Tracking pan-Canadian climate progress and
... Done right, strong climate action at the federal, provincial and territorial levels can secure Canada’s required emissions reductions and support its transition to a low-carbon economy. ...
... Done right, strong climate action at the federal, provincial and territorial levels can secure Canada’s required emissions reductions and support its transition to a low-carbon economy. ...
Sea-ice switches and abrupt climate change
... far away from the North Atlantic might be explained by the e®ect of sea ice on atmospheric circulation (Mayewski et al. 1994) or by the e®ect of sea ice on the temperature of the water formed in the North Atlantic in the presence of sea ice (Gildor & Tziperman 2001a). In particular, these sea-ice e® ...
... far away from the North Atlantic might be explained by the e®ect of sea ice on atmospheric circulation (Mayewski et al. 1994) or by the e®ect of sea ice on the temperature of the water formed in the North Atlantic in the presence of sea ice (Gildor & Tziperman 2001a). In particular, these sea-ice e® ...
Follow-up Report - Ministry of Tourism
... presentation. Some of the key questions raised and a summary of responses from the panel and presenters are provided below: Q: Can you please provide an example of [regulatory] disincentives to climate change adaptation? A: Fisheries regulations allow fishing from house reefs, including those of res ...
... presentation. Some of the key questions raised and a summary of responses from the panel and presenters are provided below: Q: Can you please provide an example of [regulatory] disincentives to climate change adaptation? A: Fisheries regulations allow fishing from house reefs, including those of res ...
Climate Potential in Spanish regions: analysis and its
... serious quality problems with the wind speed data. Climatic observations often have temporal, systematic biases due to technical errors or environmental changes (Brunet et al., 2006). When several time series are available for the same climatic region, these biases can be detected and corrected with ...
... serious quality problems with the wind speed data. Climatic observations often have temporal, systematic biases due to technical errors or environmental changes (Brunet et al., 2006). When several time series are available for the same climatic region, these biases can be detected and corrected with ...
Global Climate Risk Index 2006
... sixes would have occurred anyway, even with normal dice. Loading the dice simply doubled the odds. In the same manner, while we cannot draw firm conclusions about one single hurricane, we can draw some conclusions about hurricanes more generally. In particular, the available scientific evidence indi ...
... sixes would have occurred anyway, even with normal dice. Loading the dice simply doubled the odds. In the same manner, while we cannot draw firm conclusions about one single hurricane, we can draw some conclusions about hurricanes more generally. In particular, the available scientific evidence indi ...
PDF
... of $9.60 per hour (Hayhoe et al. 2012). Annual maintenance cost was estimated to be 8% of initial irrigation system cost, and a real discount rate of 3% was used to calculate net present value. Average crop price was calculated using NASS price data for the years 2008-2012 as reported by the Texas A ...
... of $9.60 per hour (Hayhoe et al. 2012). Annual maintenance cost was estimated to be 8% of initial irrigation system cost, and a real discount rate of 3% was used to calculate net present value. Average crop price was calculated using NASS price data for the years 2008-2012 as reported by the Texas A ...
who left carbon footprints in my greenhouse?
... and natural gas—referred to as fossil fuels. That is why such fuels release carbon into the atmosphere when burned. Carbon Cycle The carbon cycle is the continuous process by which carbon is exchanged between organisms and the environment. Plants combine carbon dioxide from the air, water and sunlig ...
... and natural gas—referred to as fossil fuels. That is why such fuels release carbon into the atmosphere when burned. Carbon Cycle The carbon cycle is the continuous process by which carbon is exchanged between organisms and the environment. Plants combine carbon dioxide from the air, water and sunlig ...
Climate change and the Antarctic marine ecosystem: an essay on
... Antarctic marine communities, examining the potential impacts on invertebrates and vertebrates alike and exploring plausible outcomes for species, with examples principally from the Antarctic literature. We suggest that industries with the greatest potential to aggravate climate change impacts on ma ...
... Antarctic marine communities, examining the potential impacts on invertebrates and vertebrates alike and exploring plausible outcomes for species, with examples principally from the Antarctic literature. We suggest that industries with the greatest potential to aggravate climate change impacts on ma ...
Carbon Cycling, Climate Regulation, and Disturbances in Canadian
... change [1]. Globally, the most widespread type of “land management change” (i.e., the use of land by humans, without changing the land cover) occurs in forests; indeed only one fourth of the total forested area is not currently affected by human use [1]. Non-deforestation wood harvest is usually the ...
