IFinland`s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change
... evaluating any no-regrets measures whose implementation would benefit the sector or target groups regardless of climate change. A conceptual framework of Finland’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change is presented in Figure 1.1. Chapter 2 of the Adaptation Strategy presents climate chan ...
... evaluating any no-regrets measures whose implementation would benefit the sector or target groups regardless of climate change. A conceptual framework of Finland’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change is presented in Figure 1.1. Chapter 2 of the Adaptation Strategy presents climate chan ...
the identification of a solar signal in climate records of the last 500
... Clear evidence is established herein for the ability of relatively small changes in solar irradiance to impact the global climate. Both at the century scale and at shorter periodicities, the variability of the solar ‘constant’ is influential in defining the global mean climate and more importantly, ...
... Clear evidence is established herein for the ability of relatively small changes in solar irradiance to impact the global climate. Both at the century scale and at shorter periodicities, the variability of the solar ‘constant’ is influential in defining the global mean climate and more importantly, ...
Historical Responsibility in the UNFCCC Mathias Friman
... published at the UNFCCC website. These sources are very abundant thus it is appropriate to limit the focus of attention, in this case to official reports from meetings of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on the UNFCCC (INC); the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP); the Ad hoc Gr ...
... published at the UNFCCC website. These sources are very abundant thus it is appropriate to limit the focus of attention, in this case to official reports from meetings of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on the UNFCCC (INC); the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP); the Ad hoc Gr ...
Pre-Feasibility Analysis for the Conversion of Landfill Gas to
... and limited in its ability to escape. GHGs cause a similar effect in earth’s lower atmosphere. Shorter wavelength solar radiation passes through the “blanket” created by GHGs, causing the earth to warm. Energy that reaches the earth’s surface from the sun is then reradiated back into space as longer ...
... and limited in its ability to escape. GHGs cause a similar effect in earth’s lower atmosphere. Shorter wavelength solar radiation passes through the “blanket” created by GHGs, causing the earth to warm. Energy that reaches the earth’s surface from the sun is then reradiated back into space as longer ...
Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern
... red and blue contours, alongside light pink and blue shading beneath, denote negative and positive trends, respectively), sea surface temperature (SST, purple–red shading), and 10-m winds (vectors). Only SST trends equatorward of the climatological September sea-ice extent (SIE, black contour) are s ...
... red and blue contours, alongside light pink and blue shading beneath, denote negative and positive trends, respectively), sea surface temperature (SST, purple–red shading), and 10-m winds (vectors). Only SST trends equatorward of the climatological September sea-ice extent (SIE, black contour) are s ...
Untitled - The Pew Charitable Trusts
... implementation of a policy, program, or plan to inform decision makers on the potential health impacts implementation will have on a population. The HIA process typically involves a six step process: 1) Screening, 2) Scoping, 3) Assessment, 4) Recommendations, 5) Reporting, and 6) Monitoring and Eva ...
... implementation of a policy, program, or plan to inform decision makers on the potential health impacts implementation will have on a population. The HIA process typically involves a six step process: 1) Screening, 2) Scoping, 3) Assessment, 4) Recommendations, 5) Reporting, and 6) Monitoring and Eva ...
Resource guide on gender and climate change
... the achievement of the MDGs, and how humanity confronts new challenges that were not given enough weight when the MDGs were formulated. For example, although there is insufficient empirical evidence to prove that there is a link between the food crisis and climate change, some data presented in this ...
... the achievement of the MDGs, and how humanity confronts new challenges that were not given enough weight when the MDGs were formulated. For example, although there is insufficient empirical evidence to prove that there is a link between the food crisis and climate change, some data presented in this ...
Combining effects of ozone and carbon dioxide application on
... This research investigated the effects of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on photosynthesis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Khao Dawk Mali 105. Seedlings were kept in indoor climate control chambers which were set to typically background level of ozone (<10 ppb) by passing inlet air from outsid ...
