Investment and growth in the time of climate change
... mitigation and adaptation. The findings following from this illustration show how the optimal balance between mitigation and adaptation depends on the magnitude of climate-change impacts and the relative weight society attaches to future costs and benefits relative to present ones. Moreover, the findin ...
... mitigation and adaptation. The findings following from this illustration show how the optimal balance between mitigation and adaptation depends on the magnitude of climate-change impacts and the relative weight society attaches to future costs and benefits relative to present ones. Moreover, the findin ...
S2013034_en.pdf
... emissions restrictions or commitments further to the voluntary agreements. However, they have financial incentives to develop projects that reduce GHG emissions to receive carbon credits, which they can later sell to Annex I countries to help these countries achieve their GHG emissions targets. At t ...
... emissions restrictions or commitments further to the voluntary agreements. However, they have financial incentives to develop projects that reduce GHG emissions to receive carbon credits, which they can later sell to Annex I countries to help these countries achieve their GHG emissions targets. At t ...
Review and recommendations for climate change vulnerability
... begin by defining and discussing climate change vulnerability assessment concepts and approaches and then examine major methods by which such assessments are conducted. Finally, we review and synthesize the information presented in vulnerability assessments conducted for the southwestern United Stat ...
... begin by defining and discussing climate change vulnerability assessment concepts and approaches and then examine major methods by which such assessments are conducted. Finally, we review and synthesize the information presented in vulnerability assessments conducted for the southwestern United Stat ...
China in the International Politics of Climate Change
... looks into the developments in China’s political response to the threat of climate change from the late 1980s when the problem emerged on the international political agenda, until 2004. Three theoretically based explanatory models are employed to identify the factors that have influenced Chinese for ...
... looks into the developments in China’s political response to the threat of climate change from the late 1980s when the problem emerged on the international political agenda, until 2004. Three theoretically based explanatory models are employed to identify the factors that have influenced Chinese for ...
full text (pdf)
... [2000] have noted the importance of short-lived non-CO2 greenhouse species in slowing global warming and suggested focusing on air pollutants, especially aerosols and tropospheric O3, to gain dual benefits from air pollution and climate change mitigation. Including O3 in a comprehensive climate trea ...
... [2000] have noted the importance of short-lived non-CO2 greenhouse species in slowing global warming and suggested focusing on air pollutants, especially aerosols and tropospheric O3, to gain dual benefits from air pollution and climate change mitigation. Including O3 in a comprehensive climate trea ...
It Depends Which Way the Wind Blows
... This work has been financially supported by the Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management Regional Board. The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of a number of important contributors. Thanks to the many Anangu elders and other community members for welcoming Douglas to their com ...
... This work has been financially supported by the Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Management Regional Board. The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of a number of important contributors. Thanks to the many Anangu elders and other community members for welcoming Douglas to their com ...
What to include in INDCs - Low Emission Capacity Building
... secondly on adaptation in their INDCs. • Countries follow very different approaches with regard to format and contents of the adaptation component of their INDCs. Format: addressed in single chapter (and sub-chapters); integrated into tabular format; included in annex; included in NatCom; separate d ...
... secondly on adaptation in their INDCs. • Countries follow very different approaches with regard to format and contents of the adaptation component of their INDCs. Format: addressed in single chapter (and sub-chapters); integrated into tabular format; included in annex; included in NatCom; separate d ...
![[full text]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008800000_1-2d2fab9755109ddf7a89586cd079b965-300x300.png)
[full text]
... emissions tends to decrease precipitation rates, through macrophysical and microphysical processes: (1) less incoming solar radiation penetrates the troposphere and reaches the surface, resulting in less evaporation (Ramanathan et al., 2001) and (2) smaller and more abundant aerosols lead to smaller ...
... emissions tends to decrease precipitation rates, through macrophysical and microphysical processes: (1) less incoming solar radiation penetrates the troposphere and reaches the surface, resulting in less evaporation (Ramanathan et al., 2001) and (2) smaller and more abundant aerosols lead to smaller ...
5.5.1 Introduction - Eionet Forum
... This report is an update and extension of the 2004 EEA report “Impacts of Europe’s changing climate”. Since 2004, much progress has been made in monitoring and assessing the impacts of climate change in Europe. The objectives of this report are to present this new information on past and projected c ...
... This report is an update and extension of the 2004 EEA report “Impacts of Europe’s changing climate”. Since 2004, much progress has been made in monitoring and assessing the impacts of climate change in Europe. The objectives of this report are to present this new information on past and projected c ...
climate change, migration and human security in southeast asia
... chains … have so far rarely been substantiated with reliable evidence”,9 the analysis is reasonably uniform: climate change-induced migration is highly probable, the numbers involved will be in the millions, and this will almost certainly result in, or at the very least be implicated in, some form o ...
... chains … have so far rarely been substantiated with reliable evidence”,9 the analysis is reasonably uniform: climate change-induced migration is highly probable, the numbers involved will be in the millions, and this will almost certainly result in, or at the very least be implicated in, some form o ...
Progress in Oceanography
... that surface salinity contrast between the Atlantic and Pacific may be important for the global conveyor belt or the thermohaline circulation (THC) (Seidov and Haupt, 2003). Increased rainfall to the northern high latitudes in combination with melting Arctic sea-ice and increased river runoff could pr ...
... that surface salinity contrast between the Atlantic and Pacific may be important for the global conveyor belt or the thermohaline circulation (THC) (Seidov and Haupt, 2003). Increased rainfall to the northern high latitudes in combination with melting Arctic sea-ice and increased river runoff could pr ...
