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Science Communication
Science Communication

... Historically, liberal and civic republican models of citizenship framed citizens’ relationship with the state as contractual, distinguished between what was public (and therefore rightly considered political) versus what was private, and emphasized citizen obligations within narrow spatial and tempo ...
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... lolklore) is the means of dissemination. Typically an urban legend is disseminated by news stories, television reports, e-mail and, as was traditional lore, by word of mouth. Since the conception of the global warming issue, newspaper headlines, television headlines, internet, big screen theater and ...
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... General Brown brings this petition to fulfill his responsibility to protect California's environment and natural resources. He asks EPA to adopt regulations to control greenhouse gas emissions from new vessels on the shortest possible time line, in order to reduce the contribution of this large and ...
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... Willer, 2011). For learners who are working to apply new knowledge in real-life contexts, information that evokes dread, fear, or guilt must be accompanied by clear options for action (Feinberg and Willer, 2011; Grotzer and Lincoln, 2007; O’Neill and Nicholson-Cole, 2009; Wolf and Moser, 2011). Clim ...
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Climate Change 2014 2015
Climate Change 2014 2015

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Climate change and integrated analysis of mountain

... 1 Introduction: sediment transfers and mountain complex systems Quantification of the effects of climate changes upon the Earth system, both historically and over the next century, is particularly relevant today. Parry et al. (2007), for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, make a criti ...
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Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
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