... This research investigated the effects of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on photosynthesis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Khao Dawk Mali 105. Seedlings were kept in indoor climate control chambers which were set to typically background level of ozone (<10 ppb) by passing inlet air from outsid ...
A hydrogeologic framework for characterizing summer streamflow
... This exchange has been excluded from our approach because physically accounting for groundwater gain and loss in this conceptual sensitivity framework with little or no data would undermine its simplicity. This introduces some error in some landscapes, notably those with large groundwater systems in ...
... This exchange has been excluded from our approach because physically accounting for groundwater gain and loss in this conceptual sensitivity framework with little or no data would undermine its simplicity. This introduces some error in some landscapes, notably those with large groundwater systems in ...
Institutions for Climate Adaptation: An are Relevant for Climate Change
... On 29 June 2007 European member states adopted the Green Paper on Adaptation (Adapting to climate change in Europe - options for EU action). The Green Paper identifies the most important climate risks for the EU and generally describes how these risks could be dealt with. The White paper sets out a ...
... On 29 June 2007 European member states adopted the Green Paper on Adaptation (Adapting to climate change in Europe - options for EU action). The Green Paper identifies the most important climate risks for the EU and generally describes how these risks could be dealt with. The White paper sets out a ...
Hydropower Vulnerability and Climate Change
... The main purpose of this study is to assess how climate change will impact global hydroelectric production. This assessment was carried out through an extensive literature review that investigated current trends in hydropower as well climate change effects predicted to influence hydroelectric produc ...
... The main purpose of this study is to assess how climate change will impact global hydroelectric production. This assessment was carried out through an extensive literature review that investigated current trends in hydropower as well climate change effects predicted to influence hydroelectric produc ...
Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change
... managed by a core team of the World Bank’s Environment Department led by Sergio Margulis (Task Team Leader) and comprising Urvashi Narain, Kiran Pandey, Laurent Cretegny, Ana Bucher, Robert Schneider, Gordon Hughes, and Timothy Essam. Robin Mearns, Anne Kuriakose, and Carina Bachofen coordinated the ...
... managed by a core team of the World Bank’s Environment Department led by Sergio Margulis (Task Team Leader) and comprising Urvashi Narain, Kiran Pandey, Laurent Cretegny, Ana Bucher, Robert Schneider, Gordon Hughes, and Timothy Essam. Robin Mearns, Anne Kuriakose, and Carina Bachofen coordinated the ...
IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 18 FIRST-‐ORDER DRAFT Expert Review
... WHO model predicting near-‐eradication of malaria by 2030 (WHO: The global burden of disease: Updated projections, Geneva 2008). Similar projections are made by the WHO for other tropical diseases. If correct ...
... WHO model predicting near-‐eradication of malaria by 2030 (WHO: The global burden of disease: Updated projections, Geneva 2008). Similar projections are made by the WHO for other tropical diseases. If correct ...
Cotton and Climate Change: Impacts and options to mitigate
... One of the great development challenges is to guarantee food security for the world’s poor while also ensuring greater sustainability of food production and consumption. Cotton is an important crop for the world’s poor. Exports of the crop from developing countries reached US$ 2.8 billion in 2009–20 ...
... One of the great development challenges is to guarantee food security for the world’s poor while also ensuring greater sustainability of food production and consumption. Cotton is an important crop for the world’s poor. Exports of the crop from developing countries reached US$ 2.8 billion in 2009–20 ...
Hydrological drought across the world: impact of climate and
... droughts have each their own specific spatiotemporal characteristics (e.g., Peters et al., 2006; Tallaksen et al., 2009). From an impact point of view, it is important to distinguish between the different types of drought and to realize that hydrological drought indicators cannot be straightforwardl ...
... droughts have each their own specific spatiotemporal characteristics (e.g., Peters et al., 2006; Tallaksen et al., 2009). From an impact point of view, it is important to distinguish between the different types of drought and to realize that hydrological drought indicators cannot be straightforwardl ...
