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... the likely changes in climate caused by increased concentration of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. Here, we will be brief, as current knowledge is well-summarized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Parry et al. 2007). We then move on to the question of how such chang ...
... the likely changes in climate caused by increased concentration of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. Here, we will be brief, as current knowledge is well-summarized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Parry et al. 2007). We then move on to the question of how such chang ...
Bringing the Copenhagen Global Climate Change Negotiations to Conclusion J
... and Copenhagen and beyond (much as has occurred in GATT/WTO since 1997) are underway. If past trade negotiations are any precedent, there will likely be a progressive broadening of coverage of negotiations sequentially from round to round. How to broaden beyond Copenhagen will thus be a further cent ...
... and Copenhagen and beyond (much as has occurred in GATT/WTO since 1997) are underway. If past trade negotiations are any precedent, there will likely be a progressive broadening of coverage of negotiations sequentially from round to round. How to broaden beyond Copenhagen will thus be a further cent ...
Climate impacts on flood and coastal erosion infrastructure
... storms, as well as the reliability of repeated on-demand operations of piping. The winter floods have also highlighted that some of the most important uncertainties lie in our understanding of the existing climate (especially in the area of storm sequencing) even before forward projections of climat ...
... storms, as well as the reliability of repeated on-demand operations of piping. The winter floods have also highlighted that some of the most important uncertainties lie in our understanding of the existing climate (especially in the area of storm sequencing) even before forward projections of climat ...
a reprint - Integrative Biology
... Microtus californicus, the California vole, is a particularly suitable model for examining intraspecific climate change effects because it is abundant throughout California and common in the Quaternary fossil record. These voles occupy many climate regions throughout California today, resulting in a ...
... Microtus californicus, the California vole, is a particularly suitable model for examining intraspecific climate change effects because it is abundant throughout California and common in the Quaternary fossil record. These voles occupy many climate regions throughout California today, resulting in a ...
Increasing Atmospheric Poleward Energy Transport with Global
... are not needed to understand the differences among models, and there is no compelling evidence for a change in atmospheric diffusivity with warming. It is important to note, however, that many of the climate components which we prescribe in the EBM are likely influenced by changes in circulation. Fo ...
... are not needed to understand the differences among models, and there is no compelling evidence for a change in atmospheric diffusivity with warming. It is important to note, however, that many of the climate components which we prescribe in the EBM are likely influenced by changes in circulation. Fo ...
njpn-environment-group-notes-dates-and-resources-september-2016
... Interest is definitely building on the Season of Creation, partly due to the excellent work of the Global Catholic Climate Coalition. The global picture is available at: http://seasonofcreation.com/. Ellen had an article in The Tablet about parish action. A number of J&P people prepared Creation Day ...
... Interest is definitely building on the Season of Creation, partly due to the excellent work of the Global Catholic Climate Coalition. The global picture is available at: http://seasonofcreation.com/. Ellen had an article in The Tablet about parish action. A number of J&P people prepared Creation Day ...
Regional Power Shifts and Climate Knowledge Systems: South
... concepts available that still gives enough room to include issue‐specific dynamics. Moreover, it provides starting points for an extension beyond the analytic arena of international rela‐ tions, which is essential for the analysis of climate governance. Generally, regional powers are ...
... concepts available that still gives enough room to include issue‐specific dynamics. Moreover, it provides starting points for an extension beyond the analytic arena of international rela‐ tions, which is essential for the analysis of climate governance. Generally, regional powers are ...
Common Knowledge? Public Understanding of Climate Change in
... youngest group. For example, the ideas that the greenhouse effect will cause changes in weather patterns and global warming were already well known to pupils aged 11/12 years.”5 Environmental understanding among this age group can be considered significant for research, not, as is often argued, beca ...
... youngest group. For example, the ideas that the greenhouse effect will cause changes in weather patterns and global warming were already well known to pupils aged 11/12 years.”5 Environmental understanding among this age group can be considered significant for research, not, as is often argued, beca ...
Sierra Leone INDC
... This document presents Sierra Leone’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) in response to decisions adopted at the 19th and 20th sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), that invite Parties to communicate to the Se ...
... This document presents Sierra Leone’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) in response to decisions adopted at the 19th and 20th sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), that invite Parties to communicate to the Se ...
Close Examination of the Principle of Global Per
... atmosphere is implicitly based on two fundamental assumptions: first, that the atmosphere is owned by people, and second, that it should be owned equally. We could, however, launch our discussion from a different assumption: that the atmosphere belongs to no-one. In that case, the most likely deriva ...
... atmosphere is implicitly based on two fundamental assumptions: first, that the atmosphere is owned by people, and second, that it should be owned equally. We could, however, launch our discussion from a different assumption: that the atmosphere belongs to no-one. In that case, the most likely deriva ...
Climate Change and Plant Community Composition in National
... consequences of climate change will make it difficult for park managers to preserve ecosystems unimpaired for future generations. Plant cover and community composition are also vital signs that are monitored across all I&M networks. The abundance, distribution, and interaction of many plant species ...
... consequences of climate change will make it difficult for park managers to preserve ecosystems unimpaired for future generations. Plant cover and community composition are also vital signs that are monitored across all I&M networks. The abundance, distribution, and interaction of many plant species ...
Science or Spin? Assessing the Accuracy of Cable News Coverage
... change, although they make misleading statements far less often than do opponents of climate policy action. Established climate science is clear: human activities are largely responsible for the majority of recent warming, and climate change is already disrupting human and natural systems (IPCC 2013 ...
