Chapter 14 - faculty at Chemeketa
... An amine salt • forms when an amine is neutralized by acid. • is named by replacing the amine part of the name with ammonium, followed by the name of the negative ion. CH3—NH2 + HCl CH3—NH3+ Cl– methylamine ...
... An amine salt • forms when an amine is neutralized by acid. • is named by replacing the amine part of the name with ammonium, followed by the name of the negative ion. CH3—NH2 + HCl CH3—NH3+ Cl– methylamine ...
Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Aldehydes and Ketones.
... • The difference between the two reactions is what then happens to the intermediate. • Aldehydes and ketones cannot undergo substitution because they do not have a good leaving group bonded to the newly formed sp3 hybridized carbon. ...
... • The difference between the two reactions is what then happens to the intermediate. • Aldehydes and ketones cannot undergo substitution because they do not have a good leaving group bonded to the newly formed sp3 hybridized carbon. ...
07. Aldehydes and ketones
... The carbonyl group withdraws electron density from the double bond, and both the carbonyl carbon and the carbon are positively polarized. Their greater degree of charge separation makes the dipole moments of ,-unsaturated carbonyl compounds significantly larger than those of comparable aldehydes and ...
... The carbonyl group withdraws electron density from the double bond, and both the carbonyl carbon and the carbon are positively polarized. Their greater degree of charge separation makes the dipole moments of ,-unsaturated carbonyl compounds significantly larger than those of comparable aldehydes and ...
Organic Chemistry Fifth Edition
... The Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation is the oxidative cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters and cyclic ketones to lactones. The Baeyer-Villiger can be carried out with peracids, such as MCBPA, or with hydrogen peroxide and a Lewis acid. ...
... The Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation is the oxidative cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl, which converts ketones to esters and cyclic ketones to lactones. The Baeyer-Villiger can be carried out with peracids, such as MCBPA, or with hydrogen peroxide and a Lewis acid. ...
Amines
... none bonding electrons at nitrogen atom to form bond with an acid. • The more easier the lone pair electrons formed bond with the acid, will make the amines a stronger base. • Factors that effect the basicity of the amines: i) substitution by alkyl groups - the presence of alkyl groups (electron-don ...
... none bonding electrons at nitrogen atom to form bond with an acid. • The more easier the lone pair electrons formed bond with the acid, will make the amines a stronger base. • Factors that effect the basicity of the amines: i) substitution by alkyl groups - the presence of alkyl groups (electron-don ...
Chapter 9
... • A 1,2-shift can convert a less stable carbocation into a more stable carbocation. • Rearrangements are not unique to dehydration reactions. • Rearrangements can occur whenever a carbocation is formed as a reactive intermediate. • 2° carbocation A rearranges to the more stable 3° carbocation by a 1 ...
... • A 1,2-shift can convert a less stable carbocation into a more stable carbocation. • Rearrangements are not unique to dehydration reactions. • Rearrangements can occur whenever a carbocation is formed as a reactive intermediate. • 2° carbocation A rearranges to the more stable 3° carbocation by a 1 ...
عرض تقديمي من PowerPoint
... Chemical properties Aziridine is not very stable its best stored over sodium hydroxide in refrigerator. It has a number of reactions of secondary amines. 1. As a secondary amines Aziridine add activated double bounds. H ...
... Chemical properties Aziridine is not very stable its best stored over sodium hydroxide in refrigerator. It has a number of reactions of secondary amines. 1. As a secondary amines Aziridine add activated double bounds. H ...
Organic Chemistry
... that nomenclature rules are signifcantly different for each class. Before we present systematic names for these compounds, you need to know that organic chemists informally use a form of common nomenclature based on the specific carboxylic acid that forms during their hydrolysis (Figure 15.15 ). Fig ...
... that nomenclature rules are signifcantly different for each class. Before we present systematic names for these compounds, you need to know that organic chemists informally use a form of common nomenclature based on the specific carboxylic acid that forms during their hydrolysis (Figure 15.15 ). Fig ...
Effect of Enzyme Activity and Frozen Storage on Jalapeño Pepper
... and (E)-2-hexenol are associated with the fresh and green notes of Capsicum peppers (Luning and others 1994). Other major volatiles found in Capsicum peppers are the terpenes limonene, linalool, (E)-β-ocimene, and δ-3-carene; the compound 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine; the aldehydes (E,Z)-2,6-nonadi ...
