• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Kinetics and Mechanism of Uncatalyzed and Ag (I) Catalyzed
Kinetics and Mechanism of Uncatalyzed and Ag (I) Catalyzed

... sulphuric acid medium and sulphato complexes, such as CeSO42+, Ce(SO4)2 and Ce(SO4)32- have been established and quantified [26]. However, cerium (IV) in perchloric acid medium does not indicate complex formation, although Ce4+, Ce(OH)3+, (Ce-O-Ce)6+ and (HOCe-O-CeOH)4+ species of cerium (IV) are we ...
1 CHAPTER ONE Palladium in Organic Synthesis 1.1 Background
1 CHAPTER ONE Palladium in Organic Synthesis 1.1 Background

Instructor`s Guide  - Ventura Educational Systems
Instructor`s Guide - Ventura Educational Systems

if Cytochrome substrate  and  prosthetic-group free  radicals
if Cytochrome substrate and prosthetic-group free radicals

Brief Guide to the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry
Brief Guide to the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry

... The boundaries between ‘organic’ and ‘inorganic’ compounds are blurred. The nomenclature types described in this document are applicable to compounds, molecules and ions that do not contain carbon, but also to many structures that do contain carbon (Section 2), notably those containing elements of G ...
Brief Guide to the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry
Brief Guide to the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry

Nomenclature Notes
Nomenclature Notes

... composed. The latter is a complex anion, and it is then divided formally into its constituent central cation and its associated six chloride anions or ligands. Finally, the individual names are then assembled to give the compound name trisodium hexachloridocobaltate. In this system, organic ligands ...
Class XII Chapter 9 – Coordination Compounds
Class XII Chapter 9 – Coordination Compounds

answers to part a of the canadian chemistry
answers to part a of the canadian chemistry

... The people involved in preparing the CCC very much appreciate all the comments and feedback that we get from teachers. We have tried to incorporate some of these comments in with the solutions. We have also tried to indicate how students did in particular questions, although, unfortunately, we have ...
Chemistry - Kendriya Vidyalaya Raigarh
Chemistry - Kendriya Vidyalaya Raigarh

... Hydrogen bonds are stronger than Van der Walls forces since hydrogen bonds are regarded as an extreme form of dipole-dipole interaction. Q.2. Write the favourable factors for the formation of ionic bond. Ans-(i) Low ionization enthalpy of metal atom. (ii) High electron gain enthalpy (Δeg H) of a non ...
Class XII Chapter 9 – Coordination Compounds Chemistry Question
Class XII Chapter 9 – Coordination Compounds Chemistry Question

Distortions in Octahedral Geometry
Distortions in Octahedral Geometry

“Midterm” Exam # 1 - Elgin Community College
“Midterm” Exam # 1 - Elgin Community College

... All three atoms are sp3 hybridized Discuss the bonding A sigma bond between each Cl and I that is sp3 hybridized. 3 lone pairs on each Cl and two lone pairs on I ...
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS - Clayton State University
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS - Clayton State University

Answers to NHSCE 2002 Part A Page 1
Answers to NHSCE 2002 Part A Page 1

Structure and Reverse Hydrogen Spillover in Mononuclear Au 0 and
Structure and Reverse Hydrogen Spillover in Mononuclear Au 0 and

... than the AuI complex. However, while using gold clusters or monomer on a zeolite support, there is a tendency of the acidic hydrogen of zeolite to migrate on to the cluster which is known as reverse hydrogen spillover. Although reverse hydrogen spillover has been studied for some metal clusters, no ...
Chemical Nomenclature
Chemical Nomenclature

The Art of Manufacturing Gold Catalysts
The Art of Manufacturing Gold Catalysts

... be fruitfully used for preparing Au supported catalyst. Any surface is characterized by a pH called PZC (point of zero charge) or IEP (isoelectric point) at which the surface is neutral. At pH below the IEP the surface is negatively charged while at pH over the IEP, the surface is positively charged ...
Part A Completion
Part A Completion

Calixarene-Based Oxovanadium Complexes as Molecular Models
Calixarene-Based Oxovanadium Complexes as Molecular Models

... Until recently, oxovanadium complexes of calix[4]arenes (C4–) were not known, and the literature on the coordination of oxovanadium units by other calixarene-based ligands was scarce, too: one complex with a ligand derived from H4C by monomethylation of a phenolic function, CMeVV=O (1), (see Scheme ...
Sample Exercise 24.1 Identifying the Coordination Sphere of a
Sample Exercise 24.1 Identifying the Coordination Sphere of a

Cyclohexane oxidation continues to be a challenge
Cyclohexane oxidation continues to be a challenge

A Chromium(III)−Superoxo Complex in Oxygen Atom Transfer
A Chromium(III)−Superoxo Complex in Oxygen Atom Transfer

Quaternary Neptunium Compounds: Syntheses and
Quaternary Neptunium Compounds: Syntheses and

... The solid-state chemistry of Np is thought to be intermediate between those of U and Pu, but the dearth of wellcharacterized examples of Np compounds remains an impediment to the full understanding of its chemistry. This is especially true for the non-oxide, non-neptunyl compounds where the stabilit ...
ch23
ch23

< 1 ... 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ... 59 >

Oxidation state

The oxidation state, often called the oxidation number, is an indicator of the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Conceptually, the oxidation state, which may be positive, negative or zero, is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic, with no covalent component. This is never exactly true for real bonds.The term ""oxidation"" was first used by Lavoisier to mean reaction of a substance with oxygen. Much later, it was realized that the substance on being oxidized loses electrons, and the use of the term ""oxidation"" was extended to include other reactions in which electrons are lost.Oxidation states are typically represented by small integers. In some cases, the average oxidation state of an element is a fraction, such as 8/3 for iron in magnetite (Fe3O4). The highest known oxidation state is reported to be +9 in the cation IrO+4, while the lowest known oxidation state is −5 for boron, gallium, indium, and thallium. The possibility of +9 and +10 oxidation states in platinum group elements, especially iridium(IX) and platinum(X), has been discussed by Kiselev and Tretiyakov.The increase in oxidation state of an atom through a chemical reaction is known as an oxidation; a decrease in oxidation state is known as a reduction. Such reactions involve the formal transfer of electrons, a net gain in electrons being a reduction and a net loss of electrons being an oxidation. For pure elements, the oxidation state is zero.There are various methods for determining oxidation states/numbers.In inorganic nomenclature the oxidation state is determined and expressed as an oxidation number represented by a Roman numeral placed after the element name.In coordination chemistry, oxidation number is defined differently from oxidation state.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report