the result of a decline in national savings, and in particular of public and household savings. Some analysts have argued that the recent decline in U.S. savings has been, at least partially, the result of the Fed’s policy of (very) low interest rates. Ac ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE END OF THE GREAT
... output for so long. Because of flaws in the unemployment rate as a measure of cyclical utilization (see among others Coen 1973), and because consistent monthly and quarterly employment data are not available during the interwar period, we prefer to limit our attention to utilization as measured ...
... output for so long. Because of flaws in the unemployment rate as a measure of cyclical utilization (see among others Coen 1973), and because consistent monthly and quarterly employment data are not available during the interwar period, we prefer to limit our attention to utilization as measured ...
Economics Focus
... As of August 2010, the GGC Community counted more than 250 member companies in 60 countries distributed across all continents except Antarctica. Eligible Global Growth Companies have annual revenue between USD 100 million and USD 5 billion, an average year-to-year growth rate of 15%, and are require ...
... As of August 2010, the GGC Community counted more than 250 member companies in 60 countries distributed across all continents except Antarctica. Eligible Global Growth Companies have annual revenue between USD 100 million and USD 5 billion, an average year-to-year growth rate of 15%, and are require ...
The End of the Great Depression: VAR Insight on the Roles of
... into quarterly data by regressing on related monthly series. It is significant that the new dataset extends out to 1951:Q4 because 1947‐51 can be used as an overlap period to check the validity of the interpolation against the National Income and Product Accounts (hereafter NIPA) quarterly real ...
... into quarterly data by regressing on related monthly series. It is significant that the new dataset extends out to 1951:Q4 because 1947‐51 can be used as an overlap period to check the validity of the interpolation against the National Income and Product Accounts (hereafter NIPA) quarterly real ...
Gross domestic product
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of the size of an economy. It is defined as ""an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident, institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs)"" by the OECD.GDP estimates are commonly used to measure the economic performance of a whole country or region, but can also measure the relative contribution of an industry sector. This is possible because GDP is a measure of 'value added' rather than sales; it adds each firm's value added (the value of its output minus the value of goods that are used up in producing it). For example, a firm buys steel and adds value to it by producing a car; double counting would occur if GDP added together the value of the steel and the value of the car. Because it is based on value added, GDP also increases when an enterprise reduces its use of materials or other resources ('intermediate consumption') to produce the same output.The more familiar use of GDP estimates is to calculate the growth of the economy from year to year (and recently from quarter to quarter). The pattern of GDP growth is held to indicate the success or failure of economic policy and to determine whether an economy is 'in recession'.