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- Europa.eu
- Europa.eu

... Most efforts to reduce and mitigate the risks to vulnerable groups affected by economic and idiosyncratic shocks caused by natural disasters and climate change have been ad hoc. Establishing automatic mechanisms to trigger programs with the onset of a crisis and stop them at the end of it, so that r ...
North Atlantic Ocean Wave Climate Change Scenarios for the
North Atlantic Ocean Wave Climate Change Scenarios for the

... the regional climate is conditioned by the large-scale atmospheric state, both dynamical models (e.g., regional climate models, or RCMs) and empirical/statistical methods have been developed for ‘‘downscaling’’ GCM-projected climate changes (i.e., to construct climate change scenarios on regional sc ...
i Dissertation Topic: An assessment of the RDP settlements
i Dissertation Topic: An assessment of the RDP settlements

... Prominences of environmental issues such as climate change have increased the need to achieve environmental sustainability within the housing sector. Climate change is the abnormal change in the climate at a global scale. This change is caused by human activities that contribute to the increased con ...
Climate Change in the Caribbean and the Challenge of Adaptation
Climate Change in the Caribbean and the Challenge of Adaptation

... The IPCC 2007 Report indicates that, since 1750, global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have markedly increased as a result of human activities and now far exceed pre-industrial values determined from ice cores spanning many thousands of years. Global increase ...
Ho Chi Minh City Adaptation to Climate Change
Ho Chi Minh City Adaptation to Climate Change

... This study was done to assist Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) People’s Committee in adapting to and coping with climate change and variability.1 HCMC is at serious risk of flooding, both from regular and from extreme climatic events such as tropical storms and typhoons. In response to the flooding challenge ...
Insights to Key Questions about Climate Change
Insights to Key Questions about Climate Change

... and extreme precipitation events across the country are reported to be no more frequent than they were a century ago. Important conclusions from these data are that i) regional climate trends over the past 50-100 years that are consistent with theoretical expectations of an enhanced greenhouse effec ...
UCLA_IOE_Feb2007 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
UCLA_IOE_Feb2007 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences

... UCLA Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences UCLA Institute of the Environment Environmental Science Colloquium ...
The tipping point trend in climate change communication
The tipping point trend in climate change communication

... cultural prejudice blocks this realization. We fail to think in terms of thresholds and sensitivity to rapid change. Social policies presume linear notions of social change; stable and mechanistic perspectives on cause and effect guide our thinking about social problems. But if ‘‘social problems beh ...
Progress in Physical Geography
Progress in Physical Geography

... uncertainties led Rahmstorf (2007) to adopt a contrasting approach to projecting future sea-level rise. This employs a simple semiempirical model based on the relationship between global sea level (derived from Church and White, 2006) and temperature (derived from Hansen et al., 2001) for the period ...
Climate Change Fact Sheet Series
Climate Change Fact Sheet Series

... years the Earth’s surface and lowest part of the atmosphere have warmed up on average by about 0.6oC. During this period, manmade emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased, largely as a result of the burning of fossil fuels for energy and trans ...
Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation
Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation

... The first is a set of standard steps that should be conducted in any case. These are steps that can be implemented if a certain amount of information has already been compiled on climate change and its local impacts (“A-track” steps for planning and implementation of adaptation measures). Many local ...
E Chapter 14 Impacts of Disturbances etc
E Chapter 14 Impacts of Disturbances etc

... • Disturbances of marine ecosystems have occurred naturally in all places at all times. • Responses on disturbances in terms of species diversities appear general and predictable • Anthropogenic effects must be distinguishable from natural changes (by experimental design) • The continental shelves a ...
Poor and Powerful - the Rise of China and India and the
Poor and Powerful - the Rise of China and India and the

... emissions has risen to the top of the policy agenda in Western Europe, driven by concerns with maintaining high levels of living for current and future generations. China’s and India’s growth trajectory seems in direct conflict with this objective. Finding solutions requires understanding dynamics i ...
The Idle Free Zone section for “Schools”
The Idle Free Zone section for “Schools”

... • Eight minutes a day in the peak of winter • 75 million minutes of idling per day nationally • Reduced idling in the summer – 46 million minutes per day ...
Impacts of Climate Related Geo-engineering on Biological
Impacts of Climate Related Geo-engineering on Biological

... afforestation, reforestation, or measures that enhance natural carbon storage in soils and wetlands 4. Biological carbon capture, using harvested biomass and subsequent carbon storage: for example, through biochar, the long term storage of crop residues or timber, or bio-energy with carbon capture a ...
complete collection in -format
complete collection in -format

... Today, the single most challenging environmental issue facing the international community is global warming. In 1885 the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was adopted based on the Precautionary Principle, followed by the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone La ...
Good-Bye Kyoto - Carbon Market Watch
Good-Bye Kyoto - Carbon Market Watch

... laudable step forward in ambition. Yet, if emission reductions from such jurisdictions are counted towards national targets and sold as CDM offset credits at the same time, these reductions are counted towards multiple reduction goals. This means that the actual global emissions could be higher than ...
Lake Superior Climate Adaptation, Mitigation and Implementation Plan
Lake Superior Climate Adaptation, Mitigation and Implementation Plan

... Winter temperatures have also increased, resulting in a shorter winter season and fewer days with snow on the ground. While annual snowfall totals have been slowly increasing in the Superior Watershed region over the past couple of decades, predictions are for snow to melt more quickly and remain o ...
Guidelines for Responding to the Effects of Climate Change in
Guidelines for Responding to the Effects of Climate Change in

... its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation.” The IPCC’s First Assessment Report was completed in August 1990 and served as the technical basis for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 (UNFCCC). Its objective is the: ...
Non-Economic Loss and Damage Caused by Climatic
Non-Economic Loss and Damage Caused by Climatic

... 8 female KIIs, and 3 KIIs with government officials. By the end, several stories were collected that could be compared and contrasted between the villages. The evidence provided here demonstrates the challenges of exploring noneconomic losses and damages associated with climate change and the danger ...
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Broads
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Broads

... adaptation  practitioners  should  realistically  be  considering,  and  the  goal  set  by  both  the  EU   and  UNFCCC  to  avoid  dangerous  anthropogenic  influence  on  the  climate)  by  looking  at  the   RCP8.5  scenario  for  the  2050s  (2040-­‐2069).    It  also  provides  information  on ...
PDF
PDF

... then the First Nations people of the Yukon (Receveur et al. 1997). Even though a relatively small portion of total dietary energy may come from traditional food, its nutritional benefits and contribution to the total diet are substantial. Research findings are consistent across the Canadian Arctic ...
FOREWORD Mongolia`s harsh climatic conditions create one of the
FOREWORD Mongolia`s harsh climatic conditions create one of the

... A summary of education and public awareness and international activities, and technical and capacity building needs ...
Climate Change, Economic Growth, and Conflict
Climate Change, Economic Growth, and Conflict

... certainly due to the use of different measures of climate change and environmental degradation, data problems, and different sample sizes and time periods. Another part, we submit, is due to the fact that past research has focused on identification of a direct link between climatic conditions and c ...
Phasing Down the Use of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Phasing Down the Use of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

... not harm the ozone layer, but are potent greenhouse gases, with much greater short-term climate impact than carbon dioxide.2 Recent scientific estimates suggest that phasing down production and consumption of HFCs with the highest global warming potential (GWP) can cumulatively avoid the equivalent ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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