Climate Literacy Principles
... coming season is likely to be different from climatology (see definition). Climate forecasts are generally based on the chances (or probability) that an event will occur, for example that rainfall or temperature will be either below normal, near normal, or above normal. ...
... coming season is likely to be different from climatology (see definition). Climate forecasts are generally based on the chances (or probability) that an event will occur, for example that rainfall or temperature will be either below normal, near normal, or above normal. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... climate change has broadened beyond mitigation and adaptation with the recent discussion of potential climate engineering options. How to define and categorize climate engineering options has been a recurring issue in both public and specialist discussions. We assert here that current definitions of ...
... climate change has broadened beyond mitigation and adaptation with the recent discussion of potential climate engineering options. How to define and categorize climate engineering options has been a recurring issue in both public and specialist discussions. We assert here that current definitions of ...
climate change notes/questions 2
... Source: Measurements (1958 through 2008) are from Mauna Loa as reported by Pieter Tans of NOAA (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/). Other ice core data from: (1) Neftel, A., H. Friedli, E. Moor, H. Lötscher, H. Oeschger, U. Siegenthaler, and B. Stauffer. 1994. Historical CO2 record from the ...
... Source: Measurements (1958 through 2008) are from Mauna Loa as reported by Pieter Tans of NOAA (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/). Other ice core data from: (1) Neftel, A., H. Friedli, E. Moor, H. Lötscher, H. Oeschger, U. Siegenthaler, and B. Stauffer. 1994. Historical CO2 record from the ...
Friday lecture part 2 - Pdx
... Course Description: It is increasingly evident to scientists, and even to policy makers and the general public, that global climate change may be occurring on our planet. Such climate change has major economic, societal, and political implications. But how do we know that climate is changing? And wh ...
... Course Description: It is increasingly evident to scientists, and even to policy makers and the general public, that global climate change may be occurring on our planet. Such climate change has major economic, societal, and political implications. But how do we know that climate is changing? And wh ...
Dangerous Degrees - The Climate Institute
... lines of evidence pieced together by thousands of scientists today—we are witnessing a global warming unprecedented in human history. ...
... lines of evidence pieced together by thousands of scientists today—we are witnessing a global warming unprecedented in human history. ...
ABBE Level 3 Diploma in Domestic Green Deal Advice Annex D
... Changes in rainfall and temperature will likely affect many animal and plant species around the world. Some species might be unable to adapt or move quickly enough to areas with suitable climates, and habitats might not be available for them to move into. Under high levels of climate change, large a ...
... Changes in rainfall and temperature will likely affect many animal and plant species around the world. Some species might be unable to adapt or move quickly enough to areas with suitable climates, and habitats might not be available for them to move into. Under high levels of climate change, large a ...
as powerpoint presentation - UGAMP
... •Data provision for scientists from monsoon-affected countries using the PROMISE data archive as an example. •Use of seasonal forecasts as an operational tool •Applications of crop and hydrological model output to decision-making processes in developing countries •Future of integrated climate/impact ...
... •Data provision for scientists from monsoon-affected countries using the PROMISE data archive as an example. •Use of seasonal forecasts as an operational tool •Applications of crop and hydrological model output to decision-making processes in developing countries •Future of integrated climate/impact ...
Global Ocean Acidification and Ecosystem Response Observing
... 28% of extra CO2 absorbed by the ocean Peters et al (2012) The challenge to keep global warming below 2⁰C. Nature Climate Change (online 2 Dec) ...
... 28% of extra CO2 absorbed by the ocean Peters et al (2012) The challenge to keep global warming below 2⁰C. Nature Climate Change (online 2 Dec) ...
Annex B. Glossary of Terms
... precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system. Climate change Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period ( ...
... precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system. Climate change Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period ( ...
climate change - india`s perspective
... Climate Change is a serious global environmental concern. It is primarily caused by the building up of Green House Gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. The global increases in carbon dioxide concentration are due primarily to fossil fuel use and land use change, while those of methane and nitrous oxide ar ...
... Climate Change is a serious global environmental concern. It is primarily caused by the building up of Green House Gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. The global increases in carbon dioxide concentration are due primarily to fossil fuel use and land use change, while those of methane and nitrous oxide ar ...
Plants and Animals in Washington (PDF)
... biological events, such as spring budburst and migration, will shift for many species. Sea level rise is projected to displace coastal habitats and the species that depend on them. Ocean acidification will negatively impact marine species and ecosystems, particularly shellfish. Recent studies have p ...
... biological events, such as spring budburst and migration, will shift for many species. Sea level rise is projected to displace coastal habitats and the species that depend on them. Ocean acidification will negatively impact marine species and ecosystems, particularly shellfish. Recent studies have p ...
Marine Climate Change in Australia
... > Climate change requires immediate and vigorous international diplomacy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. According to the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, global greenhouse gas emissions have increased by 70% between 1970 and 2004. Some level of future cli ...
... > Climate change requires immediate and vigorous international diplomacy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. According to the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, global greenhouse gas emissions have increased by 70% between 1970 and 2004. Some level of future cli ...
Please click here to view background guide.
... popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into the oceans. The rest has melted ice and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over tens to thousands of years. Scientific understanding of ...
... popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into the oceans. The rest has melted ice and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over tens to thousands of years. Scientific understanding of ...
1 The Politics of the Carbon Economy Peter Newell and Matthew
... Our claim is not only a normative one; that we need such a transformation of capitalism to occur. This much is fairly obvious. We also claim that a wide range of contemporary climate governance activities, from the Kyoto system to the voluntary offset markets, are starting to imagine and aim for su ...
... Our claim is not only a normative one; that we need such a transformation of capitalism to occur. This much is fairly obvious. We also claim that a wide range of contemporary climate governance activities, from the Kyoto system to the voluntary offset markets, are starting to imagine and aim for su ...
