Researching Climate Change
... How would an information specialist approach creating a resource on the web which would integrate on- and off-line materials, legal research, scientific data gathering and analysis (reports), and policy information? ...
... How would an information specialist approach creating a resource on the web which would integrate on- and off-line materials, legal research, scientific data gathering and analysis (reports), and policy information? ...
More than CO : a broader paradigm for managing climate change
... due to the burning of industrial fossil fuels and deforestation, from rising much above their present levels [1,2,3]. Despite the hopeful expectations of a concerned global population, the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) in Copenhagen made very modest progress towards reducing concentrations ...
... due to the burning of industrial fossil fuels and deforestation, from rising much above their present levels [1,2,3]. Despite the hopeful expectations of a concerned global population, the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) in Copenhagen made very modest progress towards reducing concentrations ...
Global Climate Change - Pearson Higher Education
... Whereas greenhouse gases exert a warming effect on the atmosphere, aerosols, microscopic droplets and particles, can have either a warming or a cooling effect. Soot particles, or “black carbon aerosols,” generally cause warming by absorbing solar energy, but most other tropospheric aerosols cool the ...
... Whereas greenhouse gases exert a warming effect on the atmosphere, aerosols, microscopic droplets and particles, can have either a warming or a cooling effect. Soot particles, or “black carbon aerosols,” generally cause warming by absorbing solar energy, but most other tropospheric aerosols cool the ...
CRP.9 - the United Nations
... plantations, and market based mechanisms such as carbon trading, the Clean Development Mechanism, and forest offsets. The human rights of Indigenous Peoples to protect our forests and forest livelihoods must be recognized, respected and ensured. 7. We call for adequate and direct funding in develope ...
... plantations, and market based mechanisms such as carbon trading, the Clean Development Mechanism, and forest offsets. The human rights of Indigenous Peoples to protect our forests and forest livelihoods must be recognized, respected and ensured. 7. We call for adequate and direct funding in develope ...
Why Support the IPCC?
... response strategies” (Resolution 43/53). Its main activity is to prepare comprehensive assessment reports about climate change at regular intervals. IPCC reports should be neutral with respect to policy, although they may need to deal objectively with scientific, technical and socio-economic factors ...
... response strategies” (Resolution 43/53). Its main activity is to prepare comprehensive assessment reports about climate change at regular intervals. IPCC reports should be neutral with respect to policy, although they may need to deal objectively with scientific, technical and socio-economic factors ...
Snowball Earth - UW Atmospheric Sciences
... on the types and distribution of vegetation. The more radiation the planet reflects, the cooler the temperature. With their high albedo, snow and ice cool the atmosphere and thus stabilize their own existence. Budyko knew that this phenomenon, called the ice-albedo feedback, helps modern polar ice s ...
... on the types and distribution of vegetation. The more radiation the planet reflects, the cooler the temperature. With their high albedo, snow and ice cool the atmosphere and thus stabilize their own existence. Budyko knew that this phenomenon, called the ice-albedo feedback, helps modern polar ice s ...
MOCA- Methane Emissions from the Arctic OCean to the
... Methane hydrates (MH) in ocean seabed sediments are a potential source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, where CH4 has potential to act as a powerful greenhouse gas. However, current scientific results show diversity in the flux of CH4 that actually reaches the atmosphere. MH are potentially susce ...
... Methane hydrates (MH) in ocean seabed sediments are a potential source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, where CH4 has potential to act as a powerful greenhouse gas. However, current scientific results show diversity in the flux of CH4 that actually reaches the atmosphere. MH are potentially susce ...
A Student`s Guide to Global Climate Change
... few decades will determine how much the planet’s temperature will rise. While we are not exactly sure how fast or how much the Earth’s average temperature will rise, we know that: If people keep adding greenhouse gases into the atmosphere at the current rate, the average temperature around the world ...
... few decades will determine how much the planet’s temperature will rise. While we are not exactly sure how fast or how much the Earth’s average temperature will rise, we know that: If people keep adding greenhouse gases into the atmosphere at the current rate, the average temperature around the world ...
