Project Document for CEO Approval
... small border to the southeast, with Djibouti. Endowed with a 1,900-kilometer coastline, the country’s expansive territorial waters encompass 120,000 km2 of the Red Sea. Eritrea’s geography can be divided into three general regions: the central highlands, the midlands and the lowlands (DoE, 2001a).1 ...
... small border to the southeast, with Djibouti. Endowed with a 1,900-kilometer coastline, the country’s expansive territorial waters encompass 120,000 km2 of the Red Sea. Eritrea’s geography can be divided into three general regions: the central highlands, the midlands and the lowlands (DoE, 2001a).1 ...
Potential surface temperature and shallow groundwater temperature
... Futhermore, the length of the growing season is expected to increase with an upward shift in the AT regime. Under a deciduous canopy, an increase in early-spring and late-fall foliation/defoliation could affect both thermal and hydrological processes by altering the amount of net radiation and evapo ...
... Futhermore, the length of the growing season is expected to increase with an upward shift in the AT regime. Under a deciduous canopy, an increase in early-spring and late-fall foliation/defoliation could affect both thermal and hydrological processes by altering the amount of net radiation and evapo ...
Rapid response of silicate weathering rates to climate change in the
... Alternatively, variations in Sr isotopes can reflect changes in weathering conditions since minerals with different susceptibility to weathering display different 87Sr/86Sr ratios (Blum et al., 1993; Colin et al., 1999). For instance, Blum et al. (1993) have highlighted a significant dissolution of ...
... Alternatively, variations in Sr isotopes can reflect changes in weathering conditions since minerals with different susceptibility to weathering display different 87Sr/86Sr ratios (Blum et al., 1993; Colin et al., 1999). For instance, Blum et al. (1993) have highlighted a significant dissolution of ...
Protecting People Crossing Borders in the Context of
... where affected persons were already vulnerable before the storm and their capacity to cope was particularly low at the same time. In such situations, the occurrence of large-scale displacement will be more likely than in a situation where the resilience of people and their capacity to withstand the ...
... where affected persons were already vulnerable before the storm and their capacity to cope was particularly low at the same time. In such situations, the occurrence of large-scale displacement will be more likely than in a situation where the resilience of people and their capacity to withstand the ...
7 Managing the Risks: International Level and Integration across Scales
... disaster risk reduction remains relatively low as compared to the scale of spending on international humanitarian response. [7.4.2] Governments have committed to mobilize greater amounts of funding for climate change adaptation and this may also help to support the longer-term investments necessary ...
... disaster risk reduction remains relatively low as compared to the scale of spending on international humanitarian response. [7.4.2] Governments have committed to mobilize greater amounts of funding for climate change adaptation and this may also help to support the longer-term investments necessary ...
Indoor air pollution
... Air pollution = material added to the atmosphere that can affect climate and harm organisms, including humans Air pollution can come from human-made chemicals and causes, but the majority is from natural sources. ...
... Air pollution = material added to the atmosphere that can affect climate and harm organisms, including humans Air pollution can come from human-made chemicals and causes, but the majority is from natural sources. ...
Working paper: Preference Attainment: Why are some Countries
... disagree and infer from their research that some countries perform better than others (Selck and Kaeding, 2004; Thorsten Selck and Kuipers, 2005). Experts agree even less about what actually determines bargaining success, and hardly any work has so far been conducted for international bargaining sit ...
... disagree and infer from their research that some countries perform better than others (Selck and Kaeding, 2004; Thorsten Selck and Kuipers, 2005). Experts agree even less about what actually determines bargaining success, and hardly any work has so far been conducted for international bargaining sit ...
Weather Files and Future Climate
... temperatures at a given location. This is partly due to the relatively small number of files available for the UK and also the locations of the weather stations used to create the CIBSE TRYs and DSYs are generally located next to cities. This may seem to be a good idea since this is where the majori ...
... temperatures at a given location. This is partly due to the relatively small number of files available for the UK and also the locations of the weather stations used to create the CIBSE TRYs and DSYs are generally located next to cities. This may seem to be a good idea since this is where the majori ...
2015 DOS GCCI Indicator Training
... 3. Context is important. “Officially proposed” in the US is different from “officially proposed” in another country. The description in the reporting template should explain the local context in order to validate this component of the definition and note the date of each item proposed, adopted or im ...
