Observed coherent changes in climatic
... al. 1992). This data set was compiled from an exhaustive investigation of station history documentation to remove stations with bad exposure, instrumentation or observer accuracy. A series of statistical tests was utilised to further check the station integrity. Specific tests were also performed to ...
... al. 1992). This data set was compiled from an exhaustive investigation of station history documentation to remove stations with bad exposure, instrumentation or observer accuracy. A series of statistical tests was utilised to further check the station integrity. Specific tests were also performed to ...
Developing site scale projections of climate change in the Scottish
... landscape change in these sensitive upland environments results from a complex interplay between natural and anthropogenic factors. There is particular concern that marginal maritime mountains may be especially vulnerable to the impact of climate changes (Ellis & Good 2005, Orr et al. 2008). Scotlan ...
... landscape change in these sensitive upland environments results from a complex interplay between natural and anthropogenic factors. There is particular concern that marginal maritime mountains may be especially vulnerable to the impact of climate changes (Ellis & Good 2005, Orr et al. 2008). Scotlan ...
Accounting for Extreme Events in the Economic Assessment of
... economy (Nordhaus (1994), Tol (1997), Peck and Teisberg (1992), Ambrosi et al. (2003) or Hallegatte (2004)). In these models, however, climate change impacts on the economy are represented only through continuous and regular changes in the mean productivity, linked to the increase in temperature. As ...
... economy (Nordhaus (1994), Tol (1997), Peck and Teisberg (1992), Ambrosi et al. (2003) or Hallegatte (2004)). In these models, however, climate change impacts on the economy are represented only through continuous and regular changes in the mean productivity, linked to the increase in temperature. As ...
Interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on trophic
... other areas in which consensus may have already been reached [11]. Meta-analysis, as used in ecological research, is a statistical technique that combines data from independent studies to elucidate overall, net effect magnitudes of biotic or abiotic variables on a response of interest [12,13]. Meta- ...
... other areas in which consensus may have already been reached [11]. Meta-analysis, as used in ecological research, is a statistical technique that combines data from independent studies to elucidate overall, net effect magnitudes of biotic or abiotic variables on a response of interest [12,13]. Meta- ...
From obscurity to action - Liu Institute for Global Issues
... ways, that no region of the world is untouched, and that human activity is the principal contributor to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere. Scientific uncertainty cannot be cited as a legitimate reason for ignoring the security i ...
... ways, that no region of the world is untouched, and that human activity is the principal contributor to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere. Scientific uncertainty cannot be cited as a legitimate reason for ignoring the security i ...
sectiong lobal carbon credit markets – issues and opportunities
... markets and trading mechanisms. Overlaying these markets are a similarly complex set of international, regional, national and local laws and regulations addressing various aspects of the global climate change problem. While the sheer size of the potential market suggests that there are significant f ...
... markets and trading mechanisms. Overlaying these markets are a similarly complex set of international, regional, national and local laws and regulations addressing various aspects of the global climate change problem. While the sheer size of the potential market suggests that there are significant f ...
Climate Change and Hazard Mitigation Planning
... preparation may be inadequate and people may rely on those inadequate preparations to protect their homes and families. In other words, there will be, at best, missed opportunities for hazard management and, at worst, increased vulnerability if SHMPs ignore or inaccurately integrate climate change r ...
... preparation may be inadequate and people may rely on those inadequate preparations to protect their homes and families. In other words, there will be, at best, missed opportunities for hazard management and, at worst, increased vulnerability if SHMPs ignore or inaccurately integrate climate change r ...
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Framework for
... sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, etc. In the context of climate change, the principle focus is on ‘hard’ infrastructure, such as roads, sewers, fire roads, stormwater drains, natural reserves, etc. However, consideration also needs to be given to ‘soft’ forms of infrastructure where app ...
... sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, etc. In the context of climate change, the principle focus is on ‘hard’ infrastructure, such as roads, sewers, fire roads, stormwater drains, natural reserves, etc. However, consideration also needs to be given to ‘soft’ forms of infrastructure where app ...
Natural Disaster, Risk and Catastrophic Scenarios: a Review.
