Reconciling International Investment Law and Climate Change
... Phillip Morris responded by initiating arbitration in both countries, seeking an injunction and lost profits potentially in the billions of dollars.19 The threat of investment arbitration is widely believed to have played an important part in deterring the Canadian government from adopting tobacco p ...
... Phillip Morris responded by initiating arbitration in both countries, seeking an injunction and lost profits potentially in the billions of dollars.19 The threat of investment arbitration is widely believed to have played an important part in deterring the Canadian government from adopting tobacco p ...
impacts of climate change on urban development in the uae
... The response to climate change impacts is led by the United Nations and is encouraging world states to take the responsibility of saving their environment and live in peace in their home, the earth. The response is developed through a climate change governance and the implantation responsibility lie ...
... The response to climate change impacts is led by the United Nations and is encouraging world states to take the responsibility of saving their environment and live in peace in their home, the earth. The response is developed through a climate change governance and the implantation responsibility lie ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Urban Areas
... sea-level rise and storm surges. There are some particular worries with regard to the impact of the needed measures on housing and basic services for low-income groups: higher building and infrastructure standards and land-use restrictions (including avoiding new constructions on floodplains) could ...
... sea-level rise and storm surges. There are some particular worries with regard to the impact of the needed measures on housing and basic services for low-income groups: higher building and infrastructure standards and land-use restrictions (including avoiding new constructions on floodplains) could ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Properties
... The World Heritage Committee at its 29th session (Decision 29 COM 7B.a – Annex 1) requested the World Heritage Centre, in collaboration with the Advisory Bodies, interested States Parties and petitioners who had drawn the attention of the Committee to this issue, to convene a broad working group of ...
... The World Heritage Committee at its 29th session (Decision 29 COM 7B.a – Annex 1) requested the World Heritage Centre, in collaboration with the Advisory Bodies, interested States Parties and petitioners who had drawn the attention of the Committee to this issue, to convene a broad working group of ...
City of Tshwane Vulnerability Assessment to Climate Change
... Table 6. The present-day climate of Tshwane: Seasonal and annual averages for minimum, maximum and mean daily temperatures (°C) over Tshwane. These averages were calculated over the period 1961-1990, using the gridded station data of the CRUTS3.1 data set. ........................................... ...
... Table 6. The present-day climate of Tshwane: Seasonal and annual averages for minimum, maximum and mean daily temperatures (°C) over Tshwane. These averages were calculated over the period 1961-1990, using the gridded station data of the CRUTS3.1 data set. ........................................... ...
Will groundwater ease freshwater stress under climate change?
... In the following, we first synthesize the current knowledge of the impacts of climate change on freshwater resources in general. We then focus on the impacts on groundwater and, finally, discuss where and under what circumstances groundwater may ease freshwater stress under climate change. CLIMATE C ...
... In the following, we first synthesize the current knowledge of the impacts of climate change on freshwater resources in general. We then focus on the impacts on groundwater and, finally, discuss where and under what circumstances groundwater may ease freshwater stress under climate change. CLIMATE C ...
C. Survey on the impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage
... The World Heritage Committee at its 29th session (Decision 29 COM 7B.a – Annex 1) requested the World Heritage Centre, in collaboration with the Advisory Bodies, interested States Parties and petitioners who had drawn the attention of the Committee to this issue, to convene a broad working group of ...
... The World Heritage Committee at its 29th session (Decision 29 COM 7B.a – Annex 1) requested the World Heritage Centre, in collaboration with the Advisory Bodies, interested States Parties and petitioners who had drawn the attention of the Committee to this issue, to convene a broad working group of ...
Atmosphere and Climate Change ppt
... Air pollution = material added to the atmosphere that can affect climate and harm organisms, including humans Air pollution can come from human-made chemicals and causes, but the majority is from natural sources. ...
... Air pollution = material added to the atmosphere that can affect climate and harm organisms, including humans Air pollution can come from human-made chemicals and causes, but the majority is from natural sources. ...