Climate change - Citizens` Climate Lobby
... that has been supported by conservative rightly says that President Obama must economists and policy experts: a revenue-‐ confront climate change now. But I disagree neutral price on carbon, imposed at the ...
... that has been supported by conservative rightly says that President Obama must economists and policy experts: a revenue-‐ confront climate change now. But I disagree neutral price on carbon, imposed at the ...
Simulating Future Wheat Yields` Response to Climate Change and
... forcing (RF) is used. It is a metric that “represents the net change in the energy balance (radiative flux) of the Earth system” which results in a warming of the planet (Myhre et al. 2013). Between 1750 and 2005 RF has increased by 0.2 W/m2 mainly due to the increase in CO2 concentrations (from 27 ...
... forcing (RF) is used. It is a metric that “represents the net change in the energy balance (radiative flux) of the Earth system” which results in a warming of the planet (Myhre et al. 2013). Between 1750 and 2005 RF has increased by 0.2 W/m2 mainly due to the increase in CO2 concentrations (from 27 ...
IPCC-ar4-wg1-chapter8-ClimateModels.pdf
... The large-scale patterns of seasonal variation in several important atmospheric fields are now better simulated by AOGCMs than they were at the time of the TAR. Notably, errors in simulating the monthly mean, global distribution of precipitation, sea level pressure and surface air temperature have a ...
... The large-scale patterns of seasonal variation in several important atmospheric fields are now better simulated by AOGCMs than they were at the time of the TAR. Notably, errors in simulating the monthly mean, global distribution of precipitation, sea level pressure and surface air temperature have a ...
Climate Models and Their Evaluation
... The large-scale patterns of seasonal variation in several important atmospheric fields are now better simulated by AOGCMs than they were at the time of the TAR. Notably, errors in simulating the monthly mean, global distribution of precipitation, sea level pressure and surface air temperature have a ...
... The large-scale patterns of seasonal variation in several important atmospheric fields are now better simulated by AOGCMs than they were at the time of the TAR. Notably, errors in simulating the monthly mean, global distribution of precipitation, sea level pressure and surface air temperature have a ...
Australia`s country towns 2050: What will a climate
... look like? National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Coast, 139 pp. Acknowledgement This work was carried out with financial support from the Australian Government (Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency) and the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCA ...
... look like? National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Coast, 139 pp. Acknowledgement This work was carried out with financial support from the Australian Government (Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency) and the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCA ...
Technical Summary
... Climate change: A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal process ...
... Climate change: A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal process ...
Cotton and Climate Change - International Trade Centre
... One of the great development challenges is to guarantee food security for the world’s poor while also ensuring greater sustainability of food and fibre production and consumption. Cotton is an important crop for the world’s poor. Exports of the crop from developing countries reached US$ 2.8 billion ...
... One of the great development challenges is to guarantee food security for the world’s poor while also ensuring greater sustainability of food and fibre production and consumption. Cotton is an important crop for the world’s poor. Exports of the crop from developing countries reached US$ 2.8 billion ...
An Analysis of Methane Mitigation as a Response
... mitigation potentials for different CO2 prices. While mitigation potentials are generally large, there are substantial potentials at low marginal abatement costs. Drawing on different assumptions on the social costs of carbon, we calculate benefit/cost ratios for different sectors and mitigation lev ...
... mitigation potentials for different CO2 prices. While mitigation potentials are generally large, there are substantial potentials at low marginal abatement costs. Drawing on different assumptions on the social costs of carbon, we calculate benefit/cost ratios for different sectors and mitigation lev ...
pLAnnIng fOR cLIMATE chAngE
... countries who have a basic knowledge of climate change and the desire to address it. While the guide is targeted at local government planners in particular, it recognizes that all types of planners (disaster risk reduction, civil engineers, local economic development specialists, environmental exper ...
... countries who have a basic knowledge of climate change and the desire to address it. While the guide is targeted at local government planners in particular, it recognizes that all types of planners (disaster risk reduction, civil engineers, local economic development specialists, environmental exper ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.