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Climate change presents increased potential for
Climate change presents increased potential for

... grids)   and   weekly   (6-­‐day)   timescales   for   13   Omernik   (Omernick,   1987)   level   II   ecoregions   of   the   US   (Figure   1a).   Separate   models   were   developed   for   each   ecoregion   given  that  climate-­‐VLF  re ...
Climate Change
Climate Change

... Be sure to look at the ‘Notes pages’ (below) for added comments to help in presenting and for more information and sources. Please feel free to email me with suggestions for improvements or useful comments. The intention is that YOU SHOULD PICK AND CHOOSE FROM THESE ...
Stott et al, 2000 - International Research Institute for Climate and
Stott et al, 2000 - International Research Institute for Climate and

... A rise in near-surface temperatures as rapid as that during the last 30 years occurred over several decades during the first half of the 20th century, followed by a period of more than three decades when temperatures showed no long-term increase. The net radiative forcing of the atmosphere from the ...
Adapting natural resource management to climate change in the
Adapting natural resource management to climate change in the

... obscure important changes in climate variability and extremes. Climate projections are based on mean temperature and precipitation per season and do not reflect potentially large changes in variability. Even with constant variability, the frequency of extreme events will increase much more than a sm ...
Building Resilience and Reducing Emissions
Building Resilience and Reducing Emissions

... The benefits of mitigation to climate change are global, while in general the benefits of adaptation are local (see Box 1 for definitions). Countries, communities, firms, and households can take proactive measures to offset their carbon footprints, and the benefits will be global and can be tracked ...
RobockEthicsOslo - Alan Robock
RobockEthicsOslo - Alan Robock

... I don’t think geoengineering will ever be implemented. How would the planetary governance decision be made as to whether to implement geoengineering, and if so how much? Whose hand would be on the planetary thermostat? The principle of informed consent governs medical interventions. How could we ge ...
Download country chapter
Download country chapter

... Improving energy consumption patterns in the transport sector is identified as a priority within the BCCSAP, particularly considering transport’s share of GHG emissions is growing faster than that of any other sector. Actions include promoting public transport, promoting energy efficiency, better tr ...
Himal South Asia, Oct 2009 - India Environment Portal | News
Himal South Asia, Oct 2009 - India Environment Portal | News

... Carving out the contours of the adjacent hills, the route to Gangotri glacier’s snout, Gaumukh, is an easy upward incline used by many for contemplation. Moraines in the four kilometres towards Gaumukh from Bhojbhasa have been marked by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) to measure the g ...
Robust projections of combined humidity and temperature extremes
Robust projections of combined humidity and temperature extremes

... We argue that the above joint behaviour arises from simple physical processes. On global scales and over open water bodies, near-surface humidity of the air roughly follows the increasing temperatures according to the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship, and thus relative humidity remains roughly consta ...
Trends - hvonstorch.de
Trends - hvonstorch.de

... 3. The observed trends in precipitation are stronger than the anthropogenic signal suggested by the models. 4. Possible causes: - scenarios inappropriate (false) - drivers other than CO2 at work (industrial aerosols?) - natural variability much larger than signal (signal-tonoise ratio  0.2-0.5). Pa ...
The Decline and Fall of Global Warming
The Decline and Fall of Global Warming

... These gases absorb infrared radiation emanating from the surface of the earth, which is warmed by solar heating. Since these gases redirect (re-radiate) this energy, an increasing fraction goes back down towards the surface of the earth as the concentrations of these gases increase. This phenomenon ...
PDF
PDF

... attributable to natural climate cycle and human activities, has adversely affected agricultural productivity in Africa and indeed Nigeria. Available evidences show that climate change is a global phenomenon, likewise its impacts, but the biting effects are more on the developing countries, especiall ...
Movements and Moments for Climate Justice
Movements and Moments for Climate Justice