Acceleration of global warming due to carbon
... ocean±atmosphere carbon ¯uxes in the long-term mean, and no discernible drift in atmospheric CO2 concentration. This simulation produces the locations of the main land biomes, and estimates of ocean carbon (38,100 Gt C), vegetation carbon (493 Gt C), soil carbon (1,180 Gt C) and terrestrial net prim ...
... ocean±atmosphere carbon ¯uxes in the long-term mean, and no discernible drift in atmospheric CO2 concentration. This simulation produces the locations of the main land biomes, and estimates of ocean carbon (38,100 Gt C), vegetation carbon (493 Gt C), soil carbon (1,180 Gt C) and terrestrial net prim ...
Climate change
... • Forest fires decrease even further the resilence of tropical forests in the Amazon • The role of CO2 “fertilization” is unkown and could increase resilience ...
... • Forest fires decrease even further the resilence of tropical forests in the Amazon • The role of CO2 “fertilization” is unkown and could increase resilience ...
Current and future climate of Vanuatu
... more acidic. This impacts the growth of corals and organisms that construct their skeletons from carbonate minerals. These species are critical to the balance of tropical reef ecosystems. Data show that since the 18th century the level of ocean acidification has been slowly increasing in Vanuatu’s w ...
... more acidic. This impacts the growth of corals and organisms that construct their skeletons from carbonate minerals. These species are critical to the balance of tropical reef ecosystems. Data show that since the 18th century the level of ocean acidification has been slowly increasing in Vanuatu’s w ...
Global Warming FAQ - Competitive Enterprise Institute
... Update 1/1/06: Another study relevant to this controversy is Zwally et al. (2005), which examined changes in ice mass "from elevation changes derived from 10.5 years (Greenland) and 9 years (Antarctica) of satellite radar altimetry data from the European Remote-sensing Satellites ERS-1 and -2." The ...
... Update 1/1/06: Another study relevant to this controversy is Zwally et al. (2005), which examined changes in ice mass "from elevation changes derived from 10.5 years (Greenland) and 9 years (Antarctica) of satellite radar altimetry data from the European Remote-sensing Satellites ERS-1 and -2." The ...
Global Warming FAQ Overview. Alarm over the prospect of the Earth
... Update 1/1/06: Another study relevant to this controversy is Zwally et al. (2005), which examined changes in ice mass "from elevation changes derived from 10.5 years (Greenland) and 9 years (Antarctica) of satellite radar altimetry data from the European Remote-sensing Satellites ERS-1 and -2." The ...
... Update 1/1/06: Another study relevant to this controversy is Zwally et al. (2005), which examined changes in ice mass "from elevation changes derived from 10.5 years (Greenland) and 9 years (Antarctica) of satellite radar altimetry data from the European Remote-sensing Satellites ERS-1 and -2." The ...
Current and future climate of the Fiji Islands
... year since 1993. This is larger than the global average of 2.8–3.6 mm per year. This higher rate of rise may be partly related to natural fluctuations that take place year to year or decade to decade caused by phenomena such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The natural variation in sea level can ...
... year since 1993. This is larger than the global average of 2.8–3.6 mm per year. This higher rate of rise may be partly related to natural fluctuations that take place year to year or decade to decade caused by phenomena such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The natural variation in sea level can ...
Interaction between Climate Change and the Cryosphere
... play a critical role in solar reflection and ocean circulation globally. The permafrost affects the soil moisture content and vegetation of huge areas. Glaciers and ice caps are especially sensitive to climate change since they react relatively rapidly, with consequences for ecosystems, human activi ...
... play a critical role in solar reflection and ocean circulation globally. The permafrost affects the soil moisture content and vegetation of huge areas. Glaciers and ice caps are especially sensitive to climate change since they react relatively rapidly, with consequences for ecosystems, human activi ...
... [9] and topography [27] in large parts due to computational limitations. Main sources of uncertainties in the impact of climate change on hydrology studies can be classified as GCM outputs, climate change scenarios (SRES), downscaling techniques, non-climate data and hydrology models. Jyrkama and Sy ...
pices xv - North Pacific Marine Science Organization
... It has been recognized through modeling efforts that climate – carbon cycle interactions may form a positive feedback loop for the global warming. The actual extent of the feedback is, however, strongly model dependent. This situation necessitates an organized activity to compare results from variou ...
... It has been recognized through modeling efforts that climate – carbon cycle interactions may form a positive feedback loop for the global warming. The actual extent of the feedback is, however, strongly model dependent. This situation necessitates an organized activity to compare results from variou ...
Global Climate Change and National Security
... priorities of the country. Second is the National Defense Strategy, which is produced by the secretary of defense. It translates the president’s guidance in the NSS to missionspecific priorities in the U.S. Department of Defense. The chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) promulgates the third doc ...
... priorities of the country. Second is the National Defense Strategy, which is produced by the secretary of defense. It translates the president’s guidance in the NSS to missionspecific priorities in the U.S. Department of Defense. The chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) promulgates the third doc ...
Ecosystems and climate interactions in the boreal zone of northern
... load on the downwind gap edges compared to undisturbed forest (figure 3). If another storm with velocities exceeding the critical one (e.g. 10 m s−1 for a gap size ≈10 h) occurs within the next 3–4 years when the natural regeneration has not had time to show significant growth, a ‘secondary’ windthr ...
... load on the downwind gap edges compared to undisturbed forest (figure 3). If another storm with velocities exceeding the critical one (e.g. 10 m s−1 for a gap size ≈10 h) occurs within the next 3–4 years when the natural regeneration has not had time to show significant growth, a ‘secondary’ windthr ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.