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... of the aggregate private good has a detrimental effect on the preexisting public good. Direct contributions thus offset this impact at first and potentially outweigh it. Kotchen shows that in a large economy with identical rational and perfectly informed individuals, voluntary direct contributions wil ...
... of the aggregate private good has a detrimental effect on the preexisting public good. Direct contributions thus offset this impact at first and potentially outweigh it. Kotchen shows that in a large economy with identical rational and perfectly informed individuals, voluntary direct contributions wil ...
now - The City of Edinburgh Council
... Climate change is one of the most serious threats facing Scotland and the world today. Due to past emissions, a certain degree of climate change is now unavoidable. Effects of changing weather patterns on Edinburgh will vary depending on the severity of global warming but, even when only a relativel ...
... Climate change is one of the most serious threats facing Scotland and the world today. Due to past emissions, a certain degree of climate change is now unavoidable. Effects of changing weather patterns on Edinburgh will vary depending on the severity of global warming but, even when only a relativel ...
Impacts of climate change on stratospheric ozone
... EESC in that location specific Cly and Bry is used rather than inferring these from surface halogen concentrations and assumptions about transport times. Comparing the changes due to ODSs with the O3 change in the climateonly simulation shows that the relative contributions of ODSs and climate chang ...
... EESC in that location specific Cly and Bry is used rather than inferring these from surface halogen concentrations and assumptions about transport times. Comparing the changes due to ODSs with the O3 change in the climateonly simulation shows that the relative contributions of ODSs and climate chang ...
- SEA START RC
... How does the degree of exposure and sensitivity to climate events differ among social groups (gender and livelihoods focus) within the community? What are the future climate-related changes (means, magnitude and frequency of extremes) expected to affect the community and the environmental systems it ...
... How does the degree of exposure and sensitivity to climate events differ among social groups (gender and livelihoods focus) within the community? What are the future climate-related changes (means, magnitude and frequency of extremes) expected to affect the community and the environmental systems it ...
Change is in the air
... and the economic value that comes from them. Many South African landscapes have changed as a result of conversion of natural systems to croplands, forestry plantations and urban sprawl. Direct threats by poaching and over-harvesting of both plants and animals continue to rob South Africans of their ...
... and the economic value that comes from them. Many South African landscapes have changed as a result of conversion of natural systems to croplands, forestry plantations and urban sprawl. Direct threats by poaching and over-harvesting of both plants and animals continue to rob South Africans of their ...
Conclusion: Reconstructing and Modelling Past Oceans 1 A
... The science of reconstructing past climates has evolved rapidly over the past three decades. Having started as a subdiscipline of geology and geochemistry [Imbrie and Imbrie, 1979], it is today an interdisciplinary research field which unifies a large international scientific community. Some of the ...
... The science of reconstructing past climates has evolved rapidly over the past three decades. Having started as a subdiscipline of geology and geochemistry [Imbrie and Imbrie, 1979], it is today an interdisciplinary research field which unifies a large international scientific community. Some of the ...
PDF
... dependent agriculture. For example, figure (1) below shows that although annual rainfall volume is no different from long run average, rainfall distribution varies a lot within the year when compared against long run average. These precipitation anomalies are so alarming that some scientists suggest ...
... dependent agriculture. For example, figure (1) below shows that although annual rainfall volume is no different from long run average, rainfall distribution varies a lot within the year when compared against long run average. These precipitation anomalies are so alarming that some scientists suggest ...
Optimal Climate Change Policies When Governments Cannot Commit
... how environmental policies and R&D policies interact in such a second-best world (e.g. Jaffee, Newell and Stavins (2003) for an excellent survey). This second-best argument is part of the justification given in the Stern Review for deploying a range of both environmental and R&D policy instruments. ...
... how environmental policies and R&D policies interact in such a second-best world (e.g. Jaffee, Newell and Stavins (2003) for an excellent survey). This second-best argument is part of the justification given in the Stern Review for deploying a range of both environmental and R&D policy instruments. ...
nd-gain_technical_document_2015_do_not_print
... three components: economic readiness, governance readiness and social readiness. Economic Readiness: The investment climate that facilitates mobilizing capitals from private sector. Governance Readiness: The stability of the society and institutional arrangements that contribute to the investment ri ...
... three components: economic readiness, governance readiness and social readiness. Economic Readiness: The investment climate that facilitates mobilizing capitals from private sector. Governance Readiness: The stability of the society and institutional arrangements that contribute to the investment ri ...
the Report - ULI Europe
... with direct losses recorded by reinsurance companies amounting to US$150 billion (€109.5 billion) per year. In severely affected regions, losses have reached up to 8 per cent of GDP. • Estimates based on the latest climate data, as well as loss ratios calculated by the newly-developed tool introduc ...
... with direct losses recorded by reinsurance companies amounting to US$150 billion (€109.5 billion) per year. In severely affected regions, losses have reached up to 8 per cent of GDP. • Estimates based on the latest climate data, as well as loss ratios calculated by the newly-developed tool introduc ...
full report - Campaign against Climate Change
... activists, in many instances trade unionists supported by socialist groups, but also members of environment groups, local CCC networks, and the Green Party. The Caravan was launched simultaneously from outside the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh and from outside the Houses of Parliament in Westmins ...
... activists, in many instances trade unionists supported by socialist groups, but also members of environment groups, local CCC networks, and the Green Party. The Caravan was launched simultaneously from outside the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh and from outside the Houses of Parliament in Westmins ...
Transient responses to increasing CO2 and climate change in an
... F-tests for comparing mean values and standard deviations). Overall, the tests indicated a high likelihood (p > 0.01) that observed and synthetic data stem from the same population. In the second step, the climate change signal extracted from global or regional climate simulations (scenario versus b ...
