Assessing the impacts of global warming on meteorological hazards
... future climate from the present climate in GCM runs. The performance and reliability of the ...
... future climate from the present climate in GCM runs. The performance and reliability of the ...
will continue to rise
... components (land, air, water and ice, and life) that make up the Earth’s climate system. Uncertainty does not imply that nothing is known about future developments, but rather that projections of future changes in climate and of the resulting impacts should be considered in terms of ranges or probab ...
... components (land, air, water and ice, and life) that make up the Earth’s climate system. Uncertainty does not imply that nothing is known about future developments, but rather that projections of future changes in climate and of the resulting impacts should be considered in terms of ranges or probab ...
1264010 - Advanced DGEF Database Information System
... over time is much greater than climate changes that are predicted. Over the last 40-50 years it should be noted that sea level trends within the Mediterranean basin differ significantly (increasing and decreasing) from those of the nearby Atlantic Ocean8, Its is unclear for how long the Mediterranea ...
... over time is much greater than climate changes that are predicted. Over the last 40-50 years it should be noted that sea level trends within the Mediterranean basin differ significantly (increasing and decreasing) from those of the nearby Atlantic Ocean8, Its is unclear for how long the Mediterranea ...
3.47 MB - Asian Development Bank
... more of the negative impacts of climate change. The increasing population may also lead to non-resilient development of social structure of a society (IPCC, 2012). Climate change requires adaptation to the future conditions. This need to adaptation has been recognized almost with one accord by the v ...
... more of the negative impacts of climate change. The increasing population may also lead to non-resilient development of social structure of a society (IPCC, 2012). Climate change requires adaptation to the future conditions. This need to adaptation has been recognized almost with one accord by the v ...
Beyond the Tipping Point: Understanding Perceptions of Abrupt
... The different ways in which the uncertain science and speculative impacts of abrupt climate changes are interpreted inevitably extends to the ways in which they and the risks they pose are communicated across societies. Such uncertainty is frequently deployed in climate change debates, as an argumen ...
... The different ways in which the uncertain science and speculative impacts of abrupt climate changes are interpreted inevitably extends to the ways in which they and the risks they pose are communicated across societies. Such uncertainty is frequently deployed in climate change debates, as an argumen ...
4 Climate change impacts in a context of full
... the US in response to a 2.5°C warming. Quantitative modeling frameworks are also ill suited to measure important social phenomena like conflicts, mass migrations, disruption of knowledge, learning and social capital potentially triggered by climate change (Anthoff and Tol, 2013; Stern, 2013). IAMs e ...
... the US in response to a 2.5°C warming. Quantitative modeling frameworks are also ill suited to measure important social phenomena like conflicts, mass migrations, disruption of knowledge, learning and social capital potentially triggered by climate change (Anthoff and Tol, 2013; Stern, 2013). IAMs e ...
Enhancing Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
... economic commitments from sovereign nations that possess disparate transitional capacities and incommensurable exposure to climate change risks.3 For perspective, Tian and Whalley present research suggesting that investment equal to 3–5% of GDP would be required in many developing countries in order ...
... economic commitments from sovereign nations that possess disparate transitional capacities and incommensurable exposure to climate change risks.3 For perspective, Tian and Whalley present research suggesting that investment equal to 3–5% of GDP would be required in many developing countries in order ...
PFCs
... and halons vary with gas lifetimes, chemical properties, and time of emission (see Table SPM1). The atmospheric lifetimes range from about a year to two decades for most HFCs and HCFCs, decades to centuries for some HFCs and most halons and CFCs, and 1,000 to 50,000 years for PFCs. Direct GWPs for h ...
... and halons vary with gas lifetimes, chemical properties, and time of emission (see Table SPM1). The atmospheric lifetimes range from about a year to two decades for most HFCs and HCFCs, decades to centuries for some HFCs and most halons and CFCs, and 1,000 to 50,000 years for PFCs. Direct GWPs for h ...
Climate Change: Kyoto Protocol and International Actions
... Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), was completed and opened for signature in 1992. This treaty includes commitments to establish national action plans for voluntary measures that could reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000 in order to begin mitigating possible global wa ...
... Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), was completed and opened for signature in 1992. This treaty includes commitments to establish national action plans for voluntary measures that could reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000 in order to begin mitigating possible global wa ...
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions
... of direct atmospheric measurements. This makes application to a different period risky, particularly if processes are changing as a result of environmental change. Similarly, the problem with using an ensemble of process models to estimate trends in natural sinks is the absence of bottomup informati ...
... of direct atmospheric measurements. This makes application to a different period risky, particularly if processes are changing as a result of environmental change. Similarly, the problem with using an ensemble of process models to estimate trends in natural sinks is the absence of bottomup informati ...
Phillip_Staddon___Winter_Mortality
... This has been attempted in air pollution over four decades, and much can be learned from those approaches. ...
... This has been attempted in air pollution over four decades, and much can be learned from those approaches. ...
A 400-year Tree-ring Chronology from the Tropical Treeline of North
... America, but also over much of the United States (15). As sea surface temperature changes, the consequences for summertime precipitation, and for the agricultural crops that depend on precipitation, may be better understood by obtaining long-term records of the eastern tropical Pacific climate syste ...
... America, but also over much of the United States (15). As sea surface temperature changes, the consequences for summertime precipitation, and for the agricultural crops that depend on precipitation, may be better understood by obtaining long-term records of the eastern tropical Pacific climate syste ...
Climate Changes, Impacts and Implications for New Zealand to
... independence and ability to forge one’s own path, while employing credible scientific techniques to ensure robust links between global and national scale developments are made where relevant. This will highlight issues such as land-use and water reform for their economic impact as well as on the pro ...
