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How will climate change affect oil palm fungal diseases?
How will climate change affect oil palm fungal diseases?

... to extend areas of salination of groundwater and estuaries, resulting in a decrease of coastal freshwater availability for agriculture systems including OP. Finally, small islands are especially vulnerable to the effects of CC, sea-level rise and extreme events, relevant particularly to countries su ...
National Park Service
National Park Service

... Changing climatic conditions are rapidly impacting environmental, social, and economic conditions in and around National Park Service areas in Alaska. With over 50 million acres of parklands to administer, Alaska park managers need to better understand possible climate change trends in order to bett ...
Emergent Properties of Scale in Global Environmental Modeling
Emergent Properties of Scale in Global Environmental Modeling

... into their logical contexts (scales) so that the observer=modeler can see structures arise from them for the first time. The stochastic interaction among low-level elements that gives rise to emergent properties may be part of a larger process of self-organization in hierarchical systems. Self-organ ...
ece10 Thum neu  13962352 en
ece10 Thum neu 13962352 en

... Advocates of a more pronounced mitigation policy claim that the economists’ argument fails to take into account the risks of climate change. If it is not only the total payoff that matters but also its riskiness, the individual contribution to the global public good and also the crowding out may be ...
Motivated for Action and Collaboration
Motivated for Action and Collaboration

... efficiently and appropriately in all areas of Jewish life, promoting the use of renewable energy sources, encouraging decreased reliance on fossil fuels while cautioning against nuclear-fueled electricity production, and advocating a clean energy future for Israel [9]. The Shalom Center also interac ...
"A Broader View of the Role of Humans in the... Assessment of Costs and Benefits of  Effective Climate Policy"
"A Broader View of the Role of Humans in the... Assessment of Costs and Benefits of Effective Climate Policy"

... Summary The human addition of CO2 into the atmosphere is a first-order climate forcing. We need an effective policy to limit the atmospheric concentration of this gas. However, humans are significantly altering the climate system in a diverse range of ways in addition to CO2. The information that I ...
Great Barrier Reef
Great Barrier Reef

... Changes associated with climate change that will affect the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) include rising sea and air temperatures, ocean acidification, nutrient enrichment (via changes in rainfall regimes), altered light levels, more extreme weather events, changes to ocean circulation, and sealevel rise ...
The design of a legacy indicator tool for measuring climate change
The design of a legacy indicator tool for measuring climate change

... Background:  We are experiencing a period of climate change the extent and impact of which is uncertain. In the cultural heritage sector the need for monitoring to inform our understanding is widely agreed, yet there is a lack of consensus over what constitutes ‘monitoring for climate change’. This ...
Global Climate Change - FAU - the FAU College of Education
Global Climate Change - FAU - the FAU College of Education

... time ranging from months to millions of years. It can also describe the state of the climate system with the classical period of time defined by the World Meteorological Organization as 30 years. Climate change refers to a significant change from one climatic condition to another, and global warming ...
Resource Guide to NGO Climate Adaptation Resources and Tools
Resource Guide to NGO Climate Adaptation Resources and Tools

... Many observed changes in the global climate are already impacting the natural resources managed by state fish and wildlife agencies. These impacts are expected to increase with accelerating changes in the climate system, putting fish and wildlife at risk. Action is needed now to reduce these impacts ...
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PDF

... framework for 10 trade aggregates (goods) and 11 factors in 58 countries, for which endowments are found to be significant in predicting trade patterns. More recently, employing the HOV model, Peterson and Valluru (2000) suggest that factor endowments at the national level describe well the variatio ...
intended nationally determined contribution of mongolia
intended nationally determined contribution of mongolia

... has multiplied since the rapid development of agriculture sector in 1980s; however, the crop yield per hectare fluctuated around 50 percent depending on weather conditions. Current year’s poor harvest shows that such situation is actual in nowadays as well. Moreover, climate change might have advers ...
Misdefining ``climate change``: consequences for science and action
Misdefining ``climate change``: consequences for science and action

