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S2013034_en.pdf
S2013034_en.pdf

... patterns, the reduction of the world’s ice masses and snow deposits, rising sea levels and changes in the intensity and frequence of extreme weather events are also foreseen consequences (IPCC, 2007). Climate change will affect the economic activity, the population and the ecosystems significantly a ...
city of santa cruz city climate change vulnerability assessment
city of santa cruz city climate change vulnerability assessment

... We are at a point on a long curve or trajectory of climate change trends but individual  scientists using different assumptions or models have generated different  extrapolations for the various climate parameters (air temperature, sea level rise  Vulnerability part one   ...
A Review of Climate Change Induced Effects on Avian Prey Species
A Review of Climate Change Induced Effects on Avian Prey Species

... exists for the eastern fox population. Food sources in both regions differ from each other and vary from summer to winter, but reliable and ample winter time food sources are the most critical for fox population’s survival. A literature review on arctic foxes and their prey species in the face of cl ...
The End of the Kyoto Protocol - Digital Commons @ Georgia Law
The End of the Kyoto Protocol - Digital Commons @ Georgia Law

... coupled with the fact that some of the world’s largest emitters are developing countries who have no binding commitments under the Protocol, has prompted many critics to label the Kyoto Protocol a failure.21 According to one critic: “If cutting global carbon emissions was [the Kyoto Protocol’s] aim, ...
BIBLIOGRAPHY BOMAL-O, CARLA G. APRIL 2012. Documentation
BIBLIOGRAPHY BOMAL-O, CARLA G. APRIL 2012. Documentation

... This opinion was based on the 2002 study of Denier van der Gon et al. It was found that during the five years of successive tropical wet and dry seasons in the Philippines, rice plants with higher numbers of filled grain spikelets, or those that more closely reach their potential yield limits emitte ...
Climate predictability - Institut Català de Ciències del Clima
Climate predictability - Institut Català de Ciències del Clima

... The atmosphere, as any dynamical system highly sensitive to initial conditions, has a finite limit of predictability. This threshold affects our ability to anticipate the evolution of the climate system at all timescales, from the forecast of interannual anomalies some months ahead to the study of t ...
Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from US Agriculture
Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from US Agriculture

... run effects of extreme heat exposure on corn yields, and point estimates across a range of specifications suggest that long run adaptions have more likely offset none of these short run impacts. We also show limited evidence for adaptation along other margins within agriculture: revenues are simila ...
Climate Change and Poverty—An Analytical Framework
Climate Change and Poverty—An Analytical Framework

... Despite substantial progress in reducing poverty rates from some 42% 20 years ago to what is expected to be less than 15% in 2015, close to 1 billion people still live in poverty (Chen and Ravallion, 2010). 2 Many more hover just above the poverty line, vulnerable to shocks that could send them into ...
Forecasting climate change impacts on plant populations over large
Forecasting climate change impacts on plant populations over large

... projections of habitat suitability or probability of occurrence provide little information on the future states of populations in the core of their range—areas where a species exists now and is expected to persist in the future (Ehrlén and Morris 2015). Furthermore, because they lack short-­term dyn ...
FAO, forests and climate change
FAO, forests and climate change

... Deploying sustainable forest management (SFM)1 can not only lessen the risks posed by climate change, it can generate opportunities, such as employment in forest restoration, forest conservation, wood production and wood-based manufacturing; tenure reform; and payments for forest-related services. E ...
Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014 – 2023
Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014 – 2023

... several years, as indicated by the steady growth in GDP, rising household income, and reduced poverty rate. Retaining this robust growth performance under a changing climate will be a real challenge in the years to come. Response efforts to address climate change cannot be separated from economic de ...
CLIMATE CHANGE: Regional Climate Model Predictions for Ireland (2001-CD-C4-M2) Environmental RTDI Programme 2000–2006
CLIMATE CHANGE: Regional Climate Model Predictions for Ireland (2001-CD-C4-M2) Environmental RTDI Programme 2000–2006

