Perceptions of Obvious and Disruptive Climate Change: Community
... rest of the planet [1]. As a result, dramatic and sustained ecosystem change in the Pacific Arctic is being called the “new normal” [2] to contend with for decision makers and residents of this region. We cannot assume, however, all elements of climate change in this rapidly changing region are obvi ...
... rest of the planet [1]. As a result, dramatic and sustained ecosystem change in the Pacific Arctic is being called the “new normal” [2] to contend with for decision makers and residents of this region. We cannot assume, however, all elements of climate change in this rapidly changing region are obvi ...
Community and ecosystem responses to recent climate change
... behaviour, there is also ample evidence for distributional changes of plants and animals owing to recent climate change, but species do not respond synchronously in space. This will result in shifting dominances of species within communities, but also to the formation of non-analogue communities, wh ...
... behaviour, there is also ample evidence for distributional changes of plants and animals owing to recent climate change, but species do not respond synchronously in space. This will result in shifting dominances of species within communities, but also to the formation of non-analogue communities, wh ...
Transport - British Social Attitudes
... Alun Humphrey and Andrew Scott Alun Humphrey is a Senior Research Director, Andrew Scott is a Researcher, both at NatCen Social Research ...
... Alun Humphrey and Andrew Scott Alun Humphrey is a Senior Research Director, Andrew Scott is a Researcher, both at NatCen Social Research ...
Extreme Weather and Climate Change
... Extreme events such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and ice storms often require the presence of a number of special circumstances before they can take place. Many extreme events also come about as a result of a combination of factors, such as the merging of two weather systems or the occurrence of a seve ...
... Extreme events such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and ice storms often require the presence of a number of special circumstances before they can take place. Many extreme events also come about as a result of a combination of factors, such as the merging of two weather systems or the occurrence of a seve ...
GlobalCarbonBudget
... Cumulative CO2 emissions should remain below about 3200 Gt for a 66% chance of staying below 2°C At present emissions rates the remaining budget would be used up in about 30 years ...
... Cumulative CO2 emissions should remain below about 3200 Gt for a 66% chance of staying below 2°C At present emissions rates the remaining budget would be used up in about 30 years ...
Climate policy implications of the hiatus in global warming
... The fact that CO2 emissions lead to changes in the atmospheric carbon concentration is not controversial. Nor is the fact that CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) absorb infrared energy in the atmosphere and contribute to the overall greenhouse effect. Increases in CO2 levels are therefore expecte ...
... The fact that CO2 emissions lead to changes in the atmospheric carbon concentration is not controversial. Nor is the fact that CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) absorb infrared energy in the atmosphere and contribute to the overall greenhouse effect. Increases in CO2 levels are therefore expecte ...
A Framework for Assessing the Vulnerability of Communities in the
... commit the earth to ongoing increases in mean global temperature (McBean et al., 2001; Hansen et al., 2002). Even the most aggressive emission control measures will allow for a further rise in greenhouse gas concentrations and further changes in climate (Metz et al., 2001). Adverse impacts will inev ...
... commit the earth to ongoing increases in mean global temperature (McBean et al., 2001; Hansen et al., 2002). Even the most aggressive emission control measures will allow for a further rise in greenhouse gas concentrations and further changes in climate (Metz et al., 2001). Adverse impacts will inev ...
Use of spatial analogy in analysis and valuation of climate scenarios
... The couse behind this similarity is the arable land usage, because the ratio of this land use type is higher in YU003 and RO03 and in BG and GR are lower than in Hungary. The ratio of forests are different because geographic conditions, it seen from the ratio of flat plains in the regions. About the ...
... The couse behind this similarity is the arable land usage, because the ratio of this land use type is higher in YU003 and RO03 and in BG and GR are lower than in Hungary. The ratio of forests are different because geographic conditions, it seen from the ratio of flat plains in the regions. About the ...
Document
... times Geomagnetic activity & WORLD temperatures are OPOSITELY correlated. So although there are some early forecasts of generally low activity in Solar cycle 24 (eg SSN about 85) these will NOT have a significant reducing effect on world temperatures. The important thing will be more detail especial ...
... times Geomagnetic activity & WORLD temperatures are OPOSITELY correlated. So although there are some early forecasts of generally low activity in Solar cycle 24 (eg SSN about 85) these will NOT have a significant reducing effect on world temperatures. The important thing will be more detail especial ...
Study guide - Bullfrog Films
... environmental stress. Acutely sensitive to temperature fluctuations in the marine environment, resident algae become poisonous to their host coral during times of unusually high (or low) water temperatures and are expelled, leading to the process of coral bleaching. The film discusses the link betw ...
... environmental stress. Acutely sensitive to temperature fluctuations in the marine environment, resident algae become poisonous to their host coral during times of unusually high (or low) water temperatures and are expelled, leading to the process of coral bleaching. The film discusses the link betw ...
19. Global change
... commitments from nations for specific steps to mitigate potential warming. A contentious agreement, the Kyoto Protocol, is currently under debate and likely to be substantially overhauled before it is ratified by key governments. A lot of uncertainty exists in the minds of citizens of most nations o ...
... commitments from nations for specific steps to mitigate potential warming. A contentious agreement, the Kyoto Protocol, is currently under debate and likely to be substantially overhauled before it is ratified by key governments. A lot of uncertainty exists in the minds of citizens of most nations o ...
Establishment of an ecosystem transect to address climate change
... could disrupt the process. A practical constraint may be that differences in cultural norms, drivers and reward systems limits the effectiveness of research-policy partnerships (Kinzig et al. 2003; Kueffer et al. 2012). Impediments to effective partnerships include the two sectors operating within d ...
