public - Europa.eu
... – disposable income, overall consumption, production, etc. – or tax compliance), expenditures can be considered largely under the direct control of the government, except for a limited number of exogenously driven expenditure changes. As such, with few exceptions, nominal changes in government expen ...
... – disposable income, overall consumption, production, etc. – or tax compliance), expenditures can be considered largely under the direct control of the government, except for a limited number of exogenously driven expenditure changes. As such, with few exceptions, nominal changes in government expen ...
Mehmet Fatih Ekinci University of Rochester Sebnem Kalemli
... is observed for European regions but the region-level equivalent of GNI is not. We use approximations to regional-level GNI based on observed regional personal income and the ratio of GDP to GNI (“output/income”) is then an indicator of net capital income.15 We estimate two sets of regressions usin ...
... is observed for European regions but the region-level equivalent of GNI is not. We use approximations to regional-level GNI based on observed regional personal income and the ratio of GDP to GNI (“output/income”) is then an indicator of net capital income.15 We estimate two sets of regressions usin ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FINANCIAL INTEGRATION WITHIN EU COUNTRIES:
... is observed for European regions but the region-level equivalent of GNI is not. We use approximations to regional-level GNI based on observed regional personal income and the ratio of GDP to GNI (“output/income”) is then an indicator of net capital income.15 We estimate two sets of regressions usin ...
... is observed for European regions but the region-level equivalent of GNI is not. We use approximations to regional-level GNI based on observed regional personal income and the ratio of GDP to GNI (“output/income”) is then an indicator of net capital income.15 We estimate two sets of regressions usin ...
Lecture Notes - Wiwi Uni
... laid o¤ and the unemployment rate increases. We should expect that the unemployment rate follows the path of real output rather closely. Let us …rst de…ne the unemployment rate. De…nition 2 The labor force is the number of people, 16 or older, that are either employed or unemployed but actively look ...
... laid o¤ and the unemployment rate increases. We should expect that the unemployment rate follows the path of real output rather closely. Let us …rst de…ne the unemployment rate. De…nition 2 The labor force is the number of people, 16 or older, that are either employed or unemployed but actively look ...
In Search of General Patterns of Manufacturing Development
... of manufacturing industry for a country’s development. In fact, our new development pattern suggests that the share of manufacturing industry increases at a faster rate than that of S-C pattern during the early stages of industrialization. Moreover, although the process of deindustrialization sets i ...
... of manufacturing industry for a country’s development. In fact, our new development pattern suggests that the share of manufacturing industry increases at a faster rate than that of S-C pattern during the early stages of industrialization. Moreover, although the process of deindustrialization sets i ...
Do Legal Origins Have Persistent Effects Over Time?
... Panel B of Table 1 assumes that each legal tradition is a country and estimates average stock market capitalization to GDP figures by adding the capitalization (in US dollars) of the stock exchanges of all the countries that follow a specific legal tradition over the sum of GDP ...
... Panel B of Table 1 assumes that each legal tradition is a country and estimates average stock market capitalization to GDP figures by adding the capitalization (in US dollars) of the stock exchanges of all the countries that follow a specific legal tradition over the sum of GDP ...
Investigate how and the extent to which foreign aid damages the
... four-year period. In SSA short-impact aid raised average annual per capita income growth by three quarters of a percentage point or more between 1973 and 2001. Hadjimichael et al. (1995) findings of a positive impact of aid on growth in SSA driven by aid financed government investment over a six yea ...
... four-year period. In SSA short-impact aid raised average annual per capita income growth by three quarters of a percentage point or more between 1973 and 2001. Hadjimichael et al. (1995) findings of a positive impact of aid on growth in SSA driven by aid financed government investment over a six yea ...
Chapter Three - Mrs Swail`s Website
... What is the GDP? The GDP is an economic number that tells us the total value of all the final goods and services produced by resources located in the country you live in during a period of one year. So the 2004 US GDP would be the value of all the goods produced in the US in 2004. The GDP is seen as ...
... What is the GDP? The GDP is an economic number that tells us the total value of all the final goods and services produced by resources located in the country you live in during a period of one year. So the 2004 US GDP would be the value of all the goods produced in the US in 2004. The GDP is seen as ...
Fiscal Policy as a Stabilization Tool
... Since 2007 this framework has given way to one of grave concern about the sustainability of public finances and even the fear of sovereign default, combined with a growing pressure for fiscal policy to become a key instrument in economic recovery. There are many sides to the current debate on fisca ...
