The Principles and Criteria of Public Climate Finance
... development pathways. The Convention, the Kyoto Protocol and follow-up agreements and decisions by the Conference of the Parties (COP) have laid out some of the key principles relevant to the financial interaction between developing and developed countries. Other important principles, which can be i ...
... development pathways. The Convention, the Kyoto Protocol and follow-up agreements and decisions by the Conference of the Parties (COP) have laid out some of the key principles relevant to the financial interaction between developing and developed countries. Other important principles, which can be i ...
Click here to - Low Emission Strategies
... □ ITS/Leeds University, working with LCR Local Authorities, to improve techniques for monitoring & modelling of vehicle emissions ...
... □ ITS/Leeds University, working with LCR Local Authorities, to improve techniques for monitoring & modelling of vehicle emissions ...
Geography 40: Introduction to Earth System Science
... Earth System Science is an interdisciplinary field that describes the cycling of energy and matter between the different spheres (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, and lithosphere) of the earth system. 2. What are some typical Earth System Science problems? We will learn about how the ...
... Earth System Science is an interdisciplinary field that describes the cycling of energy and matter between the different spheres (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, and lithosphere) of the earth system. 2. What are some typical Earth System Science problems? We will learn about how the ...
Integrating ozone and UV research with climate change
... dynamic feedback loops, and its impacts on future ozone and UV levels over New Zealand. Equally, the links between polar ozone depletion and recent climate variability as postulated by Thompson and Solomon (2002) warrant further attention as they can demonstrate the potential for regional climate ch ...
... dynamic feedback loops, and its impacts on future ozone and UV levels over New Zealand. Equally, the links between polar ozone depletion and recent climate variability as postulated by Thompson and Solomon (2002) warrant further attention as they can demonstrate the potential for regional climate ch ...
UCU environmental news 43, Nov 15
... Welcome to the Paris Climate Talks special edition. In December, 2015, the United Nations meet for one of the most important international conferences since the end of the 2nd world war. We urgently need to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius compar ...
... Welcome to the Paris Climate Talks special edition. In December, 2015, the United Nations meet for one of the most important international conferences since the end of the 2nd world war. We urgently need to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius compar ...
Global Warming and Global Change: Facts and Myths
... atmospheric circulation. Indeed, the last IPCC reports published [1] have demonstrated clearly the consequences of this process and have indicated an increase in tropospheric air humidity since the 1970s. The rising air moisture increases the greenhouse effect on one hand and forms more clouds on th ...
... atmospheric circulation. Indeed, the last IPCC reports published [1] have demonstrated clearly the consequences of this process and have indicated an increase in tropospheric air humidity since the 1970s. The rising air moisture increases the greenhouse effect on one hand and forms more clouds on th ...
Lord Nicholas Stern Towards A Global Deal on Climate Change
... percent by 2050 from 1990 levels, and keep on going down from there. I will come back to the question of the reductions that rich countries should make. You are going to see fairly quickly that they should be 80 percent from 1990 to 2050. But I will keep that for when I talk about the global deal. ...
... percent by 2050 from 1990 levels, and keep on going down from there. I will come back to the question of the reductions that rich countries should make. You are going to see fairly quickly that they should be 80 percent from 1990 to 2050. But I will keep that for when I talk about the global deal. ...
Managing our Debt: Changing Context Reduces Misunderstanding of Global Warming ()
... This visual similarity cannot, however, be the only trigger to adoption of the correlation heuristic because, as noted earlier, its use has been observed in other contexts and in non-graphical tasks (although the majority of studies have used some kind of graphical representation, e.g., Cronin et al ...
... This visual similarity cannot, however, be the only trigger to adoption of the correlation heuristic because, as noted earlier, its use has been observed in other contexts and in non-graphical tasks (although the majority of studies have used some kind of graphical representation, e.g., Cronin et al ...
Southern Hemisphere intermediate water formation and the bi
... In the context of future climate change, there is a need to understand the sensitivity of the Earth System to different forcings. Though not strict analogues for an anthropogenic future, past interglacials can be thought of as a series of natural experiments in which boundary conditions varied consi ...
... In the context of future climate change, there is a need to understand the sensitivity of the Earth System to different forcings. Though not strict analogues for an anthropogenic future, past interglacials can be thought of as a series of natural experiments in which boundary conditions varied consi ...
![Read the Policy Brief [177KB PDF]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/007921439_1-9ba1b0eabccde12d908604566b967d83-300x300.png)
Read the Policy Brief [177KB PDF]
... Conferences of the Parties. This may be in part because India was not sufficiently proactive in being at the forefront of the climate change debate. Recent high-profile agreements such as those between USA and China have further served to deflect attention from both high emission countries, and have ...
... Conferences of the Parties. This may be in part because India was not sufficiently proactive in being at the forefront of the climate change debate. Recent high-profile agreements such as those between USA and China have further served to deflect attention from both high emission countries, and have ...
PDF
... A globally efficient policy requires emissions reductions at a similar marginal cost in all countries, and on all sources of emissions where control policies are practicable. To achieve this efficiency, we (and many others, such as Stern 2006, xviii) contend that climate policy needs to use emission ...
... A globally efficient policy requires emissions reductions at a similar marginal cost in all countries, and on all sources of emissions where control policies are practicable. To achieve this efficiency, we (and many others, such as Stern 2006, xviii) contend that climate policy needs to use emission ...