... change [1]. Globally, the most widespread type of “land management change” (i.e., the use of land by humans, without changing the land cover) occurs in forests; indeed only one fourth of the total forested area is not currently affected by human use [1]. Non-deforestation wood harvest is usually the ...
Debating Climate Change David Weisbach
... unanimous in their conclusion that the developed countries should take the lead in bearing the costs of climate change, while the less developed countries should be allowed to increase emissions for the foreseeable future.”1 These philosophers are mistaken. This policy recommendation a bad one, but ...
... unanimous in their conclusion that the developed countries should take the lead in bearing the costs of climate change, while the less developed countries should be allowed to increase emissions for the foreseeable future.”1 These philosophers are mistaken. This policy recommendation a bad one, but ...
Adaptation
... Direct: lower negative effects from climate change => lower “losses” and lower negative impact on economic activity and social “welfare” Indirect (side) effects: adaptation (especially proactive) actions can consist in (a) investments (no pure costs) (b) not necessarily related only to climate chang ...
... Direct: lower negative effects from climate change => lower “losses” and lower negative impact on economic activity and social “welfare” Indirect (side) effects: adaptation (especially proactive) actions can consist in (a) investments (no pure costs) (b) not necessarily related only to climate chang ...
After Kyoto: Approaches to Climate Change Mitigation Post-2012
... commitments for different countries depending upon their relative state of economic development, could be used to help expand the international emissions trading scheme established under the Kyoto Protocol. Individual sectoral commitments across categories of nations could be informed by a sectoral ...
... commitments for different countries depending upon their relative state of economic development, could be used to help expand the international emissions trading scheme established under the Kyoto Protocol. Individual sectoral commitments across categories of nations could be informed by a sectoral ...
Climate Impact Research in the BSR: State of the Art
... 2. Communities will adapt autonomously, but not without costs 3. The key features of climate change are variabilities and extremes 4. Planned adaptation measures usually have immediate benefits 5. Adaptations are likely to be implemented only if they are integrated with existing management and devel ...
... 2. Communities will adapt autonomously, but not without costs 3. The key features of climate change are variabilities and extremes 4. Planned adaptation measures usually have immediate benefits 5. Adaptations are likely to be implemented only if they are integrated with existing management and devel ...
The impact of Atmospheric and Oceanic Resolution on
... Multi-Model Approach to Quantifying Uncertainty • Multi-Model Methodologies Are a Practical Approach to Quantifying Forecast Uncertainty Due to Uncertainty in Model Formulation • No Determination of Which Model is Better Depends on Metric • Taking Advantage of Complementary or ...
... Multi-Model Approach to Quantifying Uncertainty • Multi-Model Methodologies Are a Practical Approach to Quantifying Forecast Uncertainty Due to Uncertainty in Model Formulation • No Determination of Which Model is Better Depends on Metric • Taking Advantage of Complementary or ...
Climate Change and Forest Genetic Resources - state of knowledge, risks and opportunities
... At the ecosystem level, adaptation to climate change requires maintaining options at the species and intra-species levels. Species diversity is a form of insurance that should increase the resilience of natural forests and planted tree stands in the face of environmental variability if the various s ...
... At the ecosystem level, adaptation to climate change requires maintaining options at the species and intra-species levels. Species diversity is a form of insurance that should increase the resilience of natural forests and planted tree stands in the face of environmental variability if the various s ...
Brook Trout Related Research Projects_2-26
... Abstract: Use of surveys to detect trends in population abundance over time can be difficult due to high natural variability. Salmonid populations are no exception, with reported coefficients of variation (CV) ranging fro 15%-108%. Given the finite amount of resources available to managers, knowledg ...
... Abstract: Use of surveys to detect trends in population abundance over time can be difficult due to high natural variability. Salmonid populations are no exception, with reported coefficients of variation (CV) ranging fro 15%-108%. Given the finite amount of resources available to managers, knowledg ...
- UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
... ICCR. The paper emphasizes components that promote capacity development, demonstration projects, risk reduction, and knowledge management. Benefits to the ICCR include improving physical, institutional, and community resilience. Challenges include ensuring that adaptation efforts are enough to truly ...
