Learning from mistakes in climate research | SpringerLink
... than randomly sampled for a statistical representation. Perhaps the most common problem with the cases examined here was missing contextual information (Bthe prosecutor’s fallacy^ (Wheelan 2013)), and there are several plausible explanations for why relevant information may be neglected. The most ob ...
... than randomly sampled for a statistical representation. Perhaps the most common problem with the cases examined here was missing contextual information (Bthe prosecutor’s fallacy^ (Wheelan 2013)), and there are several plausible explanations for why relevant information may be neglected. The most ob ...
Is Global Warming Mainly Due to Anthropogenic GHG Emissions?
... to carry out our cross-sectional analysis mainly due to data availability. According to Department of Energy,7 nationally, CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion represented the largest source (80%) of total global warming potential (GWP) weighted emissions from all emission sources in 2006 (EPA, ...
... to carry out our cross-sectional analysis mainly due to data availability. According to Department of Energy,7 nationally, CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion represented the largest source (80%) of total global warming potential (GWP) weighted emissions from all emission sources in 2006 (EPA, ...
Prediction as a Technology University of Colorado at Boulder Presented at the
... The application of climate models to predict the future state of the climate system. Forecasts can be made from a single realization, or from an ensemble of forecasts which are produced by slightly perturbing the initial conditions and/or other aspects of the model. The term ‘projection’ has been us ...
... The application of climate models to predict the future state of the climate system. Forecasts can be made from a single realization, or from an ensemble of forecasts which are produced by slightly perturbing the initial conditions and/or other aspects of the model. The term ‘projection’ has been us ...
Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
... – Scientific uncertainty must not be used as justification to do nothing. – Industrialized nations must take lead in slowing down rate and degree of global warming. – Developed countries voluntarily committed to reducing CO2 to 1990 levels by the year 2000 ...
... – Scientific uncertainty must not be used as justification to do nothing. – Industrialized nations must take lead in slowing down rate and degree of global warming. – Developed countries voluntarily committed to reducing CO2 to 1990 levels by the year 2000 ...
Global climate models, past, present and future
... paleoclimatic records show that deglacial meltwater has entered the Atlantic Ocean during a warm period (Bølling) preceding the Younger Dryas. This apparent paradox was recently resolved by a scenario supported by paleoceanographic data and model simulations that water crossing the Greenland-Scotlan ...
... paleoclimatic records show that deglacial meltwater has entered the Atlantic Ocean during a warm period (Bølling) preceding the Younger Dryas. This apparent paradox was recently resolved by a scenario supported by paleoceanographic data and model simulations that water crossing the Greenland-Scotlan ...
The Small Print: What the Royal Society left out
... they incorporate anthropogenic forcing. This assertion depends on the readily falsifiable claim that models correctly replicate natural variability. Models fail on natural variability, therefore the Royal Society’s claim fails in the real world. However, even if the conclusion were correct, it would ...
... they incorporate anthropogenic forcing. This assertion depends on the readily falsifiable claim that models correctly replicate natural variability. Models fail on natural variability, therefore the Royal Society’s claim fails in the real world. However, even if the conclusion were correct, it would ...
Projecting change
... • Sea-level rise resulting in loss of coastal/intertidal habitats • Reduction of coldwater continental shelf habitats • Significant increase in coastal and offshore power ...
... • Sea-level rise resulting in loss of coastal/intertidal habitats • Reduction of coldwater continental shelf habitats • Significant increase in coastal and offshore power ...
iCLIPS
... yielding an improved range of future climate and sea-level change projections with reduced parameter uncertainty. The climate simulations carried out over the Last Interglacial will provide very useful information to help us answer some of the key questions regarding the evolution of the climate sys ...
... yielding an improved range of future climate and sea-level change projections with reduced parameter uncertainty. The climate simulations carried out over the Last Interglacial will provide very useful information to help us answer some of the key questions regarding the evolution of the climate sys ...
Climate affairs ppt for iafs 3000
... • It provides for adequate food production and water resources in a region • Experience from similar ecosystems • Reliable forecasts on all time scales • The careful use of climate information can make a hostile climate less so ...
... • It provides for adequate food production and water resources in a region • Experience from similar ecosystems • Reliable forecasts on all time scales • The careful use of climate information can make a hostile climate less so ...
USG Remarks at the Security Council Arria Formula - UN
... because they have the least economic, institutional, scientific, and technical capacity to cope and adapt. ...