... 3. Context is important. “Officially proposed” in the US is different from “officially proposed” in another country. The description in the reporting template should explain the local context in order to validate this component of the definition and note the date of each item proposed, adopted or im ...
Insights to Key Questions about Climate Change
... Storms and climate extremes such as droughts and heat waves also have major economic impacts. Trends in these climate extremes and associated losses exhibit major differences. The frequency of most types of storms and droughts either has not changed or has decreased during 1940-2000. Yet, losses (19 ...
... Storms and climate extremes such as droughts and heat waves also have major economic impacts. Trends in these climate extremes and associated losses exhibit major differences. The frequency of most types of storms and droughts either has not changed or has decreased during 1940-2000. Yet, losses (19 ...
Paper on N 2 O as a ozone depleting substances
... and sporadic, and their effects are short-lived, lasting only a few years. We assess the extent of their influence by calculating ODPs at peak sulfate loadings observed after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo (13, 16). For the remaining discussion, we will use an ODP of 0.017 as though it were independ ...
... and sporadic, and their effects are short-lived, lasting only a few years. We assess the extent of their influence by calculating ODPs at peak sulfate loadings observed after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo (13, 16). For the remaining discussion, we will use an ODP of 0.017 as though it were independ ...
assessment of the vulnerability of rural livelihoods in the Pacific to
... policy makers to evaluate the effectiveness of current policies or target actions to improve adaptive capacity. To address this shortfall and to facilitate more policy relevant outcomes, we undertook a SLA to determine the relative vulnerability of rural livelihoods across the Pacific to climate cha ...
... policy makers to evaluate the effectiveness of current policies or target actions to improve adaptive capacity. To address this shortfall and to facilitate more policy relevant outcomes, we undertook a SLA to determine the relative vulnerability of rural livelihoods across the Pacific to climate cha ...
The Third Oregon Climate Assessment Report
... Adaptation is necessary, as mitigation alone will not prevent serious impacts. In order to avoid negative impacts, now and in the future, we must both mitigate climate change and adapt to climate change. That is, we must try to reduce or even eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, and we must make prep ...
... Adaptation is necessary, as mitigation alone will not prevent serious impacts. In order to avoid negative impacts, now and in the future, we must both mitigate climate change and adapt to climate change. That is, we must try to reduce or even eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, and we must make prep ...
The Third Oregon Climate Assessment Report
... Adaptation is necessary, as mitigation alone will not prevent serious impacts. In order to avoid negative impacts, now and in the future, we must both mitigate climate change and adapt to climate change. That is, we must try to reduce or even eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, and we must make prep ...
... Adaptation is necessary, as mitigation alone will not prevent serious impacts. In order to avoid negative impacts, now and in the future, we must both mitigate climate change and adapt to climate change. That is, we must try to reduce or even eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, and we must make prep ...
CDP Climate Change 2015 - Coca
... This combination is quite unique in the bottling landscape. It makes us a stronger partner to our customers and ensures consumer choice. Our future plans include adding local brands with high brand equity to our portfolio. Our business strategy recognises the critical importance of creating shared v ...
... This combination is quite unique in the bottling landscape. It makes us a stronger partner to our customers and ensures consumer choice. Our future plans include adding local brands with high brand equity to our portfolio. Our business strategy recognises the critical importance of creating shared v ...
Climate Change, Economic Growth, and Conflict
... Gleditsch, 1998). A better understanding of whether or not, and if so under what conditions climatic changes contribute to violent conflict is very important not only for scientific reasons, but also because of its policy-implications. If climatic changes do indeed contribute to violent conflict, th ...
... Gleditsch, 1998). A better understanding of whether or not, and if so under what conditions climatic changes contribute to violent conflict is very important not only for scientific reasons, but also because of its policy-implications. If climatic changes do indeed contribute to violent conflict, th ...
Arranging deck chairs on the Titanic
... throughout Earth’s history… past climate changes were natural in origin… whereas most of the warming of the past 50 years is attributable to human activities’. 18 The report and subsequent research comprehensively analysed the probabilities of future impacts of climate change and, amongst other infe ...