... ICCR. The paper emphasizes components that promote capacity development, demonstration projects, risk reduction, and knowledge management. Benefits to the ICCR include improving physical, institutional, and community resilience. Challenges include ensuring that adaptation efforts are enough to truly ...
A Game of Preferences:
... the U.S. has never ratified a treaty requiring it to reduce its GHG emissions, the only commitment the U.S. has made to date under this definition is the one implicit in the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Clean Power Plan, which I discuss in chapter 1. The Interests of Domestic Actors and t ...
... the U.S. has never ratified a treaty requiring it to reduce its GHG emissions, the only commitment the U.S. has made to date under this definition is the one implicit in the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Clean Power Plan, which I discuss in chapter 1. The Interests of Domestic Actors and t ...
Climate Change Risk Assessment
... the effects of the phenomenon. Climate mitigation and adaptation should not be seen as alternatives to each other, as they are not discrete activities but rather a combined set of actions in an overall approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It has since been recognised that a more detailed app ...
... the effects of the phenomenon. Climate mitigation and adaptation should not be seen as alternatives to each other, as they are not discrete activities but rather a combined set of actions in an overall approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It has since been recognised that a more detailed app ...
PDF
... Given the clout agricultural producers have in Congress, the perceptions of this small but influential group may have a significant effect on the policy debate and on laws that are eventually enacted. There are no recurrent surveys of the agricultural sector’s perceptions of climate change in the Un ...
... Given the clout agricultural producers have in Congress, the perceptions of this small but influential group may have a significant effect on the policy debate and on laws that are eventually enacted. There are no recurrent surveys of the agricultural sector’s perceptions of climate change in the Un ...
Assessing the Physical Science of Climate Change
... and are forcing the climate to change. • Beyond global warming: Discernible human influences on other aspects of climate including heat waves, wind patterns, drought, and more…this is the first ‘earth system’ IPCC report. • Commitment: Already committed to more warming (next few decades), with choic ...
... and are forcing the climate to change. • Beyond global warming: Discernible human influences on other aspects of climate including heat waves, wind patterns, drought, and more…this is the first ‘earth system’ IPCC report. • Commitment: Already committed to more warming (next few decades), with choic ...
The Potential Conseque
... This share of the region’s output in these sectors is projected to increase to 12% by 2045,mainly because of increases in tourist related activities,but also because of increases in agricultural services. The share of total output in agriculture is projected to decrease,although the total value of a ...
... This share of the region’s output in these sectors is projected to increase to 12% by 2045,mainly because of increases in tourist related activities,but also because of increases in agricultural services. The share of total output in agriculture is projected to decrease,although the total value of a ...
Migration as a contribution to resilience and innovation
... & Battaglini, 2011; WBGU, 2007). While there is no commonly agreed definition of climate migration (for an attempt see EACHFOR, 2009), some sources estimate several hundred million climate refugees (Myers, 2002) which has been challenged as speculative and exaggerated (Jakobeit & Methmann, 2011). Oth ...
... & Battaglini, 2011; WBGU, 2007). While there is no commonly agreed definition of climate migration (for an attempt see EACHFOR, 2009), some sources estimate several hundred million climate refugees (Myers, 2002) which has been challenged as speculative and exaggerated (Jakobeit & Methmann, 2011). Oth ...
Climate and finance systemic risks, more than an analogy?
... then consider that a price only mechanism will not be enough to prevent uncertain extreme events from happening. Obviously, as was demonstrated again in the 2008 crisis, systemic events periodically arise in capitalist societies. Moreover, the fat-tailed form of climate damages adopted by Weitzman s ...
... then consider that a price only mechanism will not be enough to prevent uncertain extreme events from happening. Obviously, as was demonstrated again in the 2008 crisis, systemic events periodically arise in capitalist societies. Moreover, the fat-tailed form of climate damages adopted by Weitzman s ...
Turning points in climate change adaptation
... and Wolf 2010, Dow et al. 2013). If such a situation is conceivable, next to knowing the extent of the threat, at least equally important is to know when and how likely it is that the situation will occur. Reframing climate impacts in terms of potential policy failure and unacceptable change has the ...
... and Wolf 2010, Dow et al. 2013). If such a situation is conceivable, next to knowing the extent of the threat, at least equally important is to know when and how likely it is that the situation will occur. Reframing climate impacts in terms of potential policy failure and unacceptable change has the ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.