... because they have the least economic, institutional, scientific, and technical capacity to cope and adapt. ...
CRS Report for Congress Global Climate Change: Received through the CRS Web
... Environmental Enterprises Assistance Fund that provides loans, equity capital, training, and technical assistance to renewable energy businesses in developing countries. The Biomass Energy Systems and Technology project funds demonstration projects using biomass wastes, such as sugar cane residue, f ...
... Environmental Enterprises Assistance Fund that provides loans, equity capital, training, and technical assistance to renewable energy businesses in developing countries. The Biomass Energy Systems and Technology project funds demonstration projects using biomass wastes, such as sugar cane residue, f ...
Climate Change and Health Vulnerability Assessment
... “Measurement of health effects from climate change can only be very approximate. Nevertheless, a WHO quantitative assessment, taking into account only a subset of the possible health impacts, concluded that the effects of the climate change that has occurred since the mid1970s may have caused over 1 ...
... “Measurement of health effects from climate change can only be very approximate. Nevertheless, a WHO quantitative assessment, taking into account only a subset of the possible health impacts, concluded that the effects of the climate change that has occurred since the mid1970s may have caused over 1 ...
Introduction - San Jose State University
... In class assignment #2 How does this situation affect the climate? (2-3 sentences) ...
... In class assignment #2 How does this situation affect the climate? (2-3 sentences) ...
In-Class: Climate Change Packet - Liberty Union High School District
... average temperature of the Earth, which has been increasing for many years. This is called global warming. Rising global temperatures lead to other changes around the world, such as stronger hurricanes, melting glaciers, and the loss of wildlife habitats. That's because the Earth's air, water, and l ...
... average temperature of the Earth, which has been increasing for many years. This is called global warming. Rising global temperatures lead to other changes around the world, such as stronger hurricanes, melting glaciers, and the loss of wildlife habitats. That's because the Earth's air, water, and l ...
Kyoto Protocol and Global Warming
... Technical and Economic Assessment – Reductions are technically possible – Reductions are economically feasible – “No-Regrets” opportunities are available ...
... Technical and Economic Assessment – Reductions are technically possible – Reductions are economically feasible – “No-Regrets” opportunities are available ...
Could thawing permafrost accelerate global warming?
... emissions from burning fossil fuels, is happening faster in the Arctic than anywhere else. This warming is causing permafrost to begin to thaw. The graph opposite is from a scientific report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – it shows the projected decline in the area of surface perm ...
... emissions from burning fossil fuels, is happening faster in the Arctic than anywhere else. This warming is causing permafrost to begin to thaw. The graph opposite is from a scientific report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – it shows the projected decline in the area of surface perm ...
Document
... gain from emissions trading schemes (which arguably were not effective enough), while more important areas like enforcing technological change, reducing emissions at source, or reducing vulnerability to climate change in poor countries were not addressed sufficiently. In particular, there is a need ...
... gain from emissions trading schemes (which arguably were not effective enough), while more important areas like enforcing technological change, reducing emissions at source, or reducing vulnerability to climate change in poor countries were not addressed sufficiently. In particular, there is a need ...
Slide 1
... -Comparatively, changes in chemical composition are probably not as important to climate (on short timescales – 100’s of years) Radiative impact of ozone and CH4 likely to be dwarfed by that of CO2 ...
... -Comparatively, changes in chemical composition are probably not as important to climate (on short timescales – 100’s of years) Radiative impact of ozone and CH4 likely to be dwarfed by that of CO2 ...
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
... Policymakers need an objective source of the most widely accepted scientific information about climate change, its effects, and possible response options. The IPCC was established in 1988 to meet this need. Both governments and scientists were involved in creating the IPCC and deciding how it woul ...
... Policymakers need an objective source of the most widely accepted scientific information about climate change, its effects, and possible response options. The IPCC was established in 1988 to meet this need. Both governments and scientists were involved in creating the IPCC and deciding how it woul ...
Public Health Implications of Global Warming
... •Extreme weather- related health effects •Air pollution-related health effects •Water and food-borne diseases •Vector-borne and rodent- borne diseases •Effects of food and water shortages •Effects of population displacement ...
... •Extreme weather- related health effects •Air pollution-related health effects •Water and food-borne diseases •Vector-borne and rodent- borne diseases •Effects of food and water shortages •Effects of population displacement ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.