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The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is

... others, and thereby produces a regress problem. But it does suggest something helpful, namely that sustainability—at least with respect to global natural resources—has to do not merely with the policies of a single state but with those of all states taken together. The Earth’s climate and capacity f ...
assessment report on climate change and its consequences
assessment report on climate change and its consequences

... Human activities have significant influence on the concentration of greenhouse gases of the atmosphere Amongst such gases are (Fig. GS3): — Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas in view of its influence on climate. The rate of its growth was unprecedented over the past 250 years, ...
In Defense of Emissions Egalitarianism?
In Defense of Emissions Egalitarianism?

... change”, the “absence of climate change”, or “climate stability” (cf. Seidel, 2012: 182). The good that we care about and want to sustain is a stable climate which provides beneficial boundary conditions for flourishing human (and animal) lives. The term “stability” is a concept that entails a multi ...
The climate of the Mediterranean region: research progress and
The climate of the Mediterranean region: research progress and

... nonlinear, with the 1970s separating two different subperiods. Rainfall decrease is due to the higher frequency of rainy weather types in the first than in the second period. ...
LCC/2014/0096Preston New Road, Little Plumpton, Fylde Appendix
LCC/2014/0096Preston New Road, Little Plumpton, Fylde Appendix

... The assessment has used data provided by Cuadrilla from previous projects on the amount of fuel or energy used. Where this data was not available other sources of information have been used. Where this is the case, ranges have been applied where possible. In addition, more than one source of emissio ...
Climate Change Policy
Climate Change Policy

... the manner specified in the Policy, implementation will occur progressively over the 2015 financial year. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Projections of future global average temperature from climate models ...
paper - user"s empty page at IIASA / 2013
paper - user"s empty page at IIASA / 2013

... population and economic growth are the main drivers for these emissions, changes in industrial processes, agricultural practices and waste management also play an important role. A number of effective and cheap mitigation options for different sources have been identified but their actual costs stil ...
Work package No 2F: Ecosystems and Forests
Work package No 2F: Ecosystems and Forests

... Biodiversity is defined as the diversity among living organisms in terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part (MA 2005b). It includes diversity at different levels, ranging from genes and populations over species to communities and ecosystem ...


... This study undertaken by atmospheric scientists at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research in Wellington, New Zealand focused on the unique isotopic signatures of methane from different sources. Methane from natural gas leaks in oil and gas production, for example, has a different s ...
chapter conduct a cl mate change vulnerab l ty assessment
chapter conduct a cl mate change vulnerab l ty assessment

... • For plant and animal species, is a species of concern in your system currently located near the edge or lowest elevation portion of its range? Species located near the edge or at the lowest elevation portion of their range are likely to be most sensitive to warming. For example, tree species livin ...
A Cap on Carbon and a Basic Income
A Cap on Carbon and a Basic Income

... it should be kept in mind that a dividend could be as easily linked with revenue from carbon taxes as with revenue from auction of carbon permits. Placing a cap on carbon will impose costs on consumers, particularly lower income households. So the policy raises issues of economic justice, and that i ...
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PDF

... Most wine produced in the world falls in between the 30th and 50th parallels, the majority in highly biodiverse Mediterranean climates. This narrow growing region is because, as crops go, wine grapes are highly sensitive. They need a cold—but not too cold—winter. Wine grapes need mostly frost-free s ...
A strategic approach to adaptation in Europe (628 kB) (opens in new window)
A strategic approach to adaptation in Europe (628 kB) (opens in new window)

... Acknowledgements: This paper is based on a Vivid Economics report commissioned by the European Investment Bank. We are grateful to Sebastian Catovsky, Atanas Kolev, Nicola Ranger and Armin Riess for their comments and feedback. Fankhauser also acknowledges financial support by the Grantham Foundatio ...
Projected climate change impacts on forest land cover and land use
Projected climate change impacts on forest land cover and land use

... productivity (Latta et al. 2010), and changes in tree species composition (Coops and Waring 2011). In the Pacific Northwest, these potential impacts have been studied using climate change scenarios and a variety of empirical or process-based modeling approaches (Rogers et al. 2011; Shafer et al. 200 ...
Climate impacts threatening Japan today and tomorrow
Climate impacts threatening Japan today and tomorrow

... winters, parts of the island, mostly the north, are still sparsely populated but that is changing. Construction, mining and manufacturing are fast becoming important industries in Hokkaido. Industrial and residential development since the 1980s has significantly altered the environmental quality and ...
Aasprang.Brita.Envir..
Aasprang.Brita.Envir..

... Climate change and risk Climate change is a “threat” that we mainly hear about in the media (Lowe et al., 2006:436). We are constantly warned that climate change can have serious consequences, but it still seems abstract and elusive to us, since we don’t experience climate change in our everyday lif ...
Adaptation policy and practice in densely populated glacier
Adaptation policy and practice in densely populated glacier

... facilitate social learning of novel solutions and leadership to navigate change in social processes (Folke et al. 2005). It recognizes systems thinking as a methodology for management and seeks stakeholder participation in every level of policy making for robust understanding of natural and social r ...
here - Environmental Law Australia
here - Environmental Law Australia

... likely emissions from these mines are significant at a national level in comparison with other actions in Australia contributing to global warming. Dowsett J accepted the delegate’s evidence, found that his approach was lawful, and dismissed the application for judicial review. His Honour concluded ...
Burden Sharing and Fairness Principles in International
Burden Sharing and Fairness Principles in International

... requires that the relevant emission time period be defined, for instance as greenhouse gas emissions from 1900 to today. In the climate change negotiations, the developing countries have based much of their argumentation upon this principle (see, e.g., the Brazil and Brazil-RIVM proposals discussed ...
Confronting Climate Change in the US Midwest
Confronting Climate Change in the US Midwest

... the number of days per year likely to exceed 90°F and 100°F. During the historical baseline, Cincinnati averaged more than 18 days per summer with highs over 90°F, while Cleveland averaged half as many. Those numbers rise substantially in the next few decades, and toward the end of the century under ...
CCN (~100 nm) Other particles (aerosols)
CCN (~100 nm) Other particles (aerosols)

... Most recent comprehensive analysis (Bond et al., 2012) shows coemitted cooling could completely offset BC warming ...
Population and Climate Change - American Philosophical Society
Population and Climate Change - American Philosophical Society

... The interactions between climate and the human population depend on economics and culture (fig. 1). I find it useful to visualize these interactions by means of a regular tetrahedron with a triangular base and a point on top (Cohen 1995, 389). The three corners of the base refer to economics, the en ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... with the unprecedented, legally enforced ambition of limiting and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. – Annex-I countries have a target to bring down the GHG emission, individually or jointly, by at least by 5%below 1990 levels in the first commitment period of 2008 to 2012. – Countries are to ma ...
ppt - WMO
ppt - WMO

... percentage of donor countries’ GDP, economic losses caused by natural disasters have grown at a much more rapid pace compared to the increase of the donors’ GDP  The ratio of development funding, which had to be used for emergency relief by the developing countries has risen from 2% at the end of t ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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