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European Perceptions of Climate Change (EPCC) - ORCA
European Perceptions of Climate Change (EPCC) - ORCA

... Informing the cross-national survey The EPCC project was designed to maximise the relevance of the survey results for academic and nonacademic audiences. The countries involved in this project represent four key energy producing nations in Europe. They are significant not only for their large and va ...
factors influencing climate change adaptation
factors influencing climate change adaptation

... Climate change will drastically reduce tea production over the next 40 years with suitable lands being pushed up the altitude, denting earnings from one of the Kenya’s top hard currency source. The International Centre for Tropical Agriculture has it that, land under tea will reduce by 42percent by ...
Weather Files and Future Climate
Weather Files and Future Climate

... point to an increasingly warmer world, with greater warming across land and away from the equator (IPCC, 4th Assessment Report, 2007). Climate is defined as the long-term averages and ranges of different weather variables. As such climate change is a difficult concept for people to deal with as gene ...
Can Social Protection Increase Resilience to Climate Change?
Can Social Protection Increase Resilience to Climate Change?

... Resilience has been often criticised for not being a normative concept (Nelson 2009; Pelling 2011). In other words, resilience is ‘neither good nor bad; or more precisely put, that it can be good but it can also be bad’ (Béné et al. 2014:599). This is the case because the application of resilience ...
A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States
A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States

... Climate changes affect human health, natural ecosystems, and built environments, and stresses existing social, institutional, and legal arrangements. While a changing climate may create some new opportunities, the pace and magnitude of these changes will make historical planning and management pract ...
Urban Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience
Urban Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience

... This seven-module, five-day course starts with an introduction to climate change and climate change adaptation; provides tools and techniques for assessing climate change impacts and vulnerabilities; presents a framework for identification, evaluation, selection, and implementation of climate adapta ...
LIFE and Climate change mitigation
LIFE and Climate change mitigation

... EU Emissions Trading System and more reliable and transparent governance to ensure climate change mitigation targets are met. With regards to funding, 20% of the EU budget for 2014-2020 is dedicated to climate action. This includes €864 million that the new LIFE sub-programme for Climate Action will ...
Progress in Physical Geography   Sea levels: resolution and uncertainty
Progress in Physical Geography Sea levels: resolution and uncertainty

... uncertainties led Rahmstorf (2007) to adopt a contrasting approach to projecting future sea-level rise. This employs a simple semiempirical model based on the relationship between global sea level (derived from Church and White, 2006) and temperature (derived from Hansen et al., 2001) for the period ...
Clearing the Air on Oilsands Emissions
Clearing the Air on Oilsands Emissions

... its greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for 2020 and 2050 (Alberta also had a 2010 target to reduce emissions by 20 Mt below the business-as-usual level — a target the province failed to even come close to meeting in 201116). This regulation requires all facilities emitting more than 100,000 t ...
Climate Scientists Respond
Climate Scientists Respond

... as positive, and shifting increasingly towards the negative the higher that CO2 concentrations rise. Rising CO2 fertilization of productivity (and of carbon sequestration) of forests, grasslands, savannas of the world is also likely to be less than previously anticipated from overly simplistic model ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Ontario`s Forests
The Impact of Climate Change on Ontario`s Forests

... successful. Competitive abilities of plant species now present in Ontario’s forests may change, with some species becoming more competitive and others less so (e.g., herbaceous plants are favoured by increased CO2 compared to woody plants). Productivity and timber supply in northwestern and southern ...
Urban Climate Change Adaptation and - East
Urban Climate Change Adaptation and - East

... This seven-module, five-day course starts with an introduction to climate change and climate change adaptation; provides tools and techniques for assessing climate change impacts and vulnerabilities; presents a framework for identification, evaluation, selection, and implementation of climate adapta ...
unlocking ambition - The Climate Group
unlocking ambition - The Climate Group

... All this means that leaders don’t have to choose between being socially responsible and being profitable. In fact, they’re finding that, in this case, the two go hand in hand. For example, the City of Adelaide in South Australia (page 13) is working to become the “world’s first carbon neutral city,” ...
Transformational Adaptation: Concepts, Examples, and their
Transformational Adaptation: Concepts, Examples, and their