... change, although they make misleading statements far less often than do opponents of climate policy action. Established climate science is clear: human activities are largely responsible for the majority of recent warming, and climate change is already disrupting human and natural systems (IPCC 2013 ...
Climate Change and the Law
... interact to develop responses at multiple levels to a problem that affects all of us. The text encompasses international, national, state, and local approaches to climate change, as well as initiatives in regulatory agencies, the courts and the private sector. In this way, students are invited to se ...
... interact to develop responses at multiple levels to a problem that affects all of us. The text encompasses international, national, state, and local approaches to climate change, as well as initiatives in regulatory agencies, the courts and the private sector. In this way, students are invited to se ...
Sustainable Agriculture Land Management
... 1.2 What are the causes of climate change? Climate change is predominantly caused, directly or indirectly, by both natural processes and human activities that lead to the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere (see 1.3). These natural and human activities include: industrialisatio ...
... 1.2 What are the causes of climate change? Climate change is predominantly caused, directly or indirectly, by both natural processes and human activities that lead to the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere (see 1.3). These natural and human activities include: industrialisatio ...
Climate Treaties and Enforcement - Yale Center for the Study of
... meeting the goal of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC)—to ensure that concentrations would be stabilized ‘at a level that would prevent dangerous interference with the climate system’. This is an elegant and audacious construct. Can it work? An effective international agreement for cl ...
... meeting the goal of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC)—to ensure that concentrations would be stabilized ‘at a level that would prevent dangerous interference with the climate system’. This is an elegant and audacious construct. Can it work? An effective international agreement for cl ...
Heat Turn Down the Confronting
... higher risk of drought results in potential declines for crop yields, urban health, and energy generation. In Macedonia, yield losses are projected of up to 50 percent for maize, wheat, vegetables and grapes at 2°C warming. In northern Russia, forest dieback and thawing of permafrost threaten to amp ...
... higher risk of drought results in potential declines for crop yields, urban health, and energy generation. In Macedonia, yield losses are projected of up to 50 percent for maize, wheat, vegetables and grapes at 2°C warming. In northern Russia, forest dieback and thawing of permafrost threaten to amp ...
The Human Condition in the Anthropocene
... for actions dealing with climate change.1 Today I want to discuss this expression: “common but differentiated responsibilities.” Why responsibility should be differentiated is easy to understand. Climate change is a back-loaded problem. We do not suffer immediately from the effects of our emissio ...
... for actions dealing with climate change.1 Today I want to discuss this expression: “common but differentiated responsibilities.” Why responsibility should be differentiated is easy to understand. Climate change is a back-loaded problem. We do not suffer immediately from the effects of our emissio ...
international, national, and state responses to climate change
... likely result in widespread environmental changes, including rising sea levels, contracting snow cover, increased heat waves and heavy precipitation events, increased rates of extinction, and widespread displacement of vulnerable, low-lying communities.13 The effects of warming on water resources, ...
... likely result in widespread environmental changes, including rising sea levels, contracting snow cover, increased heat waves and heavy precipitation events, increased rates of extinction, and widespread displacement of vulnerable, low-lying communities.13 The effects of warming on water resources, ...
Microsoft Word
... in a simplification of the regression coefficients’ interpretation, particularly referring to their algebraic signs. The question on the weather statements was as followed: “If you look at the time you spent working at your farm, how strongly would you agree with the following statements with respe ...
... in a simplification of the regression coefficients’ interpretation, particularly referring to their algebraic signs. The question on the weather statements was as followed: “If you look at the time you spent working at your farm, how strongly would you agree with the following statements with respe ...
Implications for policymakers: Climate change, biodiversity
... strategy. However, it also found that the ecological impacts of climate change are likely to vary significantly between regions, and management implications and options may need to be assessed at ...
... strategy. However, it also found that the ecological impacts of climate change are likely to vary significantly between regions, and management implications and options may need to be assessed at ...
Building resilience to climate shocks and stresses: knowledge gap Learning paper #1
... or return to– equilibrium - are able to invest which that people livelihoods especiallyfollowing around disturbance what Holling (1973) referred to as ‘engineering resilience’) into a more elaborated concept their time and resources in access and control over, or which embraces the ability not simpl ...
... or return to– equilibrium - are able to invest which that people livelihoods especiallyfollowing around disturbance what Holling (1973) referred to as ‘engineering resilience’) into a more elaborated concept their time and resources in access and control over, or which embraces the ability not simpl ...
Biome Q10 and Dryness - Qc.edu
... and global warming [14,15]. Furthermore, we reiterate the findings of Zhou et al. [4] that models of soil responses to climate change, at least at the biome level, should not assume Q10 = 2, but need to accommodate the sensitivity of soil respiration in different soil types to dryness. Thus, the fee ...
... and global warming [14,15]. Furthermore, we reiterate the findings of Zhou et al. [4] that models of soil responses to climate change, at least at the biome level, should not assume Q10 = 2, but need to accommodate the sensitivity of soil respiration in different soil types to dryness. Thus, the fee ...
Coastal Vulnerability Handout
... Sea level rise could be a serious problem, but the uncertainties are large Impacts are strongly influenced by human choice Reducing GHG emissions reduces but does not avoid sea level rise impacts Preparing to adapt would seem prudent, in the context of multiple stresses and managing ...
... Sea level rise could be a serious problem, but the uncertainties are large Impacts are strongly influenced by human choice Reducing GHG emissions reduces but does not avoid sea level rise impacts Preparing to adapt would seem prudent, in the context of multiple stresses and managing ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.