... could disrupt the process. A practical constraint may be that differences in cultural norms, drivers and reward systems limits the effectiveness of research-policy partnerships (Kinzig et al. 2003; Kueffer et al. 2012). Impediments to effective partnerships include the two sectors operating within d ...
7. Agriculture
... Agriculture is a complex sector involving different driving parameters (environmental, economic and social). It is now well recognized that crop production is very sensitive to climate change (McCarthy et al., 2001), with different effects according to region. The IPCC analysis of climate change imp ...
... Agriculture is a complex sector involving different driving parameters (environmental, economic and social). It is now well recognized that crop production is very sensitive to climate change (McCarthy et al., 2001), with different effects according to region. The IPCC analysis of climate change imp ...
The Story of Carbon Meet Philip Duffy Also in this Issue
... land-climate nexus, for which the Woods Hole Research Center is known, is all about carbon. Carbon is the common denominator for nearly all of the research and education at WHRC, and most policies for dealing with climatic disruption focus on carbon. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is, by far, the ...
... land-climate nexus, for which the Woods Hole Research Center is known, is all about carbon. Carbon is the common denominator for nearly all of the research and education at WHRC, and most policies for dealing with climatic disruption focus on carbon. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is, by far, the ...
Growing disruption: Climate change, food, and the fight against hunger
... our global food supply system. No nation, rich or poor, will escape its impact. And, as is increasingly clear, this impact is already being felt… Rising temperatures and changes to rainfall patterns are reducing harvests and increasing food and nutrition insecurity. As always, this is felt most by t ...
... our global food supply system. No nation, rich or poor, will escape its impact. And, as is increasingly clear, this impact is already being felt… Rising temperatures and changes to rainfall patterns are reducing harvests and increasing food and nutrition insecurity. As always, this is felt most by t ...
Sensitivity of Twentieth-Century Sahel Rainfall to
... predictions of future anthropogenic change in this region (see Cook 2008). One possible explanation for the lack of scientific consensus may be due to the limited ensemble sizes of available models to attribute the natural versus forced contributions. Another may be that many of the currently availa ...
... predictions of future anthropogenic change in this region (see Cook 2008). One possible explanation for the lack of scientific consensus may be due to the limited ensemble sizes of available models to attribute the natural versus forced contributions. Another may be that many of the currently availa ...
Discussion Paper - LEDS Global Partnership
... hinder action because it is uncertain what adaptation strategies would be most beneficial. Furthermore, these projections are often on long-term time scales, whereas decision-making is often based on short-term information. These levels of uncertainty can often lead to disagreement among stakeholder ...
... hinder action because it is uncertain what adaptation strategies would be most beneficial. Furthermore, these projections are often on long-term time scales, whereas decision-making is often based on short-term information. These levels of uncertainty can often lead to disagreement among stakeholder ...
Probabilistic projections of climate change over China - HAL-Insu
... end of the twenty-first century under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B (SRES A1B) emission scenario. Data from 28 coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) are used. The methodology consists of ranking the 28 models, based on their ability to simulate climate over Chi ...
... end of the twenty-first century under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B (SRES A1B) emission scenario. Data from 28 coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) are used. The methodology consists of ranking the 28 models, based on their ability to simulate climate over Chi ...
spline models of contemporary, 2030, 2060 and 2090 climates for
... numerous available GCMs. Descriptions of the models can be found at http://www.ipcc-data.org/, and an overview of the variability among models is well illustrated by Christensen et al. (2007). Emission scenario A2 assumes high continuous emissions from a human population that keeps growing along the ...
... numerous available GCMs. Descriptions of the models can be found at http://www.ipcc-data.org/, and an overview of the variability among models is well illustrated by Christensen et al. (2007). Emission scenario A2 assumes high continuous emissions from a human population that keeps growing along the ...
full publication
... varied, ranging from macro-scale cultural or historical analyses to micro-level dissection of how everyday conversations work. Linguistic Landscapes selects tools and concepts from across this range as appropriate for the given project, and puts them to work to answer key questions for businesses an ...
... varied, ranging from macro-scale cultural or historical analyses to micro-level dissection of how everyday conversations work. Linguistic Landscapes selects tools and concepts from across this range as appropriate for the given project, and puts them to work to answer key questions for businesses an ...
THE ACHILLES` HEELS OF THE EARTH SYSTEM
... coming century and beyond are usually conceptualized in terms of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)–type scenarios in which important climate parameters are projected into the future.1 In most of these scenarios, the projections are for an optimistically smooth increase in global mean ...
... coming century and beyond are usually conceptualized in terms of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)–type scenarios in which important climate parameters are projected into the future.1 In most of these scenarios, the projections are for an optimistically smooth increase in global mean ...
states and cities as actors in global climate regulation: unitary vs
... analysis of the positive political economy of independent SNA regulation, Part II.A concludes that while some of the incentives for current U.S. SNA regulatory measures may dissipate with the adoption of federal regulation, other incentives favor a significant continuing independent SNA role. Part I ...
... analysis of the positive political economy of independent SNA regulation, Part II.A concludes that while some of the incentives for current U.S. SNA regulatory measures may dissipate with the adoption of federal regulation, other incentives favor a significant continuing independent SNA role. Part I ...
published
... demonstrates the importance of social factors over hazard-specific factors as determinants of behavioral outcomes (Tierney, Lindell, & Perry, 2011). However, little is known about the relationships among climate change beliefs, environmental beliefs, and hazard mitigation actions: must individuals ‘b ...
... demonstrates the importance of social factors over hazard-specific factors as determinants of behavioral outcomes (Tierney, Lindell, & Perry, 2011). However, little is known about the relationships among climate change beliefs, environmental beliefs, and hazard mitigation actions: must individuals ‘b ...
Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world
... rows). This is particularly true for observational studies which are in less agreement than model ...
... rows). This is particularly true for observational studies which are in less agreement than model ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.