... independence and ability to forge one’s own path, while employing credible scientific techniques to ensure robust links between global and national scale developments are made where relevant. This will highlight issues such as land-use and water reform for their economic impact as well as on the pro ...
The Kyoto Protocol and International Actions
... Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), was completed and opened for signature in 1992. This treaty includes commitments to establish national action plans for voluntary measures that could reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000 in order to begin mitigating possible global wa ...
... Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), was completed and opened for signature in 1992. This treaty includes commitments to establish national action plans for voluntary measures that could reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000 in order to begin mitigating possible global wa ...
Consulta: creatorFacets:"Wu, Ximing" Registros recuperados: 11
... framework. To test the hypothesis that US natural gas market may switch between two states of market: bullish market and bearish market, a 2-state regime-switching model with Markov transition chain is carried out. GARCH effects are also built into the model to account for the conditional heterosked ...
... framework. To test the hypothesis that US natural gas market may switch between two states of market: bullish market and bearish market, a 2-state regime-switching model with Markov transition chain is carried out. GARCH effects are also built into the model to account for the conditional heterosked ...
Bilateral Cooperation between China and the United States
... and thereby provides incentives for the innovation and deployment of low-carbon technologies. ETSs and carbon taxes each have advantages and disadvantages.12 An ETS provides certainty about future emissions levels, but prices are determined by the market and may be difficult to predict. A carbon tax ...
... and thereby provides incentives for the innovation and deployment of low-carbon technologies. ETSs and carbon taxes each have advantages and disadvantages.12 An ETS provides certainty about future emissions levels, but prices are determined by the market and may be difficult to predict. A carbon tax ...
Cairo Roadmap
... environment/ecosystem and what new standards are required? How can ICT standards be used and adapted to more effectively disseminate information on both natural and man-made disasters (early warning) to communities (e.g. supporting GDACS under the UN framework? Identification if new ICT standard ...
... environment/ecosystem and what new standards are required? How can ICT standards be used and adapted to more effectively disseminate information on both natural and man-made disasters (early warning) to communities (e.g. supporting GDACS under the UN framework? Identification if new ICT standard ...
The contribution of low-carbon cities to Brazil`s greenhouse gas
... supports a shift to more sustainable transport modes, for both people and goods. Achieving such a shift will not be easy, as it requires changing people’s habits, but it could yield multiple benefits beyond GHG emission reductions, such as improved air quality, less road congestion, and more connect ...
... supports a shift to more sustainable transport modes, for both people and goods. Achieving such a shift will not be easy, as it requires changing people’s habits, but it could yield multiple benefits beyond GHG emission reductions, such as improved air quality, less road congestion, and more connect ...
LCC/2014/0096Preston New Road, Little Plumpton, Fylde Appendix
... The issue of potential methane emissions from the drilling phase has been raised by Friends of the Earth. The Environment Agency permit requires that during drilling of the exploratory boreholes, fugitive emissions of natural gas are to be prevented by increasing the hydrostatic pressure of fluids s ...
... The issue of potential methane emissions from the drilling phase has been raised by Friends of the Earth. The Environment Agency permit requires that during drilling of the exploratory boreholes, fugitive emissions of natural gas are to be prevented by increasing the hydrostatic pressure of fluids s ...
PDF
... economically efficient mitigation and adaptation strategies is one of the key challenges for today‘s policy makers. Looking for an efficient greenhouse gas emission profile from the perspective of a global decision maker requires careful consideration of the socio-economic environments that will bea ...
... economically efficient mitigation and adaptation strategies is one of the key challenges for today‘s policy makers. Looking for an efficient greenhouse gas emission profile from the perspective of a global decision maker requires careful consideration of the socio-economic environments that will bea ...
- ResearchOnline@JCU
... Review of the current literature on the topic included published peer reviewed papers and unpublished reports available via the internet. An Annotated Bibliography of 48 references is attached. As part of the literature review an Endnote Library of 213 references was produced. Arctic and Pacific nat ...
... Review of the current literature on the topic included published peer reviewed papers and unpublished reports available via the internet. An Annotated Bibliography of 48 references is attached. As part of the literature review an Endnote Library of 213 references was produced. Arctic and Pacific nat ...
Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change among Crop Mohammed, D
... Climate change impacts on agriculture include biological effect on crop yield, the resulting impact on prices, production, consumption and the impact on per capital calorie consumption and malnutrition. Climate change is increasing production risks in many farming systems and reducing the ability of ...
... Climate change impacts on agriculture include biological effect on crop yield, the resulting impact on prices, production, consumption and the impact on per capital calorie consumption and malnutrition. Climate change is increasing production risks in many farming systems and reducing the ability of ...
CO2 as a primary driver of Phanerozoic climate: COMMENT
... Royer et al. do not dispute the existence of the CRF/temperature correlation of Shaviv and Veizer (2003), only its role relative to that of CO2. The CRF effect should therefore be incorporated as a complementary factor into the existing climate models. Once this solar amplification is included, the ...
... Royer et al. do not dispute the existence of the CRF/temperature correlation of Shaviv and Veizer (2003), only its role relative to that of CO2. The CRF effect should therefore be incorporated as a complementary factor into the existing climate models. Once this solar amplification is included, the ...
CIDSE_encyclical_press_release
... Today CIDSE echoed the Pope’s urgent and timely call for politicians, communities and people of all generations to act on climate change and social injustice. CIDSE warmly welcomes the encyclical “Laudato si’” on Care for our Common Home, whose open tone and bottom-up approach paves the way for dial ...
... Today CIDSE echoed the Pope’s urgent and timely call for politicians, communities and people of all generations to act on climate change and social injustice. CIDSE warmly welcomes the encyclical “Laudato si’” on Care for our Common Home, whose open tone and bottom-up approach paves the way for dial ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.