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BACKGROUND PAPER Prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment
BACKGROUND PAPER Prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment

... Efforts to reduce disaster risks and climate change risks have co-existed for a long time, and in the last two decades, they have increasingly been linked. In particular, the relationship between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction has received significant attention (Mercer, 2010; ...
Canada`s Marine Coasts in a Changing Climate
Canada`s Marine Coasts in a Changing Climate

... adaptation measures such as new dike construction, dike maintenance and beach nourishment estimated to be US$25– 270 billion per year by 2100 (Wong et al., 2014). Within Canada, climate change (Box 1) presents a range of risks, with higher temperatures, changing precipitation patterns and storminess ...
Conflict over Climate Change Politics - GUPEA
Conflict over Climate Change Politics - GUPEA

... focused on the productive powers that makes the issue governable, such as scientific knowledge and calculations. Studies have also focused on how citizens become responsibilised actors in the governing of climate change (Letell et al. 2011; Rutland & Aylett 2008). Oels (2005) argues that a global “c ...
Effects of global climate change on marine and estuarine fishes and
Effects of global climate change on marine and estuarine fishes and

... species are being observed for the first time (Francour et al., 1994). ...
- Harvard University
- Harvard University

... vertical structure of radiative forcing; (2) regional variability of radiative forcing; and (3) non-radiative forcing.  Accurate long-term monitoring of radiative forcing variables is essential.  Enhanced research is needed to improve understanding of direct and indirect radiative forcings by aero ...
The “Business-As-Usual” growth of global primary energy use and
The “Business-As-Usual” growth of global primary energy use and

... to historic norms, global energy use and CO2 emissions must follow a Business-AsUsual (BAU) trajectory. Furthermore, since there is clear evidence for significant inertia in the evolution of the global energy system and in the absence of further novel interventions, then BAU must also provide the mo ...
GILDED WP3 report – draft
GILDED WP3 report – draft

... contemporary climate change was human-induced. Consequently, they did not support the argument that because of the anthropogenic nature of climate change, people should change their behaviour. However, our interviewees widely concurred that change was urgently needed for a range of other reasons – m ...
Accurate Answers to Professor Plimer`s 101 Climate Change
Accurate Answers to Professor Plimer`s 101 Climate Change

... likely that adaptation can occur. Projections indicate that without action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: »» temperatures in Australia could increase by up to 5 degrees by 2070; »» sea levels could rise by up to 80 cm by the end of the century (baseline of 1990), with larger increases possible; ...
The Economics of Climate Change in the Caribbean
The Economics of Climate Change in the Caribbean

... Table 7.4: Impact of temperature and precipitation on transport expenditure, A2 and B2 (2008 US$ million) ............................................................................................................ 114 Table 7.5: Impact of climate change policies in developed countries on internatio ...
Climate change and mammals: evolutionary
Climate change and mammals: evolutionary

... not mutually exclusive, their relative magnitudes will influence both the rate of, and ability to sustain, phenotypic responses to climate change. We review accounts of recent phenotypic changes in wild mammal populations with the purpose of critically evaluating the following: (i) whether climate c ...
Desertification-Climate Change Interactions
Desertification-Climate Change Interactions

... Causes of desertification vary worldwide. These can be divided into two groups (Geist & Lambin, 2004), 1) those that predispose desertification called underlying causes and 2) those that physically start a desertification process, called proximate causes. Among underlying causes are climate, economi ...
Philosophy of Climate Science Part II: Modelling
Philosophy of Climate Science Part II: Modelling

... the state of the climate system (projected into the climate model’s own domain) at the beginning of the period being simulated. The latter are values for any variables which affect the system but which are not directly output by the calculations. These include, for instance, the concentration of gre ...
Climate policy under sustainable discounted utilitarianism
Climate policy under sustainable discounted utilitarianism

... to the application of discounted utilitarianism (DU). DU means that one stream of consumption is deemed better than another if and only if it generates a higher sum of utilities discounted by a constant and positive per period utility discount rate ρ. In spite of its prevalence, DU is controversial, ...
IFC Definitions and Metrics for Climate
IFC Definitions and Metrics for Climate

