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Climate Change and the Chugach and Tongass National Forests
Climate Change and the Chugach and Tongass National Forests

... somewhat differently, they generally agree that the region will see increases of about 2oF over the next few decades, 3-4oF in the second half of this century, and 4-7oF by late century. Where precipitation trends are discussed, it is generally agreed that both total precipitation and incidence of h ...
Marginal abatement cost curves for policy making
Marginal abatement cost curves for policy making

... started with abatement cost curves on a country level, they published one of the few expertbased global marginal abatement cost curves. Depending on the discount rate used and the consideration of subsidies and taxes, one can differentiate expert-based curves into abatement curves from a private and ...
Public Perceptions of Climate Change
Public Perceptions of Climate Change

... causes, and concern over its effects Views on climate change are related to age, with younger Marylanders most likely to say that climate change is happening and each older generation sharing this view less and less. Eightynine percent of Millennials (ages 18-35) and 84 percent of Generation X (ages ...
Climate Change, Agricultural Adaptation and Fairtrade
Climate Change, Agricultural Adaptation and Fairtrade

... there is a large genetic pool for heat resistance which can be exploited by rice breeders. Nevertheless, it will take time before new varieties with suitable characteristics are available. Meanwhile, some projections suggest that increased temperature will lead to a significant reduction in the grow ...
SOCIAL SCIENCES: Sustainability Science Projected land
SOCIAL SCIENCES: Sustainability Science Projected land

... use change, such as changes in future crop prices, can have large impacts on projected land-use change with cascading effects on the provision of ecosystem services. We find that projected land-use changes by 2051 will likely enhance the provision of some ecosystem services. For example, carbon sequ ...
User Friendly Manual of the EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT)
User Friendly Manual of the EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT)

... equivalent that were emitted or sequestered due to project implementation as compared to a business-asusual scenario. EX-ACT is a land-based accounting system, estimating C stock changes (i.e. emissions or sinks of CO2) as well as GHG emissions per unit of land, expressed in equivalent tonnes of CO2 ...
The Age of Consequences: The Foreign Policy
The Age of Consequences: The Foreign Policy

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Simulated and Observed Preindustrial to Modern
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... interval was insufficient to significantly enhance photosynthesis. Fung instead proposed that increasing temperatures might have accelerated snowmelt and lengthened the growing season, thereby enhancing photosynthesis, while the melting of permafrost might have released trapped nutrients. Lucht et a ...
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influence of surface/free-air decoupling on temperature trend patterns
influence of surface/free-air decoupling on temperature trend patterns

... exposed free‐air locations. On a mean annual basis there are no strong relationships between temperature trend magnitude, elevation, topographic incision, or coupling index. However, in winter, warming is weaker at decoupled locations, especially when snow cover is present. Where snow is absent in w ...
Research and Information Gathering on Climate Change Mitigation
Research and Information Gathering on Climate Change Mitigation

... recommendations to aid the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, as well as other ministries and stakeholders selected by MOECC, in planning for climate change and responding to the 2015 coordinated review (2015 Coordinated Review) of the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe (Growt ...
Global Change Impact Assessment for Himalayan Mountain Regions
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... adaptation services under different scenarios of climate and management change, based on our understanding of the ecological mechanisms that underpin the supply of ecosystem services (Bennett et al., 2009; Luck et al., 2009) (Fig. 1). Climate, other abiotic factors and management are proximate drive ...
The age of consequences—the foreign policy and national security
The age of consequences—the foreign policy and national security

... rise in global sea levels, and the destruction beyond repair of the existing natural order. For each of the three plausible climate scenarios, we asked a national security expert to consider the projected environmental effects of global warming and map out the possible consequences for peace and sta ...
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... IEAGHG runs several Research Networks relevant to CCS and the marine environment. There has recently been a combined meeting of the Monitoring Network and the Modelling Research Network hosted by WVU in Morgantown, USA. There was a dedicated session on ‘Offshore Monitoring’. Of note were the advance ...
The Age of Consequences - The Web site cannot be found
The Age of Consequences - The Web site cannot be found

... rise in global sea levels, and the destruction beyond repair of the existing natural order. For each of the three plausible climate scenarios, we asked a national security expert to consider the projected environmental effects of global warming and map out the possible consequences for peace and sta ...
The terrestrial biosphere as a net source of greenhouse gases to the
The terrestrial biosphere as a net source of greenhouse gases to the

... methane and nitrous oxide emissions in particular can contribute to climate change2,3. The terrestrial biogenic fluxes of individual greenhouse gases have been studied extensively4–6, but the net biogenic greenhouse gas balance resulting from anthropogenic activities and its effect on the climate sy ...
Building Social Resilience: Protecting and Empowering Those Most
Building Social Resilience: Protecting and Empowering Those Most

... Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2015, in which governments will adopt a successor agreement to the HFA. Coming at the end of the HFA’s 10 year cycle, GAR15 will: explore the landscape of global disaster risk at the end of the HFA; analyze how much the HFA has contributed to reducing disaste ...
Civil Society Guide to Healthy Rivers and Climate
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... resources management (for example, reducing water quality and lowering water availability), and it can profoundly alter key ecological and hydrological qualities (for example, altering fundamental flow regime qualities). Climate change is now beginning to shift from its current role as an “intensifi ...
Indian Ocean Territory Climate Change Risk Assessment
Indian Ocean Territory Climate Change Risk Assessment

... Both Territories experienced changes in the climate (such as air temperature and rainfall) over the past decades. These trends are likely to continue and even accelerate during the 21st Century. The observed climate trends for the IOT include: an increase in annual and seasonal air temperature by 0. ...
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(East Coast fever) in sub-Saharan Africa

... R. appendiculatus infestation. However, the northern and eastern Cape provinces of South Africa as well as Botswana, Zambia and eastern DRC, that are currently unsuitable, are rendered climatically suitable for R. appendiculatus under future climate scenarios. This may be because of enhanced rainfal ...
Climate-driven expansion of blanket bogs in Britain during the
Climate-driven expansion of blanket bogs in Britain during the

... Keatinge and Dickson, 1979; Tallis, 1991). Soil-forming processes, including leaching of base cations and consequent acidification and podsolization of soils, were also proposed to have been influential (Bennett et al., 1992; Charman, 1992; Smith and Green, 1995), giving rise to the term “pedogenic ...
Climate politics in the lower Mekong basin
Climate politics in the lower Mekong basin

... be defined as ‘a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity’ (IPCC 2001, p. 995). Climate vulnerabilities vary between countries and regions, providing different incentives for action. However, what is ...
MULTI‐MUNICIPAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
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... The results of this GHG emissions inventory are designed to help planners, elected officials,  residents and business owners confront the significant challenges that climate change and growing  global energy demand represent.  Our modern economy is based upon the consumption of inexpensive  energy f ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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