All Countries Need to Take Major Steps on Climate Change: Global
... majority also supports providing aid to developing countries under an agreement requiring them to limit their emissions. More than three-quarters (77%) say they believe “human activity, including industry and transportation, [is] a significant cause of climate change.” Similar numbers (72%) support ...
... majority also supports providing aid to developing countries under an agreement requiring them to limit their emissions. More than three-quarters (77%) say they believe “human activity, including industry and transportation, [is] a significant cause of climate change.” Similar numbers (72%) support ...
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Module: Introduction Module: Management [Investor]
... • save money. During 2012 we saved US$ 75 million in energy costs by implementing energy efficient and low carbon projects. f) What have been the most substantial business decisions made during the reporting year that have been influenced by the climate change driven aspects of the strategy. • We co ...
... • save money. During 2012 we saved US$ 75 million in energy costs by implementing energy efficient and low carbon projects. f) What have been the most substantial business decisions made during the reporting year that have been influenced by the climate change driven aspects of the strategy. • We co ...
Future deforestation in the Amazon and consequences
... convective dynamics and precipitation rates regionally. With changes in land use, the energy budget of the surface is modified. A forested surface is darker, has higher evapo-transpiration rates, and is rougher compared to a surface covered in grass. Changes in these properties lead to a respective ...
... convective dynamics and precipitation rates regionally. With changes in land use, the energy budget of the surface is modified. A forested surface is darker, has higher evapo-transpiration rates, and is rougher compared to a surface covered in grass. Changes in these properties lead to a respective ...
Pathways for balancing CO2 emissions and sinks
... December 2015, negotiators from 195 countries agreed to ‘pursue efforts to limit the (global average) temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change’. The text of the Paris Agreement further specifies ...
... December 2015, negotiators from 195 countries agreed to ‘pursue efforts to limit the (global average) temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change’. The text of the Paris Agreement further specifies ...
Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook MODULE 14: Financing Climate-smart agriculture
... poverty reduction and economic growth. The focus of the module is on the near term – particularly the next 20 years, as this is the critical window of opportunity to transform agricultural systems to reduce the vulnerability of rural populations to climate change by improving rural livelihoods, inco ...
... poverty reduction and economic growth. The focus of the module is on the near term – particularly the next 20 years, as this is the critical window of opportunity to transform agricultural systems to reduce the vulnerability of rural populations to climate change by improving rural livelihoods, inco ...
potential effects of climate change on ecosystem and tree species
... neural networks (Berry et al. 2002, Pearson et al. 2002). Different models sometimes result in different predictions, and individual species may show an optimummodel fit using any of these models (Moisen and Frescino 2002, Thuiller et al. 2003a). Some experts have suggested evaluating several models ...
... neural networks (Berry et al. 2002, Pearson et al. 2002). Different models sometimes result in different predictions, and individual species may show an optimummodel fit using any of these models (Moisen and Frescino 2002, Thuiller et al. 2003a). Some experts have suggested evaluating several models ...
American Evangelicals and Domestic Versus International Climate
... climate policy. Countries like China and India probably will not accept binding emissions commitments without America’s leadership or reciprocation. Within the United States, slightly more than 26% of the adult population belonged to evangelical Protestant denominations in a survey conducted in 2007 ...
... climate policy. Countries like China and India probably will not accept binding emissions commitments without America’s leadership or reciprocation. Within the United States, slightly more than 26% of the adult population belonged to evangelical Protestant denominations in a survey conducted in 2007 ...
This is climaTe change in europe
... ignore the impacts of climate change. Extreme weather events are no longer restricted to far off, exotic places. They are also happening on the doorsteps of the richest, most powerful countries, here in Europe, in our communities, affecting our daily lives. The publication of the first part of the I ...
... ignore the impacts of climate change. Extreme weather events are no longer restricted to far off, exotic places. They are also happening on the doorsteps of the richest, most powerful countries, here in Europe, in our communities, affecting our daily lives. The publication of the first part of the I ...
INDC technical report
... requires international cooperation in accordance with principles of the Convention. It is in that light that South Africa considers its investments in adaptation as a contribution to the global effort, which should be recognised as such. Further information is provided in the equity section of the I ...
