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Kyoto Protocol - muhlsdk12.org
Kyoto Protocol - muhlsdk12.org

... Jan 1, 2013 = California, the most populous state in the U.S. and the 9th biggest economy in the world, launched a carbon cap-and-trade system (auctioned carbon permits), establishing a declining limit on the state’s greenhouse-gas emissions. CA has legally committed itself to reducing its carbon em ...
- Wiley Online Library
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... substitute for governmental regulation and thereby eliminate most of the sources of political controversy— rather like Karl Marx’ prediction of the withering away of the state. Disguised as optimism, this approach is, in fact, pessimistic about our capacity to understand the truth and act nobly. So ...
Louise Hicks
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... • How to frame climate change related KPIs and other climate change related clauses in contracts. Incentives? • Increased top-down pressure on the supply chain will provide incentives for improved environmental management in a range of industries and service providers, not just the high-profile area ...
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... every year and threaten water and food security —especially among those “bottom 3 billion” people who are too poor to avail of the protections made possible by fossil fuel use and industrialization. Since a sustainable future based on the continued extraction of coal, oil and gas in the “business-as ...
Facts and Myths About Bushfires and Climate Change Factsheet
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... (assumes strengthening global action to limit climate change, in line with the 2015 Paris Agreement) and by 100 to 300 per cent for high emissions (assumes greater climate change due to higher levels of carbon pollution or a climate system more sensitive to greenhouse gases). 4 + NSW - The impacts o ...
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The natural greenhouse effect - Tamalpais Union High School District
The natural greenhouse effect - Tamalpais Union High School District

... In 2012 the global mean temperature was 0.85 °C higher than in 1880. The last three decades were each warmer than every other decade since temperature records began (1850). There is almost complete scientific certainty (95%) that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are the primary factor in the r ...
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... Climate change represents the most serious long-term threat to the natural environment. Climate Scenarios for the UK show that we can expect rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, sea-level rise and more extreme events such as storms, all of which will affect the natural environment. ...
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Introduction - San Jose State University
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... In addition to greenhouse gas emissions, other first- order human climate forcings are important to understanding the future behavior of Earth’s climate. These forcings are spatially heterogeneous and include the effect of aerosols on clouds and associated precipitation [e.g., Rosenfeld et al., 2008] ...
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... with oneself, with the rest of the community, with different cultures and with nature. It was under this premise that Ecuador established, by referendum, a new constitution in 2008 in Montecristi, which has been without a doubt a crucial step to addressing national and global issues. Our Constitutio ...
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... dioxide released into the atmosphere, of which is a direct result from the increased consumption of fossil fuel. This is called the "greenhouse effect", as defined by The Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change, the greenhouse effect is “warming that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiatin ...
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... 2010). This indicated that the economic cost of the disasters that occurred in Mozambique between 1980 and 2003 was 1,74 thousand million USD. However, this value underestimates the losses and impacts on the poor populations that live mostly in the coastal zones (60%) and derive their basic subsiste ...
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ASEAN Joint Statement on Climate Change

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... an internationally assessed set of data in order to regulate GHG emissions and removals of forest-related activities. Further discussions and a work programme to address the potential negative economic or social consequences of mitigation actions for other countries. The need to boost information-sh ...
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A broader view of the role of Roger A. Pielke Sr
A broader view of the role of Roger A. Pielke Sr

... of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The year-to-year variations can be seen along with the average four-year rate of ocean heat change with plus or minus one standard error. Willis’s estimate of the four-year rate is −0.076 ± 0.214 W m−2 or 0.12 ± 0.35 × 1022 joules per year but with additional un ...
WORLD CLIMATE RESEARCH PROGRAMME
WORLD CLIMATE RESEARCH PROGRAMME

... Are changes in the frequency and intensity of extremes predictable at seasonal to decadal scale? And how can society best use such forecasts? ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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