... the opportunity to engage policy increasing the well-being of future generations (Stern, 2006), (Weitzman, 2009); the social equity, meaning the opportunity to suffer the cost of policy only for the rich countries or also to the poorer ones (Dasgupta, 2007). Thus, every paper or report investigatin ...
... the opportunity to engage policy increasing the well-being of future generations (Stern, 2006), (Weitzman, 2009); the social equity, meaning the opportunity to suffer the cost of policy only for the rich countries or also to the poorer ones (Dasgupta, 2007). Thus, every paper or report investigatin ...
Global Warming
... Change is happening already. Scientists agree that the most likely cause of the changes are man-made emissions of the so-called "Greenhouse Gases" that can trap heat in the earth's atmosphere in the same way that glass traps heat in a greenhouse. Although there are six major groups of gases that ...
... Change is happening already. Scientists agree that the most likely cause of the changes are man-made emissions of the so-called "Greenhouse Gases" that can trap heat in the earth's atmosphere in the same way that glass traps heat in a greenhouse. Although there are six major groups of gases that ...
Long-Term Ecological Records and Their Relevance to Climate
... Although determination of the genotypic variation enabling adaptation is, as yet, difficult from fossil records, these longer-term records can provide an important framework to assess phenotypic responses at the population, community, and even biome scale. The aim of this review, therefore, is to exa ...
... Although determination of the genotypic variation enabling adaptation is, as yet, difficult from fossil records, these longer-term records can provide an important framework to assess phenotypic responses at the population, community, and even biome scale. The aim of this review, therefore, is to exa ...
PDF
... This study explores the climate change adaptation strategies for agro crop production and assesses the financial suitability through indigenous knowledge in flood prone areas of Bangladesh. However, for this purpose two types of experiments have conducted with selected eight agro crop species. First ...
... This study explores the climate change adaptation strategies for agro crop production and assesses the financial suitability through indigenous knowledge in flood prone areas of Bangladesh. However, for this purpose two types of experiments have conducted with selected eight agro crop species. First ...
Rapporteurs Report (RapporteurReport2012)
... impacts against the predicted climate variations from the national and international climate models for various aspects in Malaysia, such as the agriculture, human health, economy, energy and human settlement. Such study requires the establishment of the assessment tools in order to identify the rig ...
... impacts against the predicted climate variations from the national and international climate models for various aspects in Malaysia, such as the agriculture, human health, economy, energy and human settlement. Such study requires the establishment of the assessment tools in order to identify the rig ...
Mapping institutional fragmentation in the climate governance
... A defining feature of global governance architectures is the proliferation of number and type of actors active in different issue areas. While states remain the locus of attention for most scholars, an emerging trend is to look at non-state actors such as NGOs, companies, cities, and international o ...
... A defining feature of global governance architectures is the proliferation of number and type of actors active in different issue areas. While states remain the locus of attention for most scholars, an emerging trend is to look at non-state actors such as NGOs, companies, cities, and international o ...
Systems Engineering Office for CEOS Constellations
... global levels. Health: Understanding environmental factors affecting human health and well-being Health issues with Earth-observation needs include: airborne, marine, and water pollution; stratospheric ozone depletion; persistent organic pollutants; nutrition; and monitoring weatherrelated disease v ...
... global levels. Health: Understanding environmental factors affecting human health and well-being Health issues with Earth-observation needs include: airborne, marine, and water pollution; stratospheric ozone depletion; persistent organic pollutants; nutrition; and monitoring weatherrelated disease v ...
Financial Services and Climate-Resilient Value Chains: The case of
... when some of the affected crop can be recovered, harvesting the rice is more difficult—demanding more time and labour—which also has cost implications. All of these scenarios have consequences for farmer incomes and consequently for their livelihood security, particularly if they have taken a loan w ...
... when some of the affected crop can be recovered, harvesting the rice is more difficult—demanding more time and labour—which also has cost implications. All of these scenarios have consequences for farmer incomes and consequently for their livelihood security, particularly if they have taken a loan w ...
Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Urban Forests in the
... require innovative solutions to overcome uncertainties associated with climate change. An important step in developing plans for urban forest management and restoration in light of climate change is to identify the impacts of projected climate change on habitat suitability and distribution of common ...