An Inter-Comparison of the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and the
... range of conditions most preferred by the majority of tourists. Excellent and very good categories can still have some facets within the range of conditions ranked highest by the majority of tourists. HCI scores of less than 40 represent conditions that were deemed unacceptable to the majority of to ...
... range of conditions most preferred by the majority of tourists. Excellent and very good categories can still have some facets within the range of conditions ranked highest by the majority of tourists. HCI scores of less than 40 represent conditions that were deemed unacceptable to the majority of to ...
Simulating climate change and its effects on the wind energy
... The scatter plots in Figure 3 compare RCA ERA 10 m wind speed with observed wind speed at the inland station Birr and the east coast station Dublin Airport. It is noted that the model has a tendency not to capture wind speeds at the more extreme scales. This is particularly evident in the scatter pl ...
... The scatter plots in Figure 3 compare RCA ERA 10 m wind speed with observed wind speed at the inland station Birr and the east coast station Dublin Airport. It is noted that the model has a tendency not to capture wind speeds at the more extreme scales. This is particularly evident in the scatter pl ...
Australian rangelands and climate change – Cenchrus
... Containment strategies for buffel grass are required for high value environmental assets, given that eradication will be impossible without unsustainable resources. Likewise control is likely to be very difficult, if not impossible, in areas where the plant is already widespread. This makes containm ...
... Containment strategies for buffel grass are required for high value environmental assets, given that eradication will be impossible without unsustainable resources. Likewise control is likely to be very difficult, if not impossible, in areas where the plant is already widespread. This makes containm ...
health perspectives
... Climate change threatens human health in many ways. The negative impacts of climate change on human health are likely to increase in both magnitude and frequency as the climate system continues to change in response to ever increasing global emissions of heat-trapping gases released from a variety o ...
... Climate change threatens human health in many ways. The negative impacts of climate change on human health are likely to increase in both magnitude and frequency as the climate system continues to change in response to ever increasing global emissions of heat-trapping gases released from a variety o ...
Australian rangelands and climate change – Cenchrus
... Containment strategies for buffel grass are required for high value environmental assets, given that eradication will be impossible without unsustainable resources. Likewise control is likely to be very difficult, if not impossible, in areas where the plant is already widespread. This makes containm ...
... Containment strategies for buffel grass are required for high value environmental assets, given that eradication will be impossible without unsustainable resources. Likewise control is likely to be very difficult, if not impossible, in areas where the plant is already widespread. This makes containm ...
Global trends in extreme precipitation
... et al., 2013). Here, gridded HadEX2 annual maximum 1day precipitation data (Rx1day) are analyzed as the observation data set. The Rx1day extreme precipitation index is defined as the annual-maximum daily precipitation, in which the maximum 1-day precipitation amount is selected for each year. The sa ...
... et al., 2013). Here, gridded HadEX2 annual maximum 1day precipitation data (Rx1day) are analyzed as the observation data set. The Rx1day extreme precipitation index is defined as the annual-maximum daily precipitation, in which the maximum 1-day precipitation amount is selected for each year. The sa ...
Indian Ocean Territory Climate Change Risk Assessment
... Both Territories experienced changes in the climate (such as air temperature and rainfall) over the past decades. These trends are likely to continue and even accelerate during the 21st Century. The observed climate trends for the IOT include: an increase in annual and seasonal air temperature by 0. ...
... Both Territories experienced changes in the climate (such as air temperature and rainfall) over the past decades. These trends are likely to continue and even accelerate during the 21st Century. The observed climate trends for the IOT include: an increase in annual and seasonal air temperature by 0. ...
A Warm Response, Our Climate Change Challenge
... consensus on anthropogenic global warming has emerged. Today there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities and that human-induced climate change, additional to that caused by natural variability, is now taking place (I ...
... consensus on anthropogenic global warming has emerged. Today there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities and that human-induced climate change, additional to that caused by natural variability, is now taking place (I ...
Use of Traditional Weather/Climate Knowledge by Farmers
... Traditional knowledge is explained as the knowledge of a group or a community from a particular area, based on their environmental understanding, interacting with nature and experiences within their area [3,4]. In our research, emphasis has been on what scientists learned from this traditional knowl ...