... number of barriers will need to be overcome to facilitate transformational adaptation, including psychological barriers that make it difficult for people to imagine the possible nature and impacts of climate change. This might be addressed using analogues of future impacts based on past extreme even ...
Climate Change and Its Causes - The Science and Public Policy
Climate Change and Its Causes - The Science and Public Policy

... important mechanisms, it is evident that their predicted climate sensitivity to CO2 changes may be extremely different from the true values. The left figure is partially adapted from “Catastrophe Denied: A Critique of Catastrophic Man-Made Global Warming Theory” by Warren Meyer, Phoenix Climate Lect ...
Observed relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and
Observed relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and

... Figure 2. Hourly ozone and temperatures for ozone seasons, aggregated into chemically coherent receptor regions in the eastern U.S. after Lehman et al. [2004] as observed by rural ambient monitoring stations of the CASTNET network. The blue bars at the top of each plot represent the amount of change ...
FB_CC_draft 01_Layout 1
FB_CC_draft 01_Layout 1

... and one also threatened by pesticide use and habitat loss. Similarly, the destruction of wetland and floodplain habitat, vitally important as buffers from flooding, will amplify the impacts of heavy rainfall events predicted under climate change. In the Lower Mississippi River Valley over 90 percent ...
Climate  Extremes:  Challenges  in  Estimating
Climate Extremes: Challenges in Estimating

... because of their high potential to cause damage from high winds, rainfall, and/ or storm surge flooding. These storms are an important component of the energetics climate system and occur in more or less constant numbers (globally) each year. They are more difficult to characterize statistically tha ...
The Effects of Climate Change and Urbanization on
The Effects of Climate Change and Urbanization on

... attempting to assess the future availability of regional water resources would incorporate both aspects into their modeling methods. The 2007 International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (FAR) has concluded that the global average surface air temperature has increased by 0. ...
Adaptive Co-Management for Climate Change Adaptation
Adaptive Co-Management for Climate Change Adaptation

... ―now policymakers face a new and challenging set of issues: how to develop strategies for attacking new environmental problems, how to develop better strategies for solving the old ones, and how to do both in ways that are more efficient, less taxing, and engender less political opposition‖ ([1], p. ...
- UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
- UNDP Climate Change Adaptation

... critical premise that implementation of the mitigation and adaptation policies necessary to successfully address the climate change challenge will only be achieved and sustained through involvement and commitment at all levels of decision-making. It is, therefore, necessary to apply a subsidiarity p ...
Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on the Supply of Phosphate
Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on the Supply of Phosphate

... cycle, and use the observed relationships between concentration and flow to estimate the phosphorous losses associated with different hydrologic components. The HBV model is a widely used hydrologic model in Sweden and Europe (Bergström, 1995; Lindström et al., 1997) and has been used to estimate pho ...
3 The role of biodiversity in societal adaptation to climate change
3 The role of biodiversity in societal adaptation to climate change

... measures, are likely to result in more sustainable adaptation. This will require significant institutional support, which currently appears to be lacking. The impact of adaptation strategies on biodiversity has been shown to be negative in many circumstances, particularly in the case of ‘hard defenc ...
Specialist Advice and literature review to support the Ad Hoc
Specialist Advice and literature review to support the Ad Hoc

... measures, are likely to result in more sustainable adaptation. This will require significant institutional support, which currently appears to be lacking. The impact of adaptation strategies on biodiversity has been shown to be negative in many circumstances, particularly in the case of „hard defenc ...
P:\10 Publications\Books\Why Scientists Disagree\Second Edition\(6
P:\10 Publications\Books\Why Scientists Disagree\Second Edition\(6

... group of scientists to present the evidence for natural climate warming and climate change is an essential counter-balance to the biased reporting of the IPCC. They have brought to focus a range of peer-reviewed publications showing that natural forces have in the past and continue today to dominate ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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