Opportunities for the Caribbean in the Kyoto Protocol Negotiations
... The Bali Action Plan is the main outcome of the negotiations that were completed in December 2007 in Bali, Indonesia. It lay out the groundwork for the new agreement to replace the Kyoto Protocol when the first commitment period end at the and of 2012. It identified four main pillars for the new ag ...
... The Bali Action Plan is the main outcome of the negotiations that were completed in December 2007 in Bali, Indonesia. It lay out the groundwork for the new agreement to replace the Kyoto Protocol when the first commitment period end at the and of 2012. It identified four main pillars for the new ag ...
02_Lunch_BWielicki Economic Value - A
... related to the 5 year ENSO time scale as seen for temperature ...
... related to the 5 year ENSO time scale as seen for temperature ...
Ecosystems and climate interactions in the boreal zone of northern
... load on the downwind gap edges compared to undisturbed forest (figure 3). If another storm with velocities exceeding the critical one (e.g. 10 m s−1 for a gap size ≈10 h) occurs within the next 3–4 years when the natural regeneration has not had time to show significant growth, a ‘secondary’ windthr ...
... load on the downwind gap edges compared to undisturbed forest (figure 3). If another storm with velocities exceeding the critical one (e.g. 10 m s−1 for a gap size ≈10 h) occurs within the next 3–4 years when the natural regeneration has not had time to show significant growth, a ‘secondary’ windthr ...
Background on Materials Greenhouse Gas
... • Metric tons of Carbon Equivalent (MTCE) • Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent • (MTCO2E) • Energy benefits – British Thermal Units ...
... • Metric tons of Carbon Equivalent (MTCE) • Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent • (MTCO2E) • Energy benefits – British Thermal Units ...
Climatic change and dynastic cycles in Chinese history: a review
... Twenty years earlier, Bret Hinsch had drawn the same conclusion: This information shows that the Tang fell during an exceptionally dry period, a fact which may have exacerbated other troubles faced by the dynasty. The uprising of Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao in 875, which ended in the destruction of ...
... Twenty years earlier, Bret Hinsch had drawn the same conclusion: This information shows that the Tang fell during an exceptionally dry period, a fact which may have exacerbated other troubles faced by the dynasty. The uprising of Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao in 875, which ended in the destruction of ...
CASE STUDY Combining Local Radio and Mobile Phones to
... Among the remote, rural communities on the Eastern edge of Zambia, along its border with Malawi, it seems an unlikely place to talk about the impact of human activity on the longrun future of the global climate. However, as the population throughout the region continues to grow, and swelling numb ...
... Among the remote, rural communities on the Eastern edge of Zambia, along its border with Malawi, it seems an unlikely place to talk about the impact of human activity on the longrun future of the global climate. However, as the population throughout the region continues to grow, and swelling numb ...
Document
... EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON REGIONAL STAGNATION GISS GCM simulations for 2050 vs. present-day climate using pollution tracers with constant emissions ...
... EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON REGIONAL STAGNATION GISS GCM simulations for 2050 vs. present-day climate using pollution tracers with constant emissions ...
CLIMATE AND HEALTH COUNTRY PROFILE – 2015 MYANMAR
... of the vectors and the infectious agents they carry and influence the transmission of water and foodborne diseases.b ...
... of the vectors and the infectious agents they carry and influence the transmission of water and foodborne diseases.b ...
X - School of GeoSciences
... • Models and emissions have developed in the last 5 years – time for an update • New scenarios from IIASA include AQ legislation measures (not in SRES) • SRES didn’t include ships – new datasets • SRES biomass burning(?) – new satellite data ...
... • Models and emissions have developed in the last 5 years – time for an update • New scenarios from IIASA include AQ legislation measures (not in SRES) • SRES didn’t include ships – new datasets • SRES biomass burning(?) – new satellite data ...
Incorporating Extremes into Climate Envelope
... little support for universal addition of extreme variables to CEMs. Several factors may have contributed to this: • Correlation - extreme temperature and precipitation variables created for this study were all highly correlated with at least one “mean” climate variable (r > 0.84), limiting the amoun ...
... little support for universal addition of extreme variables to CEMs. Several factors may have contributed to this: • Correlation - extreme temperature and precipitation variables created for this study were all highly correlated with at least one “mean” climate variable (r > 0.84), limiting the amoun ...
Adaptation to climate change in the countries of the Lower Mekong
... natural ecosystems and agriculture and food production, and exacerbate the problems of supplying increased food demand to growing populations. The impacts of such changes are likely to be particularly severe given the strong reliance of the LMB communities on natural resources for their livelihoods. ...
... natural ecosystems and agriculture and food production, and exacerbate the problems of supplying increased food demand to growing populations. The impacts of such changes are likely to be particularly severe given the strong reliance of the LMB communities on natural resources for their livelihoods. ...
APES climate change
... troposphere during this century would give us little time to deal with its harmful effects. As a prevention strategy scientists urge to cut global CO2 emissions in half over the next 50 years. ...