... Traditional knowledge is explained as the knowledge of a group or a community from a particular area, based on their environmental understanding, interacting with nature and experiences within their area [3,4]. In our research, emphasis has been on what scientists learned from this traditional knowl ...
Ground water and climate change
... During a recent (2006 to 2009) drought in the California Central Valley (Fig. 1), large-scale groundwater depletion occurred when the source of irrigation water shifted from surface water to predominantly ground water. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data and ground-based o ...
... During a recent (2006 to 2009) drought in the California Central Valley (Fig. 1), large-scale groundwater depletion occurred when the source of irrigation water shifted from surface water to predominantly ground water. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data and ground-based o ...
TAMK - University of Applied Sciences Tampere, Finland
... technologies and infrastructures which have significantly changed and increased the standards of living of people, first in Europe and Northern America and subsequently in Asia and Latin America. The development of techniques and machines which convert potential energy into work has heavily increase ...
... technologies and infrastructures which have significantly changed and increased the standards of living of people, first in Europe and Northern America and subsequently in Asia and Latin America. The development of techniques and machines which convert potential energy into work has heavily increase ...
Use of Traditional Weather/Climate Knowledge by Farmers in the
... Traditional knowledge is explained as the knowledge of a group or a community from a particular area, based on their environmental understanding, interacting with nature and experiences within their area [3,4]. In our research, emphasis has been on what scientists learned from this traditional knowl ...
... Traditional knowledge is explained as the knowledge of a group or a community from a particular area, based on their environmental understanding, interacting with nature and experiences within their area [3,4]. In our research, emphasis has been on what scientists learned from this traditional knowl ...
Evanston Climate Action Plan
... existing programs, initiatives and resources. Moreover, it is important to recognize that, while there will be upfront costs to reducing Evanston’s GHG emissions that can’t be offset by immediate savings elsewhere, in the long term there will be substantial savings and economic growth for the City a ...
... existing programs, initiatives and resources. Moreover, it is important to recognize that, while there will be upfront costs to reducing Evanston’s GHG emissions that can’t be offset by immediate savings elsewhere, in the long term there will be substantial savings and economic growth for the City a ...
Using climate information for drought planning
... Planning is a task of basic problem-solving, and has been incorporated into many disciplines, including environmental issues related to land management, natural resources, water, and, more recently, drought (Bergman 2014). Water planners are used to dealing with uncertainty. The actual trajectory of ...
... Planning is a task of basic problem-solving, and has been incorporated into many disciplines, including environmental issues related to land management, natural resources, water, and, more recently, drought (Bergman 2014). Water planners are used to dealing with uncertainty. The actual trajectory of ...
Queensland Climate Change Centre of
... Sustainability is the ultimate whole-of-government — indeed, whole of society — issue. Sustainability must be the foundation upon which we build economic strength and natural resilience. It’s the beginning and the end of any discussion about society’s future. Sustainability isn’t something to be con ...
... Sustainability is the ultimate whole-of-government — indeed, whole of society — issue. Sustainability must be the foundation upon which we build economic strength and natural resilience. It’s the beginning and the end of any discussion about society’s future. Sustainability isn’t something to be con ...
Triple Harvest - California Climate and Agriculture Network (CalCAN)
... farmland conservation. For example, large-scale solar energy projects intended to help the state meet its renewable energy goals and address climate change threaten to take some of California’s most significant agricultural lands out of production. High-speed rail and the development that will resul ...
... farmland conservation. For example, large-scale solar energy projects intended to help the state meet its renewable energy goals and address climate change threaten to take some of California’s most significant agricultural lands out of production. High-speed rail and the development that will resul ...
Update on Climate Geoengineering in Relation to the
... action to date to reduce future emissions, the use of geoengineering techniques has been suggested and is being explored as a potential additional means to limit the magnitude of climate change. Such techniques have generated much discussions on their actual effectiveness and safety, and have also r ...
... action to date to reduce future emissions, the use of geoengineering techniques has been suggested and is being explored as a potential additional means to limit the magnitude of climate change. Such techniques have generated much discussions on their actual effectiveness and safety, and have also r ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.