MCCA Regulations and Syllabus -Masters
... The Master of Climate Change Adaptation (MCCA) programme of the University of Nairobi seeks to improve the science and practice of climate change and adaptation. It explores the fundamental changes caused by anthropogenic and natural activities that influence the alteration of the living earth’s env ...
... The Master of Climate Change Adaptation (MCCA) programme of the University of Nairobi seeks to improve the science and practice of climate change and adaptation. It explores the fundamental changes caused by anthropogenic and natural activities that influence the alteration of the living earth’s env ...
A Teacher`s Guide for the Video Sila Alangotok— Inuit Observations
... refers specifically to any change in the global average surface temperature. In other words, global warming or cooling is ONE type of planetary scale climate change. When describing climate change, it is important to distinguish long-term from short-term change. Climate processes are influenced by a ...
... refers specifically to any change in the global average surface temperature. In other words, global warming or cooling is ONE type of planetary scale climate change. When describing climate change, it is important to distinguish long-term from short-term change. Climate processes are influenced by a ...
Executive Summary Powering Climate Action
... Another perception about cities, for instance from the private sector, is that due to their complexity and scale, cities can be challenging partners to work with. However this work demonstrates that many cities are ensuring comprehensive action is taken through collaboration, confounding this misshe ...
... Another perception about cities, for instance from the private sector, is that due to their complexity and scale, cities can be challenging partners to work with. However this work demonstrates that many cities are ensuring comprehensive action is taken through collaboration, confounding this misshe ...
An Introduction to Simple Climate Models
... represent these physical quantities as averages over one or more spatial dimensions. Instead of, for instance, a three-dimensional grid, one might use a two-dimensional (latitude-height) grid, with each point being an average over all longitudes at a given latitude and height. • The extent to which ...
... represent these physical quantities as averages over one or more spatial dimensions. Instead of, for instance, a three-dimensional grid, one might use a two-dimensional (latitude-height) grid, with each point being an average over all longitudes at a given latitude and height. • The extent to which ...
Distinguishing the relative impacts of climate change and human
... decades, accounting for 5.0% to 112.1% of runoff changes. It is noted that the effects of human activities including soil conservation, water conservancy projects and changes in land cover might accumulate or counteract each other simultaneously, and attempts were not made in this paper to further ...
... decades, accounting for 5.0% to 112.1% of runoff changes. It is noted that the effects of human activities including soil conservation, water conservancy projects and changes in land cover might accumulate or counteract each other simultaneously, and attempts were not made in this paper to further ...
Second National Communication of Brazil to the United Nations
... removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol; submission of a general description of steps taken or envisaged to implement the Convention; and submission of any other information that the Party considers relevant for achieving the objective of the Convention. The doc ...
... removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol; submission of a general description of steps taken or envisaged to implement the Convention; and submission of any other information that the Party considers relevant for achieving the objective of the Convention. The doc ...
50 years of urbanization in Africa: Assessing the role of climate change
... Climate researchers predict future climate change using various emission scenarios as inputs to several different assessment models. The underlying scenarios range from aggressive mitigation of greenhouse gases to a continuation of current trends. While there is fairly broad consensus about global a ...
... Climate researchers predict future climate change using various emission scenarios as inputs to several different assessment models. The underlying scenarios range from aggressive mitigation of greenhouse gases to a continuation of current trends. While there is fairly broad consensus about global a ...
United Nations Development Assistance Framework
... At Marrakech Parties did not succeed to attain consent in relation to legal character of the mode of observance of obligations, in particular in relation to that, whether must be statutory normative approvals for non-fulfillment by the countries of the obligations. The decision-making this is carrie ...
... At Marrakech Parties did not succeed to attain consent in relation to legal character of the mode of observance of obligations, in particular in relation to that, whether must be statutory normative approvals for non-fulfillment by the countries of the obligations. The decision-making this is carrie ...
Low Emissions Diet
... A critical problem is that traditional reporting methods understate the shorter-term impacts of animal agriculture. This booklet focuses on such impacts, as it is critical that we mitigate the relevant risks in an effort to avoid climate change tipping points, where a small change in human activity ...
... A critical problem is that traditional reporting methods understate the shorter-term impacts of animal agriculture. This booklet focuses on such impacts, as it is critical that we mitigate the relevant risks in an effort to avoid climate change tipping points, where a small change in human activity ...
SUBSTITUTION OF NATURAL GAS FOR COAL: CLIMATIC
... Fuel switching, or the substitution of low-carbon fuels for fossil fuels with higher carbon contents, is one of the principal methods suggested to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption in the near future (e.g., E7, 2000; Nakicenovic, 2000; Audus, 1999; ORNL, 1997; Watson et al., 19 ...
... Fuel switching, or the substitution of low-carbon fuels for fossil fuels with higher carbon contents, is one of the principal methods suggested to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption in the near future (e.g., E7, 2000; Nakicenovic, 2000; Audus, 1999; ORNL, 1997; Watson et al., 19 ...
Soil erosion and climate change: the transect approach and the
... are dependent on the supply of water from the dry subsystem. The process–pattern structures resulting from water and sediment redistribution reflect both relatively static Že.g., rock fragments. and dynamic Že.g., soil aggregation. factors. Positive feedback loops occur when water redistribution rei ...
... are dependent on the supply of water from the dry subsystem. The process–pattern structures resulting from water and sediment redistribution reflect both relatively static Že.g., rock fragments. and dynamic Že.g., soil aggregation. factors. Positive feedback loops occur when water redistribution rei ...
Sea-level rise and climate change
... Greenhouse gases trap energy from the sun in the Earth’s atmosphere. In contrast, airborne solid or liquid particles called aerosols can reflect energy back into space. Combined, they affect what is ...
