• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Increase of carbon cycle feedback with climate sensitivity
Increase of carbon cycle feedback with climate sensitivity

... of the conventionally accepted range (1.5 to 4.5 K per CO 2 doubling; IPCC, 2001). The land surface is more likely to damp the effects of CO 2 emissions if climate sensitivity is low, with carbon uptake by the biosphere dominated by CO 2 fertilization. Higher climate sensitivity is more likely to am ...
Positive feedback between future climate change
Positive feedback between future climate change

... significantly reduced as the Earth warms up, leaving larger CO2 fraction in the atmosphere and therefore enhancing the climate change. In order to further explore these effects, it should be given high priority to develop comprehensive models where physical climate system and carbon cycle are explicit ...
Global Warming—Hot Topic Getting Hotter
Global Warming—Hot Topic Getting Hotter

... passage of time, many will no longer be accessible, and in others, the content may change. ChemMatters cannot guarantee that all content will remain appropriate and/or relevant. The number of online resources related to the topics in this special issue of ChemMatters is nearly as vast as the subject ...
climate futures responses to climate change in 2030 October 2008
climate futures responses to climate change in 2030 October 2008

... together and organising a response to climate change, but it's late in the day, and drastic measures are being taken, pushing economies to their very limits. We know more and more about the environmental impacts of climate change every day. Models can project temperature rises and rainfall trends at ...
nicpp final report
nicpp final report

... SAR also provoked the 1996 publication of the Leipzig Declaration by SEPP, which was signed by some 100 climate scientists. A booklet titled “The Scientific Case Against the Global Climate Treaty” followed in September 1997 and was translated into several languages. [SEPP 1997. All these are availab ...
responses to climate change in 2030
responses to climate change in 2030

... together and organising a response to climate change, but it's late in the day, and drastic measures are being taken, pushing economies to their very limits. We know more and more about the environmental impacts of climate change every day. Models can project temperature rises and rainfall trends at ...
An HSI Report: The Impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming
An HSI Report: The Impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming

... Animal agriculture is a major emitter of all three of these major GHGs.65 The FAO’s November 2006 report, “Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options,” found that meat, egg, and milk production are responsible for an estimated 14.5%, or nearly one-fifth, of human-induced GHGs.66 The c ...
Climate Change Projections over India by a
Climate Change Projections over India by a

... realistic precipitation climatologies (Kumar et al., 2013) and they can also produce appropriate projections to generate climate scenario at a regional scale. In the recent years, there has been an increase in the interest among different research groups in developing high resolution climate scenari ...
PDF Fulltext
PDF Fulltext

... their earlier choice of agriculture. They have to find some other way to get their job in their changing environment. So, a significant change should be observed in occupational pattern of those people. Sharp declines in the number of main workers signify that the poor inhabitants find no way to sta ...
Animal Agriculture and Climate Change
Animal Agriculture and Climate Change

... Animal agriculture is a major emitter of all three of these major GHGs.64 The FAO‘s November 2006 report, ―Livestock‘s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options,‖ found that meat, egg, and milk production are responsible for an estimated 18%, or nearly one-fifth, of human-induced GHGs.65 The cli ...
Land use/land cover changes and climate: modeling analysis and observational evidence
Land use/land cover changes and climate: modeling analysis and observational evidence

... both inorganic and biogenic aerosols including dust between vegetation, soils, and the atmosphere.1,6–17 In terms of an effect on the global average radiative imbalance, Forster et al.18 suggest that this direct biogeophysical radiative impact of LULCC since preindustrial times is a reduction in the ...
Preparing for the future – Ofwat`s climate change policy statement
Preparing for the future – Ofwat`s climate change policy statement

... of climate change for decades to come. This means that adapting to these impacts is an equally, if not more, pressing challenge. Effective responses to climate change will demand leadership and innovative thinking. The Government has identified this issue as one of central importance in its water st ...
Climate and Culture - George Mason University
Climate and Culture - George Mason University

... change (e.g., McDonald et al. 1997, Krupnik & Jolly 2002). Founded in the essential capacity for local peoples to develop and practice adaptations to local variance, these new studies highlighted how adaptive strategies did not work as climate change pushed the boundaries of ecosystem variance. Sinc ...
6. Atolls in the ocean— canaries in the mine?
6. Atolls in the ocean— canaries in the mine?

... a total of 282 individual reports, over the period from 1 October 2009 to 30 November 2011. They found that the journalism was variegated and heavily contested, contrary to earlier scholarly claims (Connell, 2003; Farbotko, 2005, 2010a, 2010b; Farbotko and Macgregor, 2010; Cameron, 2011). The result ...
Assessing Public Transportation Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise: A Case Study Application
Assessing Public Transportation Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise: A Case Study Application

... waves and very hot days, increases in intense precipitation events, sea level rise, and increases in the frequency of extreme weather events, occur at a global scale and cause region-wide issues (CIER 2007). Projections, developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) are us ...
Subglobal Regulation of the Global Commons: The Case of Climate
Subglobal Regulation of the Global Commons: The Case of Climate

... Our argument proceeds in several parts. First, in Part I we argue that, in general, the intuitions derived from idealized economic models (including the "tragedy of the commons") are a poor guide to understanding how far theoretically presumed inefficiencies, e.g., free-riding, will extend in realit ...
A history of climate activities
A history of climate activities

... Figure 1 — The emergence of climate as an international scientific and policy issue: the five major scientific, technological and geopolitical developments on the left converged to inspire UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 1721 (XVI) which triggered the establishment of the WMO World Weather Wat ...
Managing water in the MDB under a variable and changing climate
Managing water in the MDB under a variable and changing climate

... 2008). Furthermore, the relative impact of climate change on surface water use would be much greater in dry years. The project concluded that the hydrological impacts of climate change in the MDB remain very uncertain; for example, average surface water availability could reduce by as much as 34% by ...
Climate Change and Agrarian Societies in Drylands
Climate Change and Agrarian Societies in Drylands

... materials for a good standard of living. This also limits the livelihood opportunities in drylands and often leads to practices, such as intensified cultivation, that cannot be serviced due to low and further impaired nutrient cycling and water regulation and provision, requiring adjustments in mana ...
PDF
PDF

... et al. 1995, Robock 2000, Lucht et al. 2002, Barrett 2008). The most compelling arguments in favor of SRM methods are …rst that they can be used as an emergency measure to reduce the global average temperature quickly, and second that they can be used to “buy time” by slowing down the increase in t ...
MeetingReport-CC_and_Displacement
MeetingReport-CC_and_Displacement

... the past. It was also noted that, due to the lack of reliable scientific evidence on the timing and numbers likely to be affected, planning should focus on worst-case scenarios to ensure that adequate response mechanisms were in place. Particular attention needs to be placed on findings in the Maldi ...
The influence of dynamic vegetation on the present
The influence of dynamic vegetation on the present

... The experimental design and forcing datasets are as specified by CMIP5 and are detailed in Taylor et al. (2012). The model configurations used are members of the HadGEM2 family as described by The HadGEM2 Development Team (2011). The atmosphere-only configuration, HadGEM2-A, and the coupled atmosphe ...
Articles
Articles

... haveemployed an understanding of time and spacevariations in the stratosphere and Antarctic waters, radiation transfer theory, remote sensing, and sea-surfaceand hydrographic observations to provide one of the first piecesof evidenceof an ecosystemresponseto decreasing levels of stratospheric ozone. ...
The Impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming and Climate
The Impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming and Climate

... Animal agriculture is a major emitter of all three of these major GHGs.64 The FAO‘s November 2006 report, ―Livestock‘s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options,‖ found that meat, egg, and milk production are responsible for an estimated 18%, or nearly one-fifth, of human-induced GHGs.65 The cli ...
INTEGRATING CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION INTO
INTEGRATING CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION INTO

... carbon emission scenarios. Annex II to the Working Group 1 report provides regional projections for climate-related parameters; it is a useful but coarse starting point for assessing future climate in particular places. The IPCC’s probability approach and widely differing scenarios emphasize the unc ...
< 1 ... 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 ... 794 >

Economics of global warming

There are a number of policies that governments might consider in response to global warming. The assessment of such policies involves the economics of global warming.Global warming is a long-term problem. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide. Around 20% of carbon dioxide which is emitted due to human activities can remain in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. The long time scales and uncertainty associated with global warming have led analysts to develop ""scenarios"" of future environmental, social and economic changes. These scenarios can help governments understand the potential consequences of their decisions.The impacts of climate change include the loss of biodiversity, sea level rise, increased frequency and severity of some extreme weather events, and acidification of the oceans. Economists have attempted to quantify these impacts in monetary terms, but these assessments can be controversial.The two main policy responses to global warming are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and to adapt to the impacts of global warming (e.g., by building levees in response to sea level rise). Another policy response which has recently received greater attention is geoengineering of the climate system (e.g. injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight away from the Earth's surface).One of the responses to the uncertainties of global warming is to adopt a strategy of sequential decision making. This strategy recognizes that decisions on global warming need to be made with incomplete information, and that decisions in the near term will have potentially long-term impacts. Governments might choose to use risk management as part of their policy response to global warming. For instance, a risk-based approach can be applied to climate impacts which are difficult to quantify in economic terms, e.g., the impacts of global warming on indigenous peoples.Analysts have assessed global warming in relation to sustainable development. Sustainable development considers how future generations might be affected by the actions of the current generation. In some areas, policies designed to address global warming may contribute positively towards other development objectives. In other areas, the cost of global warming policies may divert resources away from other socially and environmentally beneficial investments (the opportunity costs of climate change policy).
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report