... considered a failure by all but the masters of spin; a small group of nations pushed through an ineffective non-binding accord that ultimately was only ‘noted’ by the UNFCCC, a level of recognition so low within the UN’s bureaucratic terminology that it’s not even referred to as ‘an agreement’. The ...
Reporting team bios, Exxon documents, related stories and more
Reporting team bios, Exxon documents, related stories and more

... TEXT: For decades, Exxon led efforts to raise doubts about climate change science. LEE R. RAYMOND, CEO, EXXON CORPORATION - NOV. 1996 FOOTAGE: Proponents of the global warming theory say that higher levels of greenhouse gases are causing world temperatures to rise and that burning fossil fuels is th ...
2. Taking stock of the recommendations of the 2005 Communication
2. Taking stock of the recommendations of the 2005 Communication

... to limit average global temperature increase to a maximum of 2°C compared to pre-industrial levels. To meet this objective, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have to remain well below 550 parts per million volume (ppmv) CO2 equivalent, requiring global emission reductions of at least 15 ...
words
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...  What human activities are releasing more gases to the overall amount of gas in the atmosphere?  Some human activities raise gas emissions and therefore enhance the greenhouse effect. As a result the earth’s temperature rises. True or false? ...
Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse Gases

...  What human activities are releasing more gases to the overall amount of gas in the atmosphere?  Some human activities raise gas emissions and therefore enhance the greenhouse effect. As a result the earth’s temperature rises. True or false? ...
Moana Ola Pasifika Public Health Network Submission on New
Moana Ola Pasifika Public Health Network Submission on New

... increasing annual costs for Pacific, Maori and vulnerable communities. Although this is not simple, given the many factors which can contribute to “vulnerability.” This may mean that targeted legislation and policy, outside or in addition to general health equity measures with regard to areas which ...
Climate vulnerability of biophysical systems in
Climate vulnerability of biophysical systems in

... Shift in species distribution Many studies have indicated that distribution of the moist tropical forests will be increasingly affected by changes in precipitation and temperature from global climate change (Nicholson et  al. 2000, Lewis 2005, IPCC 2007). Climate projections suggested that tropical ...
Frequency of wet and dry soil conditions in Tasmanian beef and
Frequency of wet and dry soil conditions in Tasmanian beef and

... sheep farms). In recent decades, south eastern Australia has experienced a decline in total annual rainfall (Australian Bureau of Meteorology 2008), with the most substantial reduction occurring in autumn (Gallant et al. 2007). General Circulation Models (GCMs) provide the best estimates for assessi ...
climate change adaptation in nigeria
climate change adaptation in nigeria

... Introduction Today, climate change is one of the most serious threats to sustainable development. This is due to its anticipated adverse impacts on the environment, human health, food security, economic activity, natural resources and physical infrastructure. Although, the global climate varies natu ...
Estimates of the Damage Costs of Climate Change
Estimates of the Damage Costs of Climate Change

... the issue of consistency, say, between sea level impact in Europe and Japan, is left to the specialist. Impact categories where such sources are unavailable are not included. As an additional selection criterion, only sources are used that are based on climate scenarios from GCMs. This study is the ...
A comprehensive set of high-resolution grids of monthly climate for
A comprehensive set of high-resolution grids of monthly climate for

... It is desirable that any study of the potential consequences of future climate change should use the best available information about projected climates. These projections are most commonly obtained from global climate model (GCM) simulations of the climate response to a given scenario of future gre ...
Climate Change Action Plan
Climate Change Action Plan

... The Great Barrier Reef is internationally renowned as a place of great beauty and ecological significance and is protected as a Marine Park and a World Heritage Area. It is of immense social, economic and cultural value to the people of Australia. While the Great Barrier Reef is recognised as one of ...
Heat Turn Down the Confronting
Heat Turn Down the Confronting

... Today the scientific evidence is overwhelming, and it’s clear that we cannot continue down the current path of unchecked, growing emissions. The good news is that there is a growing consensus on what it will take to make changes to the unsustainable path we are currently on. More and more voices are ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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