... and (E)-2-hexenol are associated with the fresh and green notes of Capsicum peppers (Luning and others 1994). Other major volatiles found in Capsicum peppers are the terpenes limonene, linalool, (E)-β-ocimene, and δ-3-carene; the compound 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine; the aldehydes (E,Z)-2,6-nonadi ...
Organic Chemistry
... Traditionally, all chemical compounds have been relegated to two categories: organic and inorganic. Organic compounds include most of the compounds of carbon, especially those containing carbon–hydrogen bonds. However, much of the chemistry that we have discussed so far concerns compounds derived fr ...
... Traditionally, all chemical compounds have been relegated to two categories: organic and inorganic. Organic compounds include most of the compounds of carbon, especially those containing carbon–hydrogen bonds. However, much of the chemistry that we have discussed so far concerns compounds derived fr ...
ppt file
... groups More electrophilic carbonyl groups are more reactive to addition (acyl halides are most reactive, amides are least) The intermediate with the best leaving group decomposes fastest Based on McMurry, Organic Chemistry, Chapter 21, 6th edition, (c) 2003 ...
... groups More electrophilic carbonyl groups are more reactive to addition (acyl halides are most reactive, amides are least) The intermediate with the best leaving group decomposes fastest Based on McMurry, Organic Chemistry, Chapter 21, 6th edition, (c) 2003 ...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
... groups More electrophilic carbonyl groups are more reactive to addition (acyl halides are most reactive, amides are least) The intermediate with the best leaving group decomposes fastest Based on McMurry, Organic Chemistry, Chapter 21, 6th edition, (c) 2003 ...
... groups More electrophilic carbonyl groups are more reactive to addition (acyl halides are most reactive, amides are least) The intermediate with the best leaving group decomposes fastest Based on McMurry, Organic Chemistry, Chapter 21, 6th edition, (c) 2003 ...
Synthesis of New 3-Heteroarylindoles as Potential
... breast carcinoma cell line. The results indicated that many of the tested compounds showed moderate to high anticancer activity when compared with doxorubicin as a reference drug. Keywords: thiazoles; pyrazoles; coupling reactions; thiosemicarbazides; molecular docking; anti-cancer activity ...
... breast carcinoma cell line. The results indicated that many of the tested compounds showed moderate to high anticancer activity when compared with doxorubicin as a reference drug. Keywords: thiazoles; pyrazoles; coupling reactions; thiosemicarbazides; molecular docking; anti-cancer activity ...
Ch14b: Carboxylic Acids
... effect makes it difficult to use in many cases. ‣ Phenols and carboxylic acids are acidic, but other substances with these functional groups don’t have the same side effect. ‣ In salicylic acid, the functional groups interact to create that greater acidity. ...
... effect makes it difficult to use in many cases. ‣ Phenols and carboxylic acids are acidic, but other substances with these functional groups don’t have the same side effect. ‣ In salicylic acid, the functional groups interact to create that greater acidity. ...
Chapter 18 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
... – Halide ion is the weakest base and the best leaving group; acid halides are the most reactive toward nucleophilic acyl substitution. – Amide ion is the strongest base and the poorest leaving group; amides are the least reactive toward nucleophilic acyl substitution. ...
... – Halide ion is the weakest base and the best leaving group; acid halides are the most reactive toward nucleophilic acyl substitution. – Amide ion is the strongest base and the poorest leaving group; amides are the least reactive toward nucleophilic acyl substitution. ...
Organic Chemistry II / CHEM 252 Chapter 16
... • Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones – The tetrahedral carbon resulting from addition to an aldehyde is less sterically hindered than the tetrahedral carbon resulting from addition to a ketone – Aldehyde carbonyl groups are more electron deficient because they have only one electron- ...
... • Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones – The tetrahedral carbon resulting from addition to an aldehyde is less sterically hindered than the tetrahedral carbon resulting from addition to a ketone – Aldehyde carbonyl groups are more electron deficient because they have only one electron- ...
Organic Chemistry: An Indian Journal
... years. Ethers are significant solvents and synthetic important supplements for the production of fragrances, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and dyestuffs [1,2]. The Williamson reaction is the best technique for the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. The Williamson reaction generally inv ...