... troposphere during this century would give us little time to deal with its harmful effects. As a prevention strategy scientists urge to cut global CO2 emissions in half over the next 50 years. ...
SYNTRACE2010 - International Pacific Research Center
... by austral spring insolation and sea-ice feedback Orbitally driven net shortwave irradiance changes at surface 80S-50S Net downward SW flux anomaly due to Orbital forcing only ...
... by austral spring insolation and sea-ice feedback Orbitally driven net shortwave irradiance changes at surface 80S-50S Net downward SW flux anomaly due to Orbital forcing only ...
climate change as a major geological event
... through migration within and out of Africa. Homo sapiens emerged during the glacial period preceding the 124 thousand years-old Emian interglacial, when temperatures rose by about 1 degree C and sea levels by 6-8 meters relative to pre-industrial [5]. The development of agriculture and thereby human ...
... through migration within and out of Africa. Homo sapiens emerged during the glacial period preceding the 124 thousand years-old Emian interglacial, when temperatures rose by about 1 degree C and sea levels by 6-8 meters relative to pre-industrial [5]. The development of agriculture and thereby human ...
NotesWed
... 2. Geosciences Directorate , National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, United States. Over the 21st century, climate scientists expect Earth's temperature to continue increasing, very likely more than it did during the 20th century. Two anticipated results are rising global sea level and increasin ...
... 2. Geosciences Directorate , National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, United States. Over the 21st century, climate scientists expect Earth's temperature to continue increasing, very likely more than it did during the 20th century. Two anticipated results are rising global sea level and increasin ...
- Acclimatise
... The strategy adopted The people of the Alps have always known how to live with the rigours of their magnificently imposing natural environment. Now, climate change and its effects must be central to the Chamonix Valley’s development strategy. Through very concrete measures, the Climate Action Plan ai ...
... The strategy adopted The people of the Alps have always known how to live with the rigours of their magnificently imposing natural environment. Now, climate change and its effects must be central to the Chamonix Valley’s development strategy. Through very concrete measures, the Climate Action Plan ai ...
SCIENCE BASED TARGETS: THE CALL TO ACTION
... and other actors, total anthropogenic GHG emissions are continuing to increase. Under the current trajectory, global mean temperatures are projected to increase by 3.7 to 4.8ºC by the end of this century, far beyond the levels of warming that the international scientific community has identified as ...
... and other actors, total anthropogenic GHG emissions are continuing to increase. Under the current trajectory, global mean temperatures are projected to increase by 3.7 to 4.8ºC by the end of this century, far beyond the levels of warming that the international scientific community has identified as ...
Climate Science Background Briefing
... No – there is plenty of carbon in rocks, too, and that carbon is involved in the carbon cycle, though on a much longer timescale. In fact, rocks represent the world’s biggest accumulation of carbon. Most of the carbon is in carbonate minerals, such as limestone. Carbonate minerals do take part in th ...
... No – there is plenty of carbon in rocks, too, and that carbon is involved in the carbon cycle, though on a much longer timescale. In fact, rocks represent the world’s biggest accumulation of carbon. Most of the carbon is in carbonate minerals, such as limestone. Carbonate minerals do take part in th ...
13. climate change - Western Cape Government
... vulnerable urban areas, most likely informal settlements. These so-called climate-migrants would result in an even larger pressure on infrastructure and resources, such as the provision of sanitation services and access to clean water for domestic use. Another secondary impact would be the adverse e ...
... vulnerable urban areas, most likely informal settlements. These so-called climate-migrants would result in an even larger pressure on infrastructure and resources, such as the provision of sanitation services and access to clean water for domestic use. Another secondary impact would be the adverse e ...
presentation - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
... ~100 mb, brown for surface. Bottom Panel: temperature responses of four ocean layers. The curve with largest amplitude is for the top layer. The curve with smallest amplitude is for the bottom layer. Right Panel: similar to the left panel except for responses to SIM-derived out-of-phase SSI in the r ...
... ~100 mb, brown for surface. Bottom Panel: temperature responses of four ocean layers. The curve with largest amplitude is for the top layer. The curve with smallest amplitude is for the bottom layer. Right Panel: similar to the left panel except for responses to SIM-derived out-of-phase SSI in the r ...
Climate Change: How will it affect the natural environment in NSW?
... Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels for electricity, industry and transport are causing carbon pollution levels to rise, and our climate is changing as a result. NSW is faced with: ...
... Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels for electricity, industry and transport are causing carbon pollution levels to rise, and our climate is changing as a result. NSW is faced with: ...
The Principles and Criteria of Public Climate Finance
... development pathways. The Convention, the Kyoto Protocol and follow-up agreements and decisions by the Conference of the Parties (COP) have laid out some of the key principles relevant to the financial interaction between developing and developed countries. Other important principles, which can be i ...
... development pathways. The Convention, the Kyoto Protocol and follow-up agreements and decisions by the Conference of the Parties (COP) have laid out some of the key principles relevant to the financial interaction between developing and developed countries. Other important principles, which can be i ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.