... requires international cooperation in accordance with principles of the Convention. It is in that light that South Africa considers its investments in adaptation as a contribution to the global effort, which should be recognised as such. Further information is provided in the equity section of the I ...
Climate Variability, Climate Change and Western Water
... ecosystems in ways that are not yet entirely clear. The available evidence suggests that global warming may lead to substantial changes in mean annual streamflows, the seasonal distribution of flows, and the probabilities of extreme high or low flow conditions. Recent climate model studies project t ...
... ecosystems in ways that are not yet entirely clear. The available evidence suggests that global warming may lead to substantial changes in mean annual streamflows, the seasonal distribution of flows, and the probabilities of extreme high or low flow conditions. Recent climate model studies project t ...
2. Reconciling adaptation and migration
... Climate migration is increasingly identified as one of the major challenges resulting from climate change,2 while its scope is only very roughly estimated between 50 million and 1 billion climate migrants by 2050.3 Climate migration results in particular from a rise of the sea level threatening low ...
... Climate migration is increasingly identified as one of the major challenges resulting from climate change,2 while its scope is only very roughly estimated between 50 million and 1 billion climate migrants by 2050.3 Climate migration results in particular from a rise of the sea level threatening low ...
The Vulnerability of Biodiversity to Rapid Climate Change
... 2.1.2 Guarded lessons from modeling We can glean overarching lessons from climate model sensitivity studies, such as under scenarios of increasing greenhouse gases, sulfate aerosols, and land cover change (e.g., Avila et al. 2012; Feddema et al. 2005; Meehl et al. 2007). Caution is needed, however, ...
... 2.1.2 Guarded lessons from modeling We can glean overarching lessons from climate model sensitivity studies, such as under scenarios of increasing greenhouse gases, sulfate aerosols, and land cover change (e.g., Avila et al. 2012; Feddema et al. 2005; Meehl et al. 2007). Caution is needed, however, ...
South Africa`s climate change technology needs assessment 2007
... However, once developed nations take the lead, they expect (at least some) developing countries to follow. South Africa may be pressurised to accept future commitments to reduce emissions and possibly be required to take on a bigger burden regarding emissions if its per capita emission ...
... However, once developed nations take the lead, they expect (at least some) developing countries to follow. South Africa may be pressurised to accept future commitments to reduce emissions and possibly be required to take on a bigger burden regarding emissions if its per capita emission ...
Migration as a sustainable adaptation strategy
... Climate migration is increasingly identified as one of the major challenges resulting from climate change,2 while its scope is only very roughly estimated between 50 million and 1 billion climate migrants by 2050.3 Climate migration results in particular from a rise of the sea level threatening low ...
... Climate migration is increasingly identified as one of the major challenges resulting from climate change,2 while its scope is only very roughly estimated between 50 million and 1 billion climate migrants by 2050.3 Climate migration results in particular from a rise of the sea level threatening low ...
Energy research and the contributions of the social sciences: A
... adapt their methods to their particular research questions [41]. Methodological eclecticism allows anthropologists to be flexible and adjust to changing circumstances and paradigms. Anthropology is a holistic discipline in that it addresses questions from multiple perspectives. Environmental anthropo ...
... adapt their methods to their particular research questions [41]. Methodological eclecticism allows anthropologists to be flexible and adjust to changing circumstances and paradigms. Anthropology is a holistic discipline in that it addresses questions from multiple perspectives. Environmental anthropo ...
Chapter 3: U.S. Legal Developments: Legislative, Executive, and
... comprehensive legislative approach to this problem. In so doing, the Section grounds the rest of the chapter, as it clarifies why those wanting to address climate change more comprehensively at a national level have turned to more general environmental and energy law. 1. Limited Direct Statutory Reg ...
... comprehensive legislative approach to this problem. In so doing, the Section grounds the rest of the chapter, as it clarifies why those wanting to address climate change more comprehensively at a national level have turned to more general environmental and energy law. 1. Limited Direct Statutory Reg ...
Can sense-making tools inform adaptation policy?
... multiple interacting factors (Folke et al. 2002, Diamond 2005). It is difficult to capture these dynamics a priori, let alone affect them through policy (Adger et al. 2007). ...