... change increasingly strains scarce resources such as water, energy, food, and land, the poorest are and will be hardest hit because they are the least equipped to adapt to these changes. As global efforts to address climate change accelerate, IFC recognizes that climate-related interventions led by ...
Recasting Economics As If the Climate and Global Ecology Really
Recasting Economics As If the Climate and Global Ecology Really

... Both economy and ecology share the same ancient Greek language root or prefix: ‘oikos’, which means house or home. While economics is a purely human invention that has no objective existence beyond the minds of women and men, physics exists whether or not there are people to believe in its laws. The ...
States (and Cities) as Actors in Global Climate Regulation: Unitary
States (and Cities) as Actors in Global Climate Regulation: Unitary

... asserted against other state initiatives as well. Especially given courts’ rejection thus far of these preemption claims, it is likely that industry will seek some form of congressional action, further increasing the likelihood that Congress will address the underlying regulatory issues on the floor ...
Long-term changes in climate and insect damage
Long-term changes in climate and insect damage

... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Synthesis Report, Climate Change (IPCC, 2007)). Thus, it is also likely that the increases in temperatures will be experienced in unregulated indoor environments. Climate change has emerged as a key concern for the twenty-first century. The socio-economic si ...
Report on Fifth Assessment Report 6
Report on Fifth Assessment Report 6

... South Asian governments can promote ambitious global actions Source: ODI and CDKN, 2014 The Asia region as a whole experienced the most weather and climate related disasters in the world between 2000 and 2008 and suffered the second highest proportion (30%) of the global economic losses (IPCC, 2014) ...
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... The Greenhouse Sector The greenhouse sector encompasses vegetable, flower, bulb and nursery crops. The official statistics indicate that there were 688 ha of indoor crops (excluding mushrooms) harvested during the year ending March 2002. Of the harvested area, 38% was used for the three main vegeta ...
Climate Engineering under the Paris Agreement
Climate Engineering under the Paris Agreement

... decouple reductions from emissions both temporally and spatially. This allows removals to occur later in time and not necessarily in direct connection with specific emission activities.7 SRM is more of an adaptive strategy that reduces the rate of temperature increases, with potential to lower the s ...
Climate change mitigation related to Tanzanian forests Key factors
Climate change mitigation related to Tanzanian forests Key factors

... along these lines of FRA2010 tiles in all, or parts of, Tanzania. If we fly all over Tanzania, it will imply flying a total distance of ca 9000 stripe-km, which will give a systematic sample of laser data for all of Tanzania. Calibrated with field data from below the flight corridors, one would be a ...
American Behavioral Scientist - Dana R. Fisher
American Behavioral Scientist - Dana R. Fisher

... takeover of the U.S. Congress in 2010, the political environment in Washington, D.C., has become increasingly partisan and the issue of climate change has become one of the most polarizing issues. By summer 2011, in fact, former Massachusetts governor and presidential frontrunner Mitt Romney was att ...
Incorporating climate change and growth into the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction (opens in new window)
Incorporating climate change and growth into the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction (opens in new window)

... Environment was established in 2008 at the London School of Economics and Political Science. The Institute brings together international expertise on economics, as well as finance, geography, the environment, international development and political economy to establish a world-leading centre for pol ...
Word version of course outline - Vula
Word version of course outline - Vula

... In order to assess vulnerability it is important that the right questions are asked. This section highlights the need to understand the complexity of vulnerability and the details of the case in question in order to choose appropriate methods and tools that capture relevant information. The example ...
Field Project 4—Integration of Climate Information from Multiple
Field Project 4—Integration of Climate Information from Multiple

... In the second year, we will conduct surveys, focus groups, and observation of community meetings. Data will be obtained in 15-20 communities in each range, with the communities grouped in 3-4 clusters in each case, with a target of 500 completed surveys in each region. Measurements of glacial area a ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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