NJCAA Agriculture - New Jersey Climate Adaptation Alliance
... concentration, increasing stress on crop plants and requiring more attention to pest and weed control. One concern with continued warming is the northward expansion of invasive weeds, such as kudzu. Controlling weeds currently costs the United States more than $11 billion a year, with the majority s ...
... concentration, increasing stress on crop plants and requiring more attention to pest and weed control. One concern with continued warming is the northward expansion of invasive weeds, such as kudzu. Controlling weeds currently costs the United States more than $11 billion a year, with the majority s ...
Climate change
... measures are credible and can be feasibly implemented. IFAD’s programmes and projects primarily support four types of adaptation activity: diversifying livelihoods to reduce risk; improving agricultural techniques and technologies; strengthening community-based natural resource management; and prepa ...
... measures are credible and can be feasibly implemented. IFAD’s programmes and projects primarily support four types of adaptation activity: diversifying livelihoods to reduce risk; improving agricultural techniques and technologies; strengthening community-based natural resource management; and prepa ...
Review of Climate Change in Colorado: A Synthesis... and Adaptation
... What are called “projections” than are just predictions in which sensitivity to initial conditions are ignored, and only the emissions specification is used to force changes. This limited set of predictions by itself should be a red flag that the results are not going to encompass what is possible i ...
... What are called “projections” than are just predictions in which sensitivity to initial conditions are ignored, and only the emissions specification is used to force changes. This limited set of predictions by itself should be a red flag that the results are not going to encompass what is possible i ...
Organized by - Assemblée nationale
... Scientific and Technological Options works well upstream of the legislative process ...
... Scientific and Technological Options works well upstream of the legislative process ...
2013 Canada-US Comparative Climate Opinion
... al. 2013), the IPCC’s Working Group I published its highly anticipated Fifth Assessment report in September 2013, concluding with more certainty than ever that climate change is primarily driven by human activity (IPCC 2013). In the same year, other scientific reports warned that the widely agreed u ...
... al. 2013), the IPCC’s Working Group I published its highly anticipated Fifth Assessment report in September 2013, concluding with more certainty than ever that climate change is primarily driven by human activity (IPCC 2013). In the same year, other scientific reports warned that the widely agreed u ...
The Electoral Disconnect and its Constitutional Implications
... War II, and the triumph of national government over state and local governments during the Civil Rights era. This gradual transition has bestowed much autonomy on the elite politicians, a reality that the Founding Fathers, specifically the Anti-Federalists, might have hoped to avoid. With more respo ...
... War II, and the triumph of national government over state and local governments during the Civil Rights era. This gradual transition has bestowed much autonomy on the elite politicians, a reality that the Founding Fathers, specifically the Anti-Federalists, might have hoped to avoid. With more respo ...
- ERA - University of Alberta
... concerns. For each issue, he asked: “But is it true?” a question that needs to be pursued much more often in our risk-averse age. Some things are objectively true and some are not, and whether they are or not has critical public policy implications. In many cases, Wildavsky and his students learned ...
... concerns. For each issue, he asked: “But is it true?” a question that needs to be pursued much more often in our risk-averse age. Some things are objectively true and some are not, and whether they are or not has critical public policy implications. In many cases, Wildavsky and his students learned ...
Chapter 18: Human Impacts on Climate
... of the Alberta oil sands would be an example of an expensive lost business opportunity. On the other hand, some means of reducing greenhouse gases, such as improving home insulation (which reduces energy use), are initially costly but have economic benefits over the long term. Consider All Factors A ...
... of the Alberta oil sands would be an example of an expensive lost business opportunity. On the other hand, some means of reducing greenhouse gases, such as improving home insulation (which reduces energy use), are initially costly but have economic benefits over the long term. Consider All Factors A ...
It`s Too Late to Run - Insight Community of Southern Maine
... consequences of those decisions are very public. I am asking that we fully absorb the linkage between dangerous global overheating and the fact that in our private lives we collectively emit the largest share of our country’s enormous emissions. Reductions on the scale needed can’t take place unle ...
... consequences of those decisions are very public. I am asking that we fully absorb the linkage between dangerous global overheating and the fact that in our private lives we collectively emit the largest share of our country’s enormous emissions. Reductions on the scale needed can’t take place unle ...
Document
... (4 ► 5) Propagate Uncertainty in Radiative Forcing to Mean Surface Temperature Change ...
... (4 ► 5) Propagate Uncertainty in Radiative Forcing to Mean Surface Temperature Change ...
The Global Politics of Climate Change: Challenge for Political Science
... generate five different “policy frames.” The crucial point is that each frame generates a distinctive type of politics—both international and domestic.3 The five policy frames follow: 1) Mitigation—emissions limitation—with the costs borne by current consumers and taxpayers, which in democracies means ...
... generate five different “policy frames.” The crucial point is that each frame generates a distinctive type of politics—both international and domestic.3 The five policy frames follow: 1) Mitigation—emissions limitation—with the costs borne by current consumers and taxpayers, which in democracies means ...
PDF
... of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere relative to preindustrial concentrations, but not allowing emissions to increase concentrations beyond that point. Tavoni et al. found that forestry actions, which include reductions in deforestation, could reduce costs of stabilizing concentrations by up to 50% c ...
... of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere relative to preindustrial concentrations, but not allowing emissions to increase concentrations beyond that point. Tavoni et al. found that forestry actions, which include reductions in deforestation, could reduce costs of stabilizing concentrations by up to 50% c ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.