Neelin, 2011. Climate Change and Climate Modeling, Cambridge
... •e.g., divide the atmosphere and ocean into discrete grid boxes •equation for balance of forces, energy inputs etc. for each box. •obtain the acceleration of the fluid in the box, its rate of change of temperature, etc. •from this compute the new velocity, temperature, etc. one time step later (e.g. ...
... •e.g., divide the atmosphere and ocean into discrete grid boxes •equation for balance of forces, energy inputs etc. for each box. •obtain the acceleration of the fluid in the box, its rate of change of temperature, etc. •from this compute the new velocity, temperature, etc. one time step later (e.g. ...
1 Global Climate Change as a Theme for Teaching Science Lambert
... greenhouse gases. One surprising finding was some students’ confusion over weather and climate even at the end of the course. Students might try to distinguish between weather and climate as a local versus a regional characteristic, and most did not associate climate with precipitation patterns, whi ...
... greenhouse gases. One surprising finding was some students’ confusion over weather and climate even at the end of the course. Students might try to distinguish between weather and climate as a local versus a regional characteristic, and most did not associate climate with precipitation patterns, whi ...
Adapting_to_Climate_Change_ - MDG-F
... Impacts of these challenges interact and cumulatively increase the vulnerability of local and regional areas and populations Territorial Approach to Climate Change - Phase 1 ...
... Impacts of these challenges interact and cumulatively increase the vulnerability of local and regional areas and populations Territorial Approach to Climate Change - Phase 1 ...
Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the
... trillion tonnes of carbon emitted, or normalized CWC, is approximately constant across the range of responses over which we can calibrate HadSCCCM1 against the C4MIP ensemble (the lines are nearly straight), although it does depend on which member of the C4MIP ensemble we emulate. The white crosses ...
... trillion tonnes of carbon emitted, or normalized CWC, is approximately constant across the range of responses over which we can calibrate HadSCCCM1 against the C4MIP ensemble (the lines are nearly straight), although it does depend on which member of the C4MIP ensemble we emulate. The white crosses ...
L I V E L I H O O D
... •Local institutions know communities and should have the main responsibility for identifying the poor and vulnerable and supporting them in building safe rural and urban settlements. These institutions should ensure that climate information reaches the poorest and most vulnerable through appropriat ...
... •Local institutions know communities and should have the main responsibility for identifying the poor and vulnerable and supporting them in building safe rural and urban settlements. These institutions should ensure that climate information reaches the poorest and most vulnerable through appropriat ...
S 2016
... In some of our sessions, two or more students working together will make a 2-5 minute presentation on one of the readings. This is a crucial contribution to the learning of the class, and we greatly value it. Volunteers will be asked for one meeting prior to the presentation. This is a chance to imp ...
... In some of our sessions, two or more students working together will make a 2-5 minute presentation on one of the readings. This is a crucial contribution to the learning of the class, and we greatly value it. Volunteers will be asked for one meeting prior to the presentation. This is a chance to imp ...
Comparisons of Observed Paleoclimate and Model
... •Proxy reconstructions and model simulations both suggest that late 20th century warmth is anomalous in the context of the past 1000-2000 years •Primary source of differences between various reconstructions appear to be related to issues of seasonality and spatial representativeness • Important diff ...
... •Proxy reconstructions and model simulations both suggest that late 20th century warmth is anomalous in the context of the past 1000-2000 years •Primary source of differences between various reconstructions appear to be related to issues of seasonality and spatial representativeness • Important diff ...
Correcting the carbon cycle representation: How
... is a pressing need to find out more about the relationship between anthropogenic emissions of the main greenhouse gas, CO2 , and the resulting atmospheric concentration”; in particular, since “errors in predicting the carbon budget could come at high economic costs”. However, from an economist’s poi ...
... is a pressing need to find out more about the relationship between anthropogenic emissions of the main greenhouse gas, CO2 , and the resulting atmospheric concentration”; in particular, since “errors in predicting the carbon budget could come at high economic costs”. However, from an economist’s poi ...
AerChemMIP (Aerosols and Chemistry MIP)
... change, leading to a variety of feedbacks that to date have only been quantified from a limited number of studies (and models) and thus demand for a coordinated set of simulations that allows for a consistent and clean comparison between models. Anthropogenic emissions of NTCFs have been responsible ...