... Since 2007 this framework has given way to one of grave concern about the sustainability of public finances and even the fear of sovereign default, combined with a growing pressure for fiscal policy to become a key instrument in economic recovery. There are many sides to the current debate on fisca ...
Public Pension Systems and the Cyclical Sensitivity of Public
... govemment sector. Furthermore, pensions are not only important for public finances but are increasingly becoming even more so, as demographic changes willlead to a significant shift towards older populations in all Nordic countries. These changes will have long-ranging effect both on public finances ...
... govemment sector. Furthermore, pensions are not only important for public finances but are increasingly becoming even more so, as demographic changes willlead to a significant shift towards older populations in all Nordic countries. These changes will have long-ranging effect both on public finances ...
A General Welfare Decomposition for CGE Models
... of small changes that are equivalent, in total, to the large change. There are also contributions to national welfare arising from changes in relative prices (including export relative to import prices, or the terms of trade) as producers and consumers adjust their purchasing and sale patterns in re ...
... of small changes that are equivalent, in total, to the large change. There are also contributions to national welfare arising from changes in relative prices (including export relative to import prices, or the terms of trade) as producers and consumers adjust their purchasing and sale patterns in re ...
Preview Sample 1
... A. Also known as GDP. B. Also known as per capita GDP. C. The value of the factors of production used to produce output in a country. D. A measure of the economic growth rate of a country. 12. Which of the following is an indicator of how much output the average person would get if all output were d ...
... A. Also known as GDP. B. Also known as per capita GDP. C. The value of the factors of production used to produce output in a country. D. A measure of the economic growth rate of a country. 12. Which of the following is an indicator of how much output the average person would get if all output were d ...
A New Look at China`s Output Fluctuations: Quarterly GDP
... The MUC estimated quarterly real GDP for China provides a better alternative of China’s quarterly real output data for different univariate and multivariate time series analyses. To evaluate the data quality, I apply different univariate trend cycle analyses, such as HodrickPrescott filter (1997, HP ...
... The MUC estimated quarterly real GDP for China provides a better alternative of China’s quarterly real output data for different univariate and multivariate time series analyses. To evaluate the data quality, I apply different univariate trend cycle analyses, such as HodrickPrescott filter (1997, HP ...
The public budget balance -
... stance and can be used as a fiscal policy indicator. As a measure of changes in fiscal policy, the proposed indicator has two advantages over existing indicators used by international organizations. First, the adjustment of changes in the economy is attached to important tax bases, rather than to th ...
... stance and can be used as a fiscal policy indicator. As a measure of changes in fiscal policy, the proposed indicator has two advantages over existing indicators used by international organizations. First, the adjustment of changes in the economy is attached to important tax bases, rather than to th ...
The Baltic States and Europe: Common Factors of
... contractions in series representing the levels of economic development. This approach is typically associated with the NBER4. Later due to very high rates of real economic growth after World War II and a slowdown rather than absolute declines in the overall economic activity, a view that an economic ...
... contractions in series representing the levels of economic development. This approach is typically associated with the NBER4. Later due to very high rates of real economic growth after World War II and a slowdown rather than absolute declines in the overall economic activity, a view that an economic ...
The public budget balance - fiscal indicators and cyclical sensitivity
... stance and can be used as a fiscal policy indicator. As a measure of changes in fiscal policy, the proposed indicator has two advantages over existing indicators used by international organizations. First, the adjustment of changes in the economy is attached to important tax bases, rather than to th ...
... stance and can be used as a fiscal policy indicator. As a measure of changes in fiscal policy, the proposed indicator has two advantages over existing indicators used by international organizations. First, the adjustment of changes in the economy is attached to important tax bases, rather than to th ...
C Forecast of macroeconomic indicators
... representing dropout in cash tax receipts means a change in the size of accrual taxes. In the case of reduction in VAT rate on selected services, a yearly impact is given. However only its half size is included in the size of reported deficit as this change is assumed to be effective from mid-year. ...
... representing dropout in cash tax receipts means a change in the size of accrual taxes. In the case of reduction in VAT rate on selected services, a yearly impact is given. However only its half size is included in the size of reported deficit as this change is assumed to be effective from mid-year. ...
Estimating simple fiscal policy reaction functions for the euro area
... reaction function.2 Time-series estimates of a fiscal policy reaction function for the euro area in levels have generally indicated a weak degree of anti-cyclical policy, while estimates of a fiscal policy reaction function in first differences have indicated a stronger degree of anti-cyclical polic ...