... years. Ethers are significant solvents and synthetic important supplements for the production of fragrances, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and dyestuffs [1,2]. The Williamson reaction is the best technique for the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. The Williamson reaction generally inv ...
Practice Problem - HCC Southeast Commons
... Practice Problem: Monobromination of toluene gives a mixture of three bromotoluene products. Draw and name them. ...
... Practice Problem: Monobromination of toluene gives a mixture of three bromotoluene products. Draw and name them. ...
Chapter 3
... • in primary, secondary, tertiary amines, the amine nitrogen is bonded to one, two, three alkyl groups • in primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols, the OH group is bonded to a primary, secondary, tertiary carbon • primary, secondary, tertiary carbons are connected to one, two, three alkyl groups ...
... • in primary, secondary, tertiary amines, the amine nitrogen is bonded to one, two, three alkyl groups • in primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols, the OH group is bonded to a primary, secondary, tertiary carbon • primary, secondary, tertiary carbons are connected to one, two, three alkyl groups ...
physicochemical properties of organic medicinal agents
... Like alkenes, alkynyl groups can facilitate nucleophilic substitution reactions at adjacent or "allylic" carbon atoms as discussed in more detail in the Resonance and Induction Tutorial and in the Alkene Tutorial. In such cases the allylic alkynyl group enhances the displacement reaction by resonanc ...
... Like alkenes, alkynyl groups can facilitate nucleophilic substitution reactions at adjacent or "allylic" carbon atoms as discussed in more detail in the Resonance and Induction Tutorial and in the Alkene Tutorial. In such cases the allylic alkynyl group enhances the displacement reaction by resonanc ...
1 Chapter 21: Organic and Biochemical Molecules
... Include the number indicating the substituents placement in front of the name of the substituent. If there is only one double bond then the number 1 does not need to be included prior to the core name because the position of the double bond is implied. If there is only 1 substituent and no double bo ...
... Include the number indicating the substituents placement in front of the name of the substituent. If there is only one double bond then the number 1 does not need to be included prior to the core name because the position of the double bond is implied. If there is only 1 substituent and no double bo ...
![ch13[1].](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008194698_1-d188c504eac7b7806e762a2340484910-300x300.png)
ch13[1].
... • Aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols and carboxylic acids, compounds in which there is hydrogen bonding between molecules. ...
... • Aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols and carboxylic acids, compounds in which there is hydrogen bonding between molecules. ...
Chemistry XII - Kendriya Vidyalaya IIM,Lucknow
... Where z is electrochemical equivalent. Unit of electrochemical equivalent is gram/coulomb Faraday is charge on 1 mole of electrons. ...
... Where z is electrochemical equivalent. Unit of electrochemical equivalent is gram/coulomb Faraday is charge on 1 mole of electrons. ...
chemical and isotopic evidence for the in situ origin of marine humic
... into the humic acid by the NaO,I-I treatment. However, the samples from Saanich Inlet and the Dead Sea had all elemental sulfur extracted by solvents and the unstable sulfides removed by acid treatment bcforc the humic acid extraction, and the humic acid was still rich in sulfur. The samples rich in ...
... into the humic acid by the NaO,I-I treatment. However, the samples from Saanich Inlet and the Dead Sea had all elemental sulfur extracted by solvents and the unstable sulfides removed by acid treatment bcforc the humic acid extraction, and the humic acid was still rich in sulfur. The samples rich in ...
Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol, which is also called carbolic acid C6H5OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule.Synonyms are arenols or aryl alcohols.Phenolic compounds are synthesized industrially; they also are produced by plants and microorganisms, with variation between and within species.Although similar to alcohols, phenols have unique properties and are not classified as alcohols (since the hydroxyl group is not bonded to a saturated carbon atom). They have higher acidities due to the aromatic ring's tight coupling with the oxygen and a relatively loose bond between the oxygen and hydrogen. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pKa is usually between 10 and 12).Loss of a positive hydrogen ion (H+) from the hydroxyl group of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides, although the term aryloxides is preferred according to the IUPAC Gold Book. Phenols can have two or more hydroxy groups bonded to the aromatic ring(s) in the same molecule. The simplest examples are the three benzenediols, each having two hydroxy groups on a benzene ring.Organisms that synthesize phenolic compounds do so in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research.ref name=Klepacka Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants. Others possess estrogenic or endocrine disrupting activity.