... multiple interacting factors (Folke et al. 2002, Diamond 2005). It is difficult to capture these dynamics a priori, let alone affect them through policy (Adger et al. 2007). ...
Mega-Stress for Mega-Cities
... the goal of increasing regional awareness of the impacts of climate change, providing a starting point for further research and policy discussions, and triggering action to protect people and nature in and around Asia’s megacities from mega-stress in the future. Cities cover less than 1% of the plan ...
... the goal of increasing regional awareness of the impacts of climate change, providing a starting point for further research and policy discussions, and triggering action to protect people and nature in and around Asia’s megacities from mega-stress in the future. Cities cover less than 1% of the plan ...
Student Sheet 1.2: Where on Earth?
... Background: The most dangerous part of a hurricane is the storm surge that forms on the water of the ocean or other body of water, such as a nearby lake. Low air pressure at the center of the hurricane draws water up into a hill that is higher than sea level, and hurricane winds push the hill of wat ...
... Background: The most dangerous part of a hurricane is the storm surge that forms on the water of the ocean or other body of water, such as a nearby lake. Low air pressure at the center of the hurricane draws water up into a hill that is higher than sea level, and hurricane winds push the hill of wat ...
Using Carbon Sequestration Projects to Offset
... emissions, and also establishes the Climate Trust—a nonrequire GHG emissions to be reported and inventoried. governmental organization that receives payments from Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Oregon, and power plants, which it invests in GHG projects to avoid, Washington impose binding GHG emission ...
... emissions, and also establishes the Climate Trust—a nonrequire GHG emissions to be reported and inventoried. governmental organization that receives payments from Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Oregon, and power plants, which it invests in GHG projects to avoid, Washington impose binding GHG emission ...
Comparing modelled fire dynamics with charcoal records for the
... (Elsig et al., 2009). The transient simulation includes an orbital forcing after Berger (1978), fixed greenhouse gases and aerosol concentration, and ignores changes in sea level and land ice. At the end of the transient simulation, atmospheric CO2 concentration is simulated as 272 ppm, which is low ...
... (Elsig et al., 2009). The transient simulation includes an orbital forcing after Berger (1978), fixed greenhouse gases and aerosol concentration, and ignores changes in sea level and land ice. At the end of the transient simulation, atmospheric CO2 concentration is simulated as 272 ppm, which is low ...
Limited potential of no-till agriculture for climate change
... No-till means reduced soil disturbance as an alternative to traditional cultivation by ploughing or discing, in which the soil is broken and then further cultivated to prepare a seedbed for planting crops. In large-scale mechanized farms tillage operations are performed with heavy machinery pulled b ...
... No-till means reduced soil disturbance as an alternative to traditional cultivation by ploughing or discing, in which the soil is broken and then further cultivated to prepare a seedbed for planting crops. In large-scale mechanized farms tillage operations are performed with heavy machinery pulled b ...
Climate and Land Degradation - Integrated Drought Management
... Extent and rate of land degradation Global assessment of land degradation is not an easy task, and a wide range of methods are used, including expert judgement, remote sensing and modeling. Because of different definitions and terminology, there also exists a large variation in the available statist ...
... Extent and rate of land degradation Global assessment of land degradation is not an easy task, and a wide range of methods are used, including expert judgement, remote sensing and modeling. Because of different definitions and terminology, there also exists a large variation in the available statist ...
Changes in El Niño and La Niña teleconnections over North Pacific
... system is unequivocal.... Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.”. A climate warmed as a result of human activity thus becomes part of the inevitable future ...
... system is unequivocal.... Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.”. A climate warmed as a result of human activity thus becomes part of the inevitable future ...
Climate and Land Degradation - The World AgroMeteorological
... Extent and rate of land degradation Global assessment of land degradation is not an easy task, and a wide range of methods are used, including expert judgement, remote sensing and modeling. Because of different definitions and terminology, there also exists a large variation in the available statist ...
... Extent and rate of land degradation Global assessment of land degradation is not an easy task, and a wide range of methods are used, including expert judgement, remote sensing and modeling. Because of different definitions and terminology, there also exists a large variation in the available statist ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.