... One of the important roles of policy research in any policy setting is to ask and answer, ‘‘Can the policy work with respect to its stated objectives?’’ In the case of climate change, a growing consensus concludes that, irrespective of the importance of the problem or logic of the solution, the Kyot ...
Which early works are cited most frequently in climate change
Which early works are cited most frequently in climate change

... Climate change has gained strongly increasing attention in the natural sciences and more recently also in the social and political sciences. Scientists actively work to understand past climate and to predict future climate by using observations and theoretical models. Various subfields from physics, ...
Del Protocolo de Kioto a la Cumbre de Copenhague : cobertura del
Del Protocolo de Kioto a la Cumbre de Copenhague : cobertura del

... this fact is acquiring at the international context, as we have observed from other literature, it is important to investigate the evolution and trends of «Global Change» in Spain as there are still too many questions to settle regarding this. To know the international context represent a decisive ...
MD/DC Metro Area - GAIA - The Johns Hopkins University Applied
MD/DC Metro Area - GAIA - The Johns Hopkins University Applied

... Figure 5. (Non-cumulative effects) Obtained from a recent Union of Concerned Scientist’s report, this table includes data on various health impacts from rising ozone levels for low and high emission scenarios in ...
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Mechanisms of drought in present and future climate

... Gerald A. Meehl and Aixue Hu ...
Status of the Copenhagen Climate Change Negotiations CRS Report for Congress
Status of the Copenhagen Climate Change Negotiations CRS Report for Congress

... Two Tracks on the Way to Copenhagen: One Agreement or Two? The negotiations currently are running on two tracks, one under the Kyoto Protocol and the other under the UNFCCC’s “Bali Action Plan” of 2007. The Kyoto Protocol’s first commitment period runs from 2008 to 2012, during which wealthier (“Ann ...
Interhemispheric Temperature Asymmetry over the
Interhemispheric Temperature Asymmetry over the

... the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 and B1; for the CMIP5, we use the historical simulation and representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5. The B1 and A2 are comparable in terms of net radiative forcing to the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively (van Vuure ...
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... The position of Greenland renders the ice sheet more vulnerable to global warming compared to the Antarctic ice sheets. This is due to its proximity to other ice-free landmasses and the effect these exert on regional heat convection, and by extension, regional Greenlandic temperatures. Although comp ...
The Non-Regulatory Alternatives to GHG Regulations
The Non-Regulatory Alternatives to GHG Regulations

... Keith, D.W. (2000). “Geoengineering the Climate: History and Prospect,” Annual Review of Energy and Environment, 25: 245284. MacCracken, M.C. (2006). “Geoengineering: Worthy of Cautious Evaluation?” Climatic Change 77: 235-243. National Academy of Sciences, 1992, Committee on Science, Engineering, a ...
ClimateJobsBooklet2011-2_South Africa
ClimateJobsBooklet2011-2_South Africa

... This will take government regulation and international agreement. It will also take a great deal of work, and this means many new jobs. One million new climate jobs would cost R92 billion, and our research shows that there is over R250 billion available annually to finance climate jobs. There is als ...
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PDF

... pledges and the expected pattern of emissions from LULUCF we estimate that emissions will be 17 GTon CO2-eq in the LC scenario and 16 GTon CO2-eq in the HC scenario.6 In the LC case emissions will be 12% lower than in 1990 and 7% lower than in 2005. In the HC case emissions will be 17% lower than in ...
Urban Planning for Climate Change – Position Paper of FIG Working
Urban Planning for Climate Change – Position Paper of FIG Working

... Increased frequency of heavy precipitation events, Increase in areas affected by drought, Increases in intense tropical cyclone activity, and Increased incidence of extreme high sea levels. ...
Edinburgh Adapts Our Vision
Edinburgh Adapts Our Vision

... Rain, sun, wind, snow and hail – and that’s just on an average Tuesday – Edinburgh is well-used to changes in the weather. Whether out catching rays in the Meadows or wrapped in a blanket watching fireworks crown Calton Hill, Edinburgh is not a place to let a little thing like the opening of the hea ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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