... change, leading to a variety of feedbacks that to date have only been quantified from a limited number of studies (and models) and thus demand for a coordinated set of simulations that allows for a consistent and clean comparison between models. Anthropogenic emissions of NTCFs have been responsible ...
Jenouvrier, S., H. Caswell, C. Barbraud, M. Holland, J. Stroeve, and
... the ecological responses of future climate changes (1, 2), using the reported effects of recent climate change on ecological processes. Recently, Thomas et al. (3) predicted that future climate change may cause the extinction of between 15% and 37% of species by 2050, based on species-specific clima ...
... the ecological responses of future climate changes (1, 2), using the reported effects of recent climate change on ecological processes. Recently, Thomas et al. (3) predicted that future climate change may cause the extinction of between 15% and 37% of species by 2050, based on species-specific clima ...
View item 23. as DOC 164 KB
... many years. (Appendix 'A' shows the nature of this degradation, for example, bare peat and eroding moorland grips.) This habitat loss and degradation has resulted in reduced capacity to retain and capture carbon; increased wildfire risk due to drier conditions; reduced capacity to moderate flooding; ...
... many years. (Appendix 'A' shows the nature of this degradation, for example, bare peat and eroding moorland grips.) This habitat loss and degradation has resulted in reduced capacity to retain and capture carbon; increased wildfire risk due to drier conditions; reduced capacity to moderate flooding; ...
1 of 37 © Boardworks Ltd 2006
... used in connection with climate change, but what does it mean? Global warming refers to the increase in the Earth’s temperature due to the greenhouse effect, which can cause changes in climate. However, the term “global warming” is being used now to refer to the warming predicted to occur as a resul ...
... used in connection with climate change, but what does it mean? Global warming refers to the increase in the Earth’s temperature due to the greenhouse effect, which can cause changes in climate. However, the term “global warming” is being used now to refer to the warming predicted to occur as a resul ...
Probabilistic forecasts of temperature and precipitation change
... The results shown here are based on simulations by 19 global climate models. This so-called CMIP3 data set is described by Meehl et al. (2007). The probabilistic forecasts are constructed using simulations for SRES A1B scenario (Naki enovi and Swart 2000). A resampling technique described by Räisäne ...
... The results shown here are based on simulations by 19 global climate models. This so-called CMIP3 data set is described by Meehl et al. (2007). The probabilistic forecasts are constructed using simulations for SRES A1B scenario (Naki enovi and Swart 2000). A resampling technique described by Räisäne ...
11. Human Impact on the Environment
... used in connection with climate change, but what does it mean? Global warming refers to the increase in the Earth’s temperature due to the greenhouse effect, which can cause changes in climate. However, the term “global warming” is being used now to refer to the warming predicted to occur as a resul ...
... used in connection with climate change, but what does it mean? Global warming refers to the increase in the Earth’s temperature due to the greenhouse effect, which can cause changes in climate. However, the term “global warming” is being used now to refer to the warming predicted to occur as a resul ...
Russia`s Reluctance to Ratify Kyoto: an Economic
... greenhouse gas emission reduction measures. Actually, as has been shown by recent studies,3 the Kyoto Protocol achieves very little in terms of environmental effectiveness. In the light of long-term stabilisation goals for CO2 like the ones proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change4 ...
... greenhouse gas emission reduction measures. Actually, as has been shown by recent studies,3 the Kyoto Protocol achieves very little in terms of environmental effectiveness. In the light of long-term stabilisation goals for CO2 like the ones proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change4 ...
CaseStudy_GLAM_TJanes
... • Results can still be used to suggest implications for future assessments of crop yield under climate change • When comparing results with other crop models, there is some agreement in projection of crop yield reduction over India © Crown copyright Met Office ...
... • Results can still be used to suggest implications for future assessments of crop yield under climate change • When comparing results with other crop models, there is some agreement in projection of crop yield reduction over India © Crown copyright Met Office ...
Workshop-2-Impacts-FINAL
... • Mid-century long-term low GHG emission development strategies, and clear progress in achieving NDCs and implementing these longer-term strategies will facilitate adaptation planning, but this information is not yet available ...
... • Mid-century long-term low GHG emission development strategies, and clear progress in achieving NDCs and implementing these longer-term strategies will facilitate adaptation planning, but this information is not yet available ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.