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Specialist Advice and literature review to support the Ad Hoc
Specialist Advice and literature review to support the Ad Hoc

... measures, are likely to result in more sustainable adaptation. This will require significant institutional support, which currently appears to be lacking. The impact of adaptation strategies on biodiversity has been shown to be negative in many circumstances, particularly in the case of „hard defenc ...
working group on adaptation and climate resilience final report
working group on adaptation and climate resilience final report

... well-being, the economy, and the natural environment. These impacts will persist and worsen, even with a concerted effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Mobilizing action on adaptation will help protect Canadians from climate change risks, build resilience, and ensure that society thrives in a ...
Outlook on climate change adaptation in the Tropical Andes
Outlook on climate change adaptation in the Tropical Andes

... institutional designs favour actions with shortterm gain. Too often stakeholders are forced to implement reactive policies instead of more costeffective preventive action. A long-term perspective towards adaptation also involves the development of indicators to measure success and failure in order t ...
Climate Change and Sea Level Rise
Climate Change and Sea Level Rise

... mm per year, as compared to the average rate of 1.8 [1.3 to 2.3] mm per year from 1961 to 2003 (IPCC, 2007); and significantly higher than the average rate of 0.1 to 0.2 mm/yr increase recorded by geological data over the last 3,000 years.1 Even if greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were stabilized in t ...
The coupled atmosphere–chemistry–ocean model SOCOL
The coupled atmosphere–chemistry–ocean model SOCOL

... (Song and Robinson, 2004; Gerber et al., 2012), but the underlying coupling mechanisms of stratosphere–troposphere interactions are still debated (Thompson et al., 2006; Gerber et al., 2012). The winter climate at high latitudes is also closely related to modes of variability – the barotropic Northe ...
Climate Change Indicators in the United States
Climate Change Indicators in the United States

... account for nearly three-fourths of the total, increased by 31 percent over this period. Like in the United States, the majority of the world’s emissions are associated with energy use. ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE LIMITED
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE LIMITED

... Agriculture and fisheries contribution to GDP, 2002 to 2005 .....................................................10 Preliminary studies on the impact of future climate change scenarios on the productivity of three cash crops ........................................................................... ...
Climate of the Past
Climate of the Past

... data – i.e. climate proxy records – are further needed for validation of climate models, to assure that the models are able to reproduce the observed climate change. Reconstructions of past climate changes can be obtained by analyzing different types of proxy data from natural archives, like biologi ...
Food Security and Climate Change Assessment: Sudan
Food Security and Climate Change Assessment: Sudan

... Climate zones A, B and C Due to the strong north-south gradient in annual rainfall amounts in Sudan, areas in the north and south of the country experince quite different climates, and as a result the livelihood activities are different. For example pastoralism occurs in the dry northern areas where ...
United Nations
United Nations

... Romania, Russian Federation, Turkey, the European Environment Agency (EEA), the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), the United Nations Environment Programme ...
Climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion Early effects on
Climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion Early effects on

... Many people in Europe are concerned about the impacts of climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion on human health. A warming trend and stratospheric ozone depletion have been observed in Europe over the last four decades. The European Environment and Health Committee identified the need to a ...
Synthesis of Climate Change and Transportation Research Efforts at
Synthesis of Climate Change and Transportation Research Efforts at

... emissions or to enhance GHG sinks in order to reduce the magnitude of anthropogenic climate change impacts in the future. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), mitigation involves “technological change and substitution that reduce resource inputs and emissions per unit o ...
Hoopa Valley Housing Authority Climate Action Plan
Hoopa Valley Housing Authority Climate Action Plan

... accomplished by reducing energy use, using energy more efficiently, and switching to renewable and environmentally responsible energy sources. In practice, this Plan also addresses community and cultural values. Our daily lives are intertwined with the energy that we consume and the ways we decide t ...
Tracking adaptation and measuring development
Tracking adaptation and measuring development

... of climate-related risks, and through the impacts of evolving climate-related risks on people’s vulnerability. Current development interventions that fail to address climate change, and current climate change interventions that fail to appreciate where business as usual cannot be secured through inc ...
International trends in public perceptions of climate change over the
International trends in public perceptions of climate change over the

... be underpinned by a range of different social forces and physical phenomena. With over two decades of research on public perceptions of climate change, we are now in a position to take stock of the key trends over this time period. There has, to date, been no attempt to review the full range of lite ...
Luiza C. Campos Senior Lecturer, University College London Geoff
Luiza C. Campos Senior Lecturer, University College London Geoff

... communities would help to better understand these impacts in a way that can inform decision making and adaptation strategies. The development of monitoring programmes by wastewater companies is recommended to capture the impacts of a changing climate, define climate-related performance thresholds an ...
STRIVE Elucidating the Impact of Report Series No.52
STRIVE Elucidating the Impact of Report Series No.52

... combined with a globally coherent approach to a more ...
Climate Scenario Development
Climate Scenario Development

... increasingly common and further evaluation of the relevant methods and their added value in impact assessment is warranted. Representing Extreme Events Extreme climate/weather events are very important for most climate change impacts. Changes in the occurrence and intensity of extremes should be inc ...
Facing an uncertain future : how forests and people can adapt to
Facing an uncertain future : how forests and people can adapt to

... In 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presented incontrovertible evidence that the global climate is changing because of human activities. Since the first IPCC report published in 1990, scientific knowledge has been growing and policy responses ...
National Climate Change Strategy
National Climate Change Strategy

... The development of this strategy responds to the above needs by ensuring that there is more coordination and complementarity between key economic sectors in implementing climate change activities. Moreover this Strategy makes it easier for the country to benefit from global climate change mitigatio ...
Climate Change Resilience Planning
Climate Change Resilience Planning

... In order to promote New York City’s resilience in the face of climate change, Central Park must maintain a healthy, robust, and stable ecosystem. Biodiversity plays an important role in climate change resilience. The more diverse an ecosystem is, the more likely it is to thrive, recover from disturb ...
Flammable Planet - The Cost of Carbon Pollution
Flammable Planet - The Cost of Carbon Pollution

... While the interaction of forest and wildfire dynamics often increases fire risks, climate change could also decrease certain risks. An increased CO2 fertilization effect will increase the level and rate of growth of woody plants in savanna ecosystems, such that they are more likely to escape low-lyi ...
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in the
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in the

... program supports collaborative research to inform adaptation policy and practice. Titles in this series are intended to share initial findings and lessons from research and background studies commissioned by the program. Papers are intended to foster exchange and dialogue within science and policy c ...
- Europa.eu
- Europa.eu

... Most efforts to reduce and mitigate the risks to vulnerable groups affected by economic and idiosyncratic shocks caused by natural disasters and climate change have been ad hoc. Establishing automatic mechanisms to trigger programs with the onset of a crisis and stop them at the end of it, so that r ...
North Atlantic Ocean Wave Climate Change Scenarios for the
North Atlantic Ocean Wave Climate Change Scenarios for the

... the regional climate is conditioned by the large-scale atmospheric state, both dynamical models (e.g., regional climate models, or RCMs) and empirical/statistical methods have been developed for ‘‘downscaling’’ GCM-projected climate changes (i.e., to construct climate change scenarios on regional sc ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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