Working Paper 214 - Waldinger (opens in new window)
... 5. Future generations and social justice 6. Growth and the economy 7. International environmental negotiations 8. Modelling and decision making 9. Private sector adaptation, risk and insurance More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found a ...
... 5. Future generations and social justice 6. Growth and the economy 7. International environmental negotiations 8. Modelling and decision making 9. Private sector adaptation, risk and insurance More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found a ...
- Wiley Online Library
... avoidance behaviour towards these conditions when presented with a choice, indicating negligible habituation and suggesting these conditions are unfavourable (Jutfelt & Hedg€arde, 2013). Furthermore, a growing body of evidence shows that levels of CO2 experienced in aquaculture may be more detriment ...
... avoidance behaviour towards these conditions when presented with a choice, indicating negligible habituation and suggesting these conditions are unfavourable (Jutfelt & Hedg€arde, 2013). Furthermore, a growing body of evidence shows that levels of CO2 experienced in aquaculture may be more detriment ...
G. NAPA Team - Global Environment Facility
... Various institutions (Annex 1) in the country are potential players/actors in the formulation and implementation of the country’s National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA). Although their participation in the preparation and promotion of the NAPA will be valuable, their specific levels of involv ...
... Various institutions (Annex 1) in the country are potential players/actors in the formulation and implementation of the country’s National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA). Although their participation in the preparation and promotion of the NAPA will be valuable, their specific levels of involv ...
COM SEC(2009)
... groups, to Climate Change impacts. Taking into account how national, regional and sectoral adaptation strategies already address some of these challenges, it evaluates the scope for EU action, focusing on mainstreaming adaptation into EU policies and on the necessary coordination of the different po ...
... groups, to Climate Change impacts. Taking into account how national, regional and sectoral adaptation strategies already address some of these challenges, it evaluates the scope for EU action, focusing on mainstreaming adaptation into EU policies and on the necessary coordination of the different po ...
Potential changes in forest composition could reduce impacts of
... behavior indices and ecological niche models as predictor variables so as to take into account the effects of changing climate and tree distribution on fire activity. A regional climate model (RCM) was used for predictions of future fire risk conditions. The experiment was conducted under two tree dis ...
... behavior indices and ecological niche models as predictor variables so as to take into account the effects of changing climate and tree distribution on fire activity. A regional climate model (RCM) was used for predictions of future fire risk conditions. The experiment was conducted under two tree dis ...
Chapter 3: Natural environment and natural assets
... forestry. Some evidence already exists for such positive outcomes but they are usually countered by other factors, both climatic and socio-economic. As also identified by other reports (for examplethe UK National Ecosystem Assessment and Foresight studies), realising opportunities and managing risks ...
... forestry. Some evidence already exists for such positive outcomes but they are usually countered by other factors, both climatic and socio-economic. As also identified by other reports (for examplethe UK National Ecosystem Assessment and Foresight studies), realising opportunities and managing risks ...
Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources
... The Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Environm ...
... The Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Environm ...
14. impacts on the tourism sector
... geographic areas of choice, activity schedules, tourism infrastructures and the functioning of these and the conditions of enjoyment and wellbeing of the tourist, as well as being one of the main elements of attraction in our country. The impacts of climate change will affect, in the first place, th ...
... geographic areas of choice, activity schedules, tourism infrastructures and the functioning of these and the conditions of enjoyment and wellbeing of the tourist, as well as being one of the main elements of attraction in our country. The impacts of climate change will affect, in the first place, th ...
Stop Trashing the Climate
... To say it would be “very beneficial” is probably an understatement. It turns out that we can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by an amount equivalent to shutting down one-fifth of the nation’s coal-fired power plants by making practical and achievable changes to America’s waste management system. Ind ...
... To say it would be “very beneficial” is probably an understatement. It turns out that we can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by an amount equivalent to shutting down one-fifth of the nation’s coal-fired power plants by making practical and achievable changes to America’s waste management system. Ind ...
Global warming in the American mind
... policies, and strong opposition to higher energy or gasoline prices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Relatively few Americans have undertaken individual mitigation behaviors. While global warming does have negative connotations for most Americans, the thoughts and images evoked by this term prima ...
... policies, and strong opposition to higher energy or gasoline prices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Relatively few Americans have undertaken individual mitigation behaviors. While global warming does have negative connotations for most Americans, the thoughts and images evoked by this term prima ...
time invariance and implications for bias correction
... and it is the aggregate statistics of all years in the sample that are assessed. For each of these sets, ...
... and it is the aggregate statistics of all years in the sample that are assessed. For each of these sets, ...
Relevant Science What do we know about the potential impacts of
... 280 parts per million (ppm). Currently, the concentration is 385 ppm, or 38% higher than preindustrial, which has caused a 0.7°C increase in global mean temperature. At this current, level of temperature increase, impacts are measurable significant and comprehensive (See summary from Intergovernment ...
... 280 parts per million (ppm). Currently, the concentration is 385 ppm, or 38% higher than preindustrial, which has caused a 0.7°C increase in global mean temperature. At this current, level of temperature increase, impacts are measurable significant and comprehensive (See summary from Intergovernment ...
R Cook Master Thesis 2010
... change regime is designed to respond to mitigation and adaptation requirements. It was created by two international treaties; the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)6 and 1997 Kyoto Protocol,7 alongside the expansive development of institutional bodies.8 The scientifi ...
... change regime is designed to respond to mitigation and adaptation requirements. It was created by two international treaties; the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)6 and 1997 Kyoto Protocol,7 alongside the expansive development of institutional bodies.8 The scientifi ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.