... require innovative solutions to overcome uncertainties associated with climate change. An important step in developing plans for urban forest management and restoration in light of climate change is to identify the impacts of projected climate change on habitat suitability and distribution of common ...
Fear Won`t Do It - Center for Science and Technology Policy Research
... movie The Day After Tomorrow (Emmerich, 2004), with survey themes followed up a month later with focus groups. They found that although the majority of participants (67%) in the post-test agreed that “everybody has to do something” about climate change, this sense of urgency had substantially dimini ...
... movie The Day After Tomorrow (Emmerich, 2004), with survey themes followed up a month later with focus groups. They found that although the majority of participants (67%) in the post-test agreed that “everybody has to do something” about climate change, this sense of urgency had substantially dimini ...
Managing for climate change on federal lands of the western United
... change science for federal resource managers, focusing on the efficacy of potential adaptation strategies and barriers limiting the use of climate change science in adaptation efforts. Our study was conducted in the northern Rocky Mountains region of the western United States, where we interacted wi ...
... change science for federal resource managers, focusing on the efficacy of potential adaptation strategies and barriers limiting the use of climate change science in adaptation efforts. Our study was conducted in the northern Rocky Mountains region of the western United States, where we interacted wi ...
Vulnerability to climate change and adaptation strategies of local
... The absence of conflict may also help to explain that an increasing number of natural hazards have not resulted in humanitarian disasters. A study conducted by ActionAid finds that the country has already seen an increase in the number of extreme weather events in terms of floods and droughts betwee ...
... The absence of conflict may also help to explain that an increasing number of natural hazards have not resulted in humanitarian disasters. A study conducted by ActionAid finds that the country has already seen an increase in the number of extreme weather events in terms of floods and droughts betwee ...
LONG-TERM CLIMATE POLICY TARGETSAND IMPLICATIONS
... greenhouse gas emissions are extremely likely to be the main cause of the temperature increase observed since the mid-20th century and that further warming is expected. The same report also indicates that CO2 forms the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, while other, non-CO2 greenhouse gase ...
... greenhouse gas emissions are extremely likely to be the main cause of the temperature increase observed since the mid-20th century and that further warming is expected. The same report also indicates that CO2 forms the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, while other, non-CO2 greenhouse gase ...
Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of
... likely to be ameliorated by increasing temperatures. At the equatorial and lower altitudinal limit of its range, a species may be replaced through competitive exclusion (Woodward 1987), most likely influenced by both water availability (Pigott & Pigott 1993) and higher temperatures (Conolly & Dahl 1 ...
... likely to be ameliorated by increasing temperatures. At the equatorial and lower altitudinal limit of its range, a species may be replaced through competitive exclusion (Woodward 1987), most likely influenced by both water availability (Pigott & Pigott 1993) and higher temperatures (Conolly & Dahl 1 ...
Perceptions of Obvious and Disruptive Climate Change: Community
... rest of the planet [1]. As a result, dramatic and sustained ecosystem change in the Pacific Arctic is being called the “new normal” [2] to contend with for decision makers and residents of this region. We cannot assume, however, all elements of climate change in this rapidly changing region are obvi ...
... rest of the planet [1]. As a result, dramatic and sustained ecosystem change in the Pacific Arctic is being called the “new normal” [2] to contend with for decision makers and residents of this region. We cannot assume, however, all elements of climate change in this rapidly changing region are obvi ...
Paying for carbon emissions reduction
... an attempt to encourage higher uptake. However, the uptake of their program is not publicly ...
... an attempt to encourage higher uptake. However, the uptake of their program is not publicly ...
Climate Change Impacts and Responses in Bangladesh
... national level, and policy response options have been mobilised that deal with vulnerability reduction to environmental variability in general, and more recently, to climate change in particular. In addition, Bangladesh has for some time been recognised as a particularly vulnerable country by the in ...
... national level, and policy response options have been mobilised that deal with vulnerability reduction to environmental variability in general, and more recently, to climate change in particular. In addition, Bangladesh has for some time been recognised as a particularly vulnerable country by the in ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.