... Figure 2.3. Regional Climate Model verification. The temperature measured at 2-m height (i.e. the standard meteorological temperature) is difficult to model. The ERA-40 data, while based on meteorological observations, do not accurately reflect the regional variation in observed temperatures, mainly ...
Absolute Abundance and Relative Scarcity: Announced Policy
Absolute Abundance and Relative Scarcity: Announced Policy

... announcement and implementation, it begs the question how carbon dioxide emissions in this period respond to the announcement of future climate policy. Such concerns, however, have not entered the policy makers agendas, and there has been no attempt to implement climate change policy in an expedite ...
Death by Degrees: North Carolina
Death by Degrees: North Carolina

... encourage the growth of food contaminants, such as E. coli and salmonella, illnesses that already affect North Carolina’s residents. Global warming also may change the chemical composition of the water that fish and shellfish inhabit, causing the amount of life-sustaining oxygen in the water to dec ...
Climate change in the Arctic: current and future
Climate change in the Arctic: current and future

... Climate change is already occurring in the Arctic and the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment recently concluded that future climate change could be devastating for Inuit. This paper characterises vulnerability to climate change in two Inuit communities in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, focusing on ...
Lecture 3 FINAL DRAFT
Lecture 3 FINAL DRAFT

... In this third and final Lecture, the focus is on the planners’ response, specifically the methods and tools planners can and should use to help protect the climate and increase their community’s resilience. Note that the material in this Lecture spans two sessions or class periods. Sections A to D o ...
Florida on the Coast of Climate Change: Responding to
Florida on the Coast of Climate Change: Responding to

... INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. ...
consequences
consequences

... The nexus of environment, climate change and migration is becoming an increasingly important issue as climate change is generally understood as the potential cause of mass migration especially from the areas where low-income and resource –dependent communities live in environments that are already e ...
Inequality, communication, and the avoidance of disastrous climate change in a public goods game (opens in new window)
Inequality, communication, and the avoidance of disastrous climate change in a public goods game (opens in new window)

... redistribute were decisive in the asymmetrical games. On average, rich players in successful groups contributed €3.17 in round 4, whereas they contributed €2.06 in failing groups (n = 20; P = 0.005, two-sided MWW test). Cumulative contributions by the rich over rounds 4–6 were €9.83 in successful gr ...
UK Climate action following the Paris Agreement
UK Climate action following the Paris Agreement

... Greenhouse gas removal (GGR) technologies are ways to reduce the level of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the air. We already include three such options in our UK scenarios to 2050: bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, afforestation and wood in construction. The full range of pote ...
Sea-level Rise Projections
Sea-level Rise Projections

... NCA report18 notes that how much weight ...
Permafrost_breakout
Permafrost_breakout

... Impact on Climate Change Treaty • 2°C warming target • Account for permafrost emissions • AR5 Projections don’t include permafrost emissions • Temperatures higher with feedback • Emissions targets may be too high • Risk overshooting 2°C warming target ...
Project Packet
Project Packet

... however, is the average weather over decades and centuries in a specific location. We can look out our window and see how weather changes every day, but we need data that has been tracked over hundreds of years to understand how the climate may be changing. Climate tracking is important to communiti ...
Climate Change and the Chugach and Tongass National Forests
Climate Change and the Chugach and Tongass National Forests

... somewhat differently, they generally agree that the region will see increases of about 2oF over the next few decades, 3-4oF in the second half of this century, and 4-7oF by late century. Where precipitation trends are discussed, it is generally agreed that both total precipitation and incidence of h ...
Marginal abatement cost curves for policy making
Marginal abatement cost curves for policy making

... started with abatement cost curves on a country level, they published one of the few expertbased global marginal abatement cost curves. Depending on the discount rate used and the consideration of subsidies and taxes, one can differentiate expert-based curves into abatement curves from a private and ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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