... throughout Earth’s history… past climate changes were natural in origin… whereas most of the warming of the past 50 years is attributable to human activities’. 18 The report and subsequent research comprehensively analysed the probabilities of future impacts of climate change and, amongst other infe ...
The Third Oregon Climate Assessment Report
... Adaptation is necessary, as mitigation alone will not prevent serious impacts. In order to avoid negative impacts, now and in the future, we must both mitigate climate change and adapt to climate change. That is, we must try to reduce or even eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, and we must make prep ...
... Adaptation is necessary, as mitigation alone will not prevent serious impacts. In order to avoid negative impacts, now and in the future, we must both mitigate climate change and adapt to climate change. That is, we must try to reduce or even eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, and we must make prep ...
Connecting on Climate
... Foreword: a context for climate Change Communication For most of the past two centuries climate change has been discussed as a scientific phenomenon. The creation of fossil fuels, the chemistry of combustion, and the resulting changes in the atmosphere and planetary temperatures could be explained i ...
... Foreword: a context for climate Change Communication For most of the past two centuries climate change has been discussed as a scientific phenomenon. The creation of fossil fuels, the chemistry of combustion, and the resulting changes in the atmosphere and planetary temperatures could be explained i ...
British Columbia
... increased demand for water will strain the adaptive capacity of most forms of agriculture. Growing conditions may improve in some regions or for some crops, although the ability to expand agricultural regions will be constrained by soil suitability and water availability. Increasing demand for irrig ...
... increased demand for water will strain the adaptive capacity of most forms of agriculture. Growing conditions may improve in some regions or for some crops, although the ability to expand agricultural regions will be constrained by soil suitability and water availability. Increasing demand for irrig ...
MIGRATION AS AN ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE 1
... Discussions under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have included the issue of compensation for countries that may be forced to migrate elsewhere, such as small-island states confronted by rising sea levels. The focus of this paper is on the ways in which changes in environme ...
... Discussions under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have included the issue of compensation for countries that may be forced to migrate elsewhere, such as small-island states confronted by rising sea levels. The focus of this paper is on the ways in which changes in environme ...
Hydro_CC_0729 - University of Washington
... global temperature and its consequent fluctuation in precipitation would cause much larger fluctuation in runoff (Langbein, 1949; Revelle and Waggoner 1983; Karl and Riebsame 1989). Another difficulty for assessing the change in the hydrologic cycle is its spatial scale. The regional hydrologic chan ...
... global temperature and its consequent fluctuation in precipitation would cause much larger fluctuation in runoff (Langbein, 1949; Revelle and Waggoner 1983; Karl and Riebsame 1989). Another difficulty for assessing the change in the hydrologic cycle is its spatial scale. The regional hydrologic chan ...
Urban Areas and Climate Change: Review of Current Issues and
... of development, sources of innovations and policy responses to reduce the emissions of heat trapping gases and adapt to the impacts of climate change. It is this combination, within urban areas, of increased vulnerabilities along with increased opportunities that can incubate important synergies and ...
... of development, sources of innovations and policy responses to reduce the emissions of heat trapping gases and adapt to the impacts of climate change. It is this combination, within urban areas, of increased vulnerabilities along with increased opportunities that can incubate important synergies and ...
Climate Change in Kiana, Alaska - Alaska Native Tribal Health
... Information sources for this report include the observations of local residents, reports from government agencies, and scientific evidence gathered from published sources. Kiana has experienced climate change for at least the past 50 years, as evidenced by rising temperatures in every month and inc ...
... Information sources for this report include the observations of local residents, reports from government agencies, and scientific evidence gathered from published sources. Kiana has experienced climate change for at least the past 50 years, as evidenced by rising temperatures in every month and inc ...
Climate Change Associated Sediment Yield Changes on the Rio
... spring melting of the snowpack. These changes may not only impact surface water flows, but the interaction between surface water and ground water as well. Warmer temperatures are anticipated to both drive up evaporation rates and increase the length of the growing season, contributing to lower overa ...
... spring melting of the snowpack. These changes may not only impact surface water flows, but the interaction between surface water and ground water as well. Warmer temperatures are anticipated to both drive up evaporation rates and increase the length of the growing season, contributing to lower overa ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.