... reaction function.2 Time-series estimates of a fiscal policy reaction function for the euro area in levels have generally indicated a weak degree of anti-cyclical policy, while estimates of a fiscal policy reaction function in first differences have indicated a stronger degree of anti-cyclical polic ...
The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statement
... to revenue and capital expenditures from Budget 201718. The corrections on this expenditure imbalance be targeted through proactive policy measures by enhancing both direct capital expenditure as well as the capital component of the revenue expenditure which is transferred as Grants for the creation ...
... to revenue and capital expenditures from Budget 201718. The corrections on this expenditure imbalance be targeted through proactive policy measures by enhancing both direct capital expenditure as well as the capital component of the revenue expenditure which is transferred as Grants for the creation ...
The underground economy is a general name for many kinds of
... magnitudes may well be of significance to crime fighters. Sharp changes in this kind of economic activity may well be a better forecast of conditions for law enforcement than changes in the value of the GDP arising from unmeasured final production. The Ministry of Finance may also be concerned with ...
... magnitudes may well be of significance to crime fighters. Sharp changes in this kind of economic activity may well be a better forecast of conditions for law enforcement than changes in the value of the GDP arising from unmeasured final production. The Ministry of Finance may also be concerned with ...
Economic Development and Consumption Inequality: Evidence and Theory
... economic development on consumption inequality. In particular, adding …nancial development to the regression equation of consumption inequality on real GDP per capita and income inequality renders the coe¢ cient on real GDP per capita statistically insigni…cant while producing a signi…cantly negativ ...
... economic development on consumption inequality. In particular, adding …nancial development to the regression equation of consumption inequality on real GDP per capita and income inequality renders the coe¢ cient on real GDP per capita statistically insigni…cant while producing a signi…cantly negativ ...
The Spanish Sovereign Debt Crisis Governments Ethan Haswell
... coalition or a government that just came to power, and the ratio of transfer income to total income, affect some political outcomes. However, the sign of these effects is not always as we would expect given previous literature and our own rationale. Additionally, none of these factors significantly ...
... coalition or a government that just came to power, and the ratio of transfer income to total income, affect some political outcomes. However, the sign of these effects is not always as we would expect given previous literature and our own rationale. Additionally, none of these factors significantly ...
What Caused The Great Moderation?
... While the timing of oil price shocks will be common to all countries, the size of the shock will depend on several factors. First, oil is priced in dollars. Therefore, the size of a shock in a particular country will depend on the price of oil measured in that country’s currency. An appreciation of ...
... While the timing of oil price shocks will be common to all countries, the size of the shock will depend on several factors. First, oil is priced in dollars. Therefore, the size of a shock in a particular country will depend on the price of oil measured in that country’s currency. An appreciation of ...
Productivity and unit labour cost comparisons: a data base
... Output is defined as “gross value added” (or, in national accounts terms, “gross domestic product”), which is the total domestic production value minus the value of purchased intermediate inputs. These variables are primarily obtained from national accounts statistics which are calculated according ...
... Output is defined as “gross value added” (or, in national accounts terms, “gross domestic product”), which is the total domestic production value minus the value of purchased intermediate inputs. These variables are primarily obtained from national accounts statistics which are calculated according ...
GVA and GDP 2014 report
... (the difference between output and intermediate purchases); and expenditure (the sum of all final expenditure in the economy e.g. consumer and government spending, capital investment, imports and exports). The income and output measures both derive estimates of value added. At present, data exists i ...
... (the difference between output and intermediate purchases); and expenditure (the sum of all final expenditure in the economy e.g. consumer and government spending, capital investment, imports and exports). The income and output measures both derive estimates of value added. At present, data exists i ...
Gross domestic product
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of the size of an economy. It is defined as ""an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident, institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs)"" by the OECD.GDP estimates are commonly used to measure the economic performance of a whole country or region, but can also measure the relative contribution of an industry sector. This is possible because GDP is a measure of 'value added' rather than sales; it adds each firm's value added (the value of its output minus the value of goods that are used up in producing it). For example, a firm buys steel and adds value to it by producing a car; double counting would occur if GDP added together the value of the steel and the value of the car. Because it is based on value added, GDP also increases when an enterprise reduces its use of materials or other resources ('intermediate consumption') to produce the same output.The more familiar use of GDP estimates is to calculate the growth of the economy from year to year (and recently from quarter to quarter). The pattern of GDP growth is held to indicate the success or failure of economic policy and to determine whether an economy is 'in recession'.