... Greenhouse gases trap energy from the sun in the Earth’s atmosphere. In contrast, airborne solid or liquid particles called aerosols can reflect energy back into space. Combined, they affect what is ...
Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in the Land Use Sector
... interventions act together is less than the sum of the individual interventions outcomes. As a result, often some scholars view, this synergy model from its cost reduction value as that is also another goal of synergy. If costs are separated from benefits, the best result is obtained (Tanriverdi 200 ...
... interventions act together is less than the sum of the individual interventions outcomes. As a result, often some scholars view, this synergy model from its cost reduction value as that is also another goal of synergy. If costs are separated from benefits, the best result is obtained (Tanriverdi 200 ...
Australian rangelands and climate change – invasive
... (Cyprinus carpio) is a significant freshwater pest in the Murray–Darling Basin and other rivers of NSW (West 2008); however, it occupies only a small area along the eastern edge of the cluster region. Other species in this group include the common starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Another group of non-na ...
... (Cyprinus carpio) is a significant freshwater pest in the Murray–Darling Basin and other rivers of NSW (West 2008); however, it occupies only a small area along the eastern edge of the cluster region. Other species in this group include the common starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Another group of non-na ...
Australian rangelands and climate change – invasive animals
... (Cyprinus carpio) is a significant freshwater pest in the Murray–Darling Basin and other rivers of NSW (West 2008); however, it occupies only a small area along the eastern edge of the cluster region. Other species in this group include the common starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Another group of non-na ...
... (Cyprinus carpio) is a significant freshwater pest in the Murray–Darling Basin and other rivers of NSW (West 2008); however, it occupies only a small area along the eastern edge of the cluster region. Other species in this group include the common starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Another group of non-na ...
Analyses of the Effects of Global Change on Human Health and
... Climate change can affect health directly and indirectly. Directly, extreme weather events (floods, droughts, windstorms, fires, and heat waves) can affect the health of Americans and cause significant economic impacts. Indirectly, climate change can alter or disrupt natural systems, making it possi ...
... Climate change can affect health directly and indirectly. Directly, extreme weather events (floods, droughts, windstorms, fires, and heat waves) can affect the health of Americans and cause significant economic impacts. Indirectly, climate change can alter or disrupt natural systems, making it possi ...
Riedy CAGs-AUS-ED_accepted - OPUS at UTS
... facilitating an effective global response to this wicked (Rittel and Webber 1973) or “super wicked” (Levin et al. 2012) problem. While the failures to date have led some to question whether democracy is a suitable governance system for responding to climate change (Shearman and Smith 2007), others ...
... facilitating an effective global response to this wicked (Rittel and Webber 1973) or “super wicked” (Levin et al. 2012) problem. While the failures to date have led some to question whether democracy is a suitable governance system for responding to climate change (Shearman and Smith 2007), others ...
'Sensitivity of climate change detection and attribution to the characterization of internal climate variability'
... full characterization of its properties and its interplay with external forcings remains elusive ...
... full characterization of its properties and its interplay with external forcings remains elusive ...
P1.6 DIURNAL CYCLES OF THE SURFACE RADIATION BUDGET
... eigenvalues. However, the 24 hourly values are created by interpolation from a set of eight values, so that 16 values are dependent on the original eight values. Thus the additional 16 eigenvalues are expected to be null, and one expects only eight non-zero eigenvalues. For each of the seven paramet ...
... eigenvalues. However, the 24 hourly values are created by interpolation from a set of eight values, so that 16 values are dependent on the original eight values. Thus the additional 16 eigenvalues are expected to be null, and one expects only eight non-zero eigenvalues. For each of the seven paramet ...
PDF
... as much as 30 per cent and rice production in Orissa by 12 per cent. The brunt of such environmental changes in India is expected to be very high due to greater dependence on agriculture, limited natural resources, alarming increase in human and livestock population, changing pattern in land use and ...
... as much as 30 per cent and rice production in Orissa by 12 per cent. The brunt of such environmental changes in India is expected to be very high due to greater dependence on agriculture, limited natural resources, alarming increase in human and livestock population, changing pattern in land use and ...
Climate Change and Adaptation Options in Karamoja
... countries in Africa could be reduced by up to 50% by 2020 as a result of climate change. Natural resources constitute the primary source of livelihood for the majority of Ugandans and the economy of Uganda depends on exploiting its natural resources. Management of these natural resources is therefor ...
... countries in Africa could be reduced by up to 50% by 2020 as a result of climate change. Natural resources constitute the primary source of livelihood for the majority of Ugandans and the economy of Uganda depends on exploiting its natural resources. Management of these natural resources is therefor ...
Climate Sensitivity, Sea Level, and Atmospheric
... "hyperthermals", most prominently the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) at ~ 56 Myr BP (Kennett & Stott, 1991) and the Mid-Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) at ~ 42 Myr BP (Bohaty et al., 2009), coincident with large temporary increases of atmospheric CO2. The most studied hyperthermal, the PETM, ...
... "hyperthermals", most prominently the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) at ~ 56 Myr BP (Kennett & Stott, 1991) and the Mid-Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) at ~ 42 Myr BP (Bohaty et al., 2009), coincident with large temporary increases of atmospheric CO2. The most studied hyperthermal, the PETM, ...
How To Do Note on Fisheries, Aquaculture and Climate Change
... review of relevant literature on climate change, the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, and related activities of other international organizations. Most of the proposed measures are not new concepts or ideas but have been proven time and again in practice to provide a range of benefits to and incre ...
... review of relevant literature on climate change, the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, and related activities of other international organizations. Most of the proposed measures are not new concepts or ideas but have been proven time and again in practice to provide a range of benefits to and incre ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.