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Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)

... energy is significant. With the growing energy demand in Angola, this type of project is seen as priority in the Angolan energy sector strategy. Being an environmentally friendly technology, the renewable-energy projects contribute to sustainable development of the country and will serve as an examp ...
Understanding the Science of Climate Change Natural Resource Report  NPS/NRPC/NRR—2010/210
Understanding the Science of Climate Change Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/NRR—2010/210

... Climate change presents significant risks to our nation’s natural • Temperature and Greenhouse Gases and cultural resources. Although climate change was once be- • Water, Snow, and Ice lieved to be a future problem, there is now unequivocal scien• Vegetation and Wildlife tific evidence that our ...
AUSAID – UNDP PARTNERSHIP ON CLIMATE CHANGE 1
AUSAID – UNDP PARTNERSHIP ON CLIMATE CHANGE 1

... The potential for sustainability of the planned activities in support of climate change planning and implementation processes is high since there is increasing recognition among state governments that unless adequate actions are taken at the sub-national levels, climate change may become a major imp ...
Information Brief on Agriculture and Land at the UN Climate Change Conference 2014
Information Brief on Agriculture and Land at the UN Climate Change Conference 2014

... including those with adaptation and sustainable development co-benefits. Consideration of the land sector has taken place in this context, with high-level events and a Technical Expert Meeting (TEM). FAO was a keynote speaker at the TEM on the land sector at the Bonn meetings (June 2014) and a numbe ...
Uncertainty and Decision Making in Climate Change Economics
Uncertainty and Decision Making in Climate Change Economics

... There are a limited number of econometric studies of the impacts of climate on socioeconomic systems (Burke et al. 2009; Dell, Jones and Olken 2008; Deschenes and Greenstone 2007; Fisher Hanemann and Schlenker 2012; Mendelsohn Nordgaus and Shaw 1994; Schlenker Hanemann and Fisher 2005; Schelnker and ...
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... Paddy rice area declines, especially in Asia (i.e. China, India, and South East Asia). This is partially attributed to the fact that land growing rice emits methane to the atmosphere. In contrast, the area for the other crop sectors expands, especially for coarse grain and oilseeds as well as vegeta ...
The Role of Developing Countries in the Continuation of the Kyoto
The Role of Developing Countries in the Continuation of the Kyoto

... science, and the setting of emission targets based on potential environmental benefits (or the reduction in losses) is outside the scope of this inquiry. ...
the interaction between Global Climate Change AND Tropical Forest
the interaction between Global Climate Change AND Tropical Forest

... Cancer and Capricorn.[35] This includes a very diverse type of forest, including rainforests, mangroves, montane forests, dry forests and savanna system[35] and support a huge number of tree species.[44, 45, 46, 47] This tropical forests cover 7-10% of the global land area, store 4050% of carbon in ...
Status of climate change/variability studies and potential impacts of
Status of climate change/variability studies and potential impacts of

... Permafrost in northeast China is expected to disappear if temperatures increase by 2 0C or more. The northern part of China would be most vulnerable to hydrological impacts of climate change; future population growth and economic development here may exacerbate seriously the existing water shortage. ...
Welcome and Introduction - U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank
Welcome and Introduction - U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank

... Possible Authors: Gallager, Davis, Bucklin, Wiebe, Buckley, Benfield, et al. Synopsis: This paper summarizes the new technological developments developed and used in the program, including new optical imaging systems, acoustic samplers, and molecular techniques. The paper describes how this technolo ...
North America`s Mountain Pine Beetle Pandemic
North America`s Mountain Pine Beetle Pandemic

... recorded “much stronger trends in climate change,” like a recent melting of polar ice that had not been predicted. “That means you better start with intervention much earlier.” He said “If there’s no action before 2012, that’s too late. What we do in the next two to three years will determine our fu ...
Climate change, greenhouse gases and radiative forcing
Climate change, greenhouse gases and radiative forcing

... Since industrialisation, levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have risen due to human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Carbon dioxide is now at a level not seen for over 800,000 years, with CO2 concentrations briefly reaching 400 parts per million (by volume - pp ...
global warming - Walt Cunningham
global warming - Walt Cunningham

... between CO2 and global temperature in the last half of the twentieth century. They cannot be sure which is cause and which is effect. Looking at much longer periods of the Earth’s history, it becomes clear that temperature increases have preceded high CO2 levels by anywhere from 100 to 800 years, su ...
The Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment
The Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment

... climate change, and they stem from human choices in many arenas. They are by no means the only influence on climate, nor are they the only forcings considered by the IPCC. This assessment uses two future scenarios that differ in their assumptions about future greenhouse gas emissions and other facto ...
Climate change effects on Mount Kenya`s Glaciers
Climate change effects on Mount Kenya`s Glaciers

... began in the late 1800s. Human activity is having an impact on the Mount Kenya’s glaciers. Throughout the tropics, all the glaciers are receding. Whether the cause is decreased humidity or increased temperature, the results are the same. In the Andes precipitation has increased in the last hundred y ...
Global Climate Change as a Threat to U.S. National Security
Global Climate Change as a Threat to U.S. National Security

... and ‘Sustain Broad Cooperation on Key Global Challenges.’6 The four bottom circles in Figure 1 are a shorthand version of the 2010 NSS. Foreign interests is consistent with the “Sustain Broad Cooperation on Key Global challenges” strategy, Economy falls under the “Ensure a strong U.S. economy” strat ...
Climate Ready Stirling`s Main Issues Report
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... take the next steps to increase the community’s overall ability to plan for, and respond to, extreme weather and climate change impacts. 1.3 Weather and Climate The difference between weather and climate is a measure of time. Weather is basically what is happening outside the window at any given tim ...
Designing a Programme to Address Evidence Gaps in Greenhouse
Designing a Programme to Address Evidence Gaps in Greenhouse

... aerobic conditions where carbon is lost rapidly as CO2 to the atmosphere through decomposition of plant matter. Damaged peatlands can also lose their stored carbon through fluvial pathways, as particulate or dissolved organic matter; and as dissolved inorganic carbon derived from organic materials. ...
`Towards a Resilient Sydney` - climate change adaptation planning
`Towards a Resilient Sydney` - climate change adaptation planning

... kilometres. It sits within a coastal basin and is bordered by the Pacific coast to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, Hawkesbury River in the north, and Royal National Park to the south. [map 1] The city is of global importance to Australia, accounting for almost one-fifth of the national tot ...
Worksheets on Climate Change: The threat to tropical rainforests
Worksheets on Climate Change: The threat to tropical rainforests

... One ‘natural technology’ which can help reduce the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases is the sink function of vegetation, i.e. the bonding of CO2 by plants, particularly trees […]. The release of this CO2 through deforestation is a strain on the climate if forests are not regrown or resto ...
Appendix 5 Preparing Component Programmes 2013-16
Appendix 5 Preparing Component Programmes 2013-16

... – The achieved change in the protected areas legislation, now brings 26,000 ha of protected areas under a management effectiveness regime (indicator: extent of protected areas in ha covered by the ...
All developing countries where there is any ability to measure
All developing countries where there is any ability to measure

... the quantitative targets. For now, our assumption is that in any such scenario, other countries would follow by dropping out one by one, and the whole scheme would unravel.7 Or else the whole scheme would unravel much earlier if private actors rationally perceived that at some point in the future ma ...
From Climate Science to Adaptation Decision-Making Mark Stafford Smith
From Climate Science to Adaptation Decision-Making Mark Stafford Smith

... Adaptation timing and priorities ...
Relative climatic effects of landcover change and
Relative climatic effects of landcover change and

... effects of historical, anthropogenic landcover changes are of similar amplitude and may occur in similar regions of the globe so that their effects are not easily spatially isolated. Both are comparable in magnitude to observed trends in the past 2 decades, a period when regional temperature trends ...
Mountain Waters in a Changing World
Mountain Waters in a Changing World

... Water Transfer link project of India”, cf. Jain et al. 2005). These measures are, in turn, expected to cause changes in runoff regimes with impacts on water availability and ecosystem health in the lowlands. Population growth is also anticipated within the mountain regions themselves. According to F ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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