... F-tests for comparing mean values and standard deviations). Overall, the tests indicated a high likelihood (p > 0.01) that observed and synthetic data stem from the same population. In the second step, the climate change signal extracted from global or regional climate simulations (scenario versus b ...
Northern New Hampshire
... body of scientific evidence indicates that human activities—including the burning of fossil fuel (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, clearing of forested lands for agriculture, and raising livestock—are now the primary force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes ho ...
... body of scientific evidence indicates that human activities—including the burning of fossil fuel (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, clearing of forested lands for agriculture, and raising livestock—are now the primary force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes ho ...
Climate Change in Northern New Hampshire
... body of scientific evidence indicates that human activities—including the burning of fossil fuel (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, clearing of forested lands for agriculture, and raising livestock—are now the primary force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes ho ...
... body of scientific evidence indicates that human activities—including the burning of fossil fuel (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, clearing of forested lands for agriculture, and raising livestock—are now the primary force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes ho ...
10. Adaptive Management Framework - Weconnect
... agreement. This in turn drives the need for information to be sorted thoroughly in terms of timeframes and geographic scales to help target the different types of decision-maker. Adaptive management has its roots in evaluation, with an added emphasis on what will be done about what is learnt from th ...
... agreement. This in turn drives the need for information to be sorted thoroughly in terms of timeframes and geographic scales to help target the different types of decision-maker. Adaptive management has its roots in evaluation, with an added emphasis on what will be done about what is learnt from th ...
Preserving the Ocean Circulation
... greenhouse gases at a level that will “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. Which stabilization level for greenhouse gases would avoid dangerous interference and whether this risk justifies costly reductions in greenhouse gas emissions is controversial. The policies ...
... greenhouse gases at a level that will “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. Which stabilization level for greenhouse gases would avoid dangerous interference and whether this risk justifies costly reductions in greenhouse gas emissions is controversial. The policies ...
The European carbon balance. Part 4
... McNaughton, 1986; Schulze et al., 2002). The evaporation and sensible heat fluxes were estimated by upscaling eddy-covariance measurements (Baldocchi, 2003) based on the approach of Jung et al. (2009) using satellite and meteorological data. A first-order correction of the measurements was applied t ...
... McNaughton, 1986; Schulze et al., 2002). The evaporation and sensible heat fluxes were estimated by upscaling eddy-covariance measurements (Baldocchi, 2003) based on the approach of Jung et al. (2009) using satellite and meteorological data. A first-order correction of the measurements was applied t ...
Evaluation of FAO's contribution to climate change adaptation and mitigation - Management Response
... Identify priority organizations with whom FAO should partner based upon respective strengths and complementarities to achieve SOs and priorities determined in the CC strategy and action plan ( taking into account different types of partnerships/modalities) Strengthen selected partnerships, especiall ...
... Identify priority organizations with whom FAO should partner based upon respective strengths and complementarities to achieve SOs and priorities determined in the CC strategy and action plan ( taking into account different types of partnerships/modalities) Strengthen selected partnerships, especiall ...
Article - Cerfacs
... where the influence of the emission scenario and its associated uncertainties still remain relatively weak. For example, in the 2046– 2065 period, the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B and A2 scenarios and projected global temperature change are still rather similar [Meehl et al., 2007a]. Th ...
... where the influence of the emission scenario and its associated uncertainties still remain relatively weak. For example, in the 2046– 2065 period, the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B and A2 scenarios and projected global temperature change are still rather similar [Meehl et al., 2007a]. Th ...
Gains from (Cap and) Trade
... policy, then policy decisions need to be made about the revenues raised through the auction (which can be substantial). Leading up to linkage, Quebec held two independent auctions -the most recent was held on March 4, 2014 during which almost all units available for sale were sold. During this aucti ...
... policy, then policy decisions need to be made about the revenues raised through the auction (which can be substantial). Leading up to linkage, Quebec held two independent auctions -the most recent was held on March 4, 2014 during which almost all units available for sale were sold. During this aucti ...
Changing Shades of Green: The environmental and cultural impacts
... and the speed with which those policy changes are adopted. It will depend, as well, on changes indi viduals make in their energy consumption, and the speed at which those changes are embraced. ...
... and the speed with which those policy changes are adopted. It will depend, as well, on changes indi viduals make in their energy consumption, and the speed at which those changes are embraced. ...
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
... “will” result is reserved for situations where experience and multiple methods of analysis all make clear that the consequence would follow inevitably from the projected change in climate. Although many details of how climate, environment, and society will evolve in the future remain uncertain, expe ...
... “will” result is reserved for situations where experience and multiple methods of analysis all make clear that the consequence would follow inevitably from the projected change in climate. Although many details of how climate, environment, and society will evolve in the future remain uncertain, expe ...
National Policy on Climate Change for Namibia 2011
... There is considerable uncertainty regarding the accurate detection of future climate change scenarios, despite the continuous improvements in climate science. This is because of various limitations related to the uncertainty in future global GHG emissions, understanding of the dynamics of global cli ...
... There is considerable uncertainty regarding the accurate detection of future climate change scenarios, despite the continuous improvements in climate science. This is because of various limitations related to the uncertainty in future global GHG emissions, understanding of the dynamics of global cli ...
Coalition formation in Integrated Assessment Models
... The project aims to provide an exploration of the current state of the art in research on the economic incentives of regions to engage in international climate policies, with special attention to the formation and stability of international climate agreements using Integrated Assessment Models. The ...
... The project aims to provide an exploration of the current state of the art in research on the economic incentives of regions to engage in international climate policies, with special attention to the formation and stability of international